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Topic: Preslav Literary School

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Preslav

Naum of Preslav

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History of Bulgaria

Simeon I of Bulgaria

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Old Slavonic language

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Glagolitic alphabet

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	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Preslav (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The name of Preslav is clearly of Slavic origin; apparently it was initially founded and functioned as a Slavic settlement until its fortification at the beginning of the 9th century.
		Culturally, it was the centre of the Preslav Literary School which was founded in Pliska in 886 and was moved to Preslav along with the rest of the court in 893.
		Preslav regained some of its importance in Bulgarian politics during the first years of the joint rule of the founders of the Second Bulgarian Empire, Theodore Peter and Ivan Asen I.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Preslav (696 words)

	THE KAMCHIA RESORT - BULGARIA
		Velikli Preslav was the centre of the flourishing Medieval Bulgarian literature and culture and its Golden Century.
		It was the Preslav Literary School that had a strong influence on the cultural development of Eastern Europe.
		A proof of past wealth and grandeur of the city is the Preslav Treasure, consisting of 150 objects of exquisite craftsmanship.
	www.kamchia.net /preslav_en.htm (368 words)

	Preslav Literary School - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 893, Simeon I moved the seat of the school from Pliska to Bulgaria’s new capital, Preslav.
		The Preslav Literary School was the most important literary and cultural centre of Bulgaria and all Slavs until the capture and burning of Preslav by the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces in 972.
		The school is likely to have had a key role for the development of the Cyrillic alphabet, as the earliest Cyrillic inscriptions have been found in the area of Preslav (see also Cyrillic alphabet).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Preslav_Literary_School (202 words)

	Naum of Preslav - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Saint Naum of Preslav (Saint Naum of Ohrid) (c.
		Naum was one of the founders of the Pliska Literary School (later Preslav Literary School) where he worked between 886 and 893.
		After Clement was ordained bishop of Drembica (Velika) in 893, Naum continued Clement’s work at the Ohrid Literary School.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/n/a/u/Naum_of_Preslav_9b5a.html (184 words)

	Pliska - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In 886, Boris I founded the Pliska Literary School (after 893 Preslav Literary School) which was headed by Naum of Preslav.
		In 892, the city became the scene of a pagan revolt led by King Vladimir.
		One of the first steps of the new ruler was to move the capital to Preslav, a fortified town in the vicinity of Pliska, probably because of the steadily strong pagan influence in the old capital.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Pliska (360 words)

	About Region
		Veliki Preslav is 20 km from Shumen and became capital of Bulgaria under the son of tsar Boris I, tsar Simeon The Great (893 – 927).
		Under his reign Bulgaria reached its greatest prosperity and its capital Veliki Preslav was the biggest town in Eastern Europe, the Near and the Far East.
		The national historical and archeological reserve and the “Veliki Preslav” Museum are created on the ruins of the Old Bulgarian capital Veliki Preslav and take about 500ha of its area.
	www.alcomet-plc.com /za_regiona_en.htm (436 words)

	Preslav Literary School Science Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Lecturers from the University of Shumen as well as from other universities in Bulgaria and abroad are members of the staff of Preslav Literary School Science Department.
		Preslav Literary School Science Department carries out preparation of postgraduate and graduate papers on Old Bulgarian Literature, Old Bulgarian Language and Historical Grammar of Bulgarian Language.
		The library catalog contains editions of separate Preslav literary records, research in the field of Slavonic Studies, Bulgarian Studies, History and Theology.
	www.shu-bg.net /EN/Fakulteti/Pr_shkola/Preslavska6kola.html (140 words)

	Clement founds the Ohrid Literary School
		The role played by the founders of the first schooling in the Balkans was immense.
		A small portion of literature in Glagolitic translation, created in the scriptoriums of the Ohrid School and dispersed throughout the world, such as the Evangelarium Assemani (Codex Vaticanus) and the Zograph and the Gospel of Mary and the Sinai Psalter and Prayer Book have been preserved.
		The precise expression of the mystical tripartite Christian creative principle (the Holy Trinity), as well as the impeccable literary organization, especially in the manuscripts of the Assemani and Zograph Gospel, show their author as a unifier of the crowning achievements of linguistic values.
	www.mymacedonia.net /language/school.htm (1149 words)

	Preslav Search Results - Webshots
		Veliki Preslav (Bulgarian: Ð’ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ ÐÑÐµÑÐ»Ð°Ð²) was capital of the First Bulgarian Empire...
		The name of Preslav is clearly of Slavic origin; apparently it was...
		The Preslav Literary School (Pliska Literary School) was the first literary school in the medieval...
	www.webshots.com /search?query=Preslav (87 words)

	Bulgarian Art and Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The peculiarities of the Christian religious practices (as is known, it cannot be professed without books and literacy), obliged not only parish priests but also staunch Christians that were the majority of the population at that time, to master reading and writing skills.
		Bulgarian school network of the 9th century, developed early by the then European cultural standards.
		All lessons were taught in the native tongue one very important circumstance that rendered literacy courses a lot easier for all comers.
	www.artshop-bg.com /culture.html (775 words)

	History of Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the reign of Khan Omurtag (814-831), the northwestern boundaries with the Frankish Empire were firmly settled along the middle Danube and magnificent palace, pagan temples, ruler's residence, fortress, citadel, water-main and bath were built in Bulgarian capital Pliska, mainly of stone and brick.
		According to an alternative theory, the alphabet was devised at the Ohrid Literary School by Saint Climent of Ohrid, a Bulgarian scholar and disciple of Cyril and Methodius.
		By the late 9th and the beginning of the 10th century, Bulgaria extended to Epirus and Thessaly in the south, Bosnia in the west and controlled the whole of present-day Romania and eastern Hungary to the north.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-History_of_Bulgaria (3134 words)

	[No title]
		Until the day when real archeological research was started, historians believed that Preslav was built around 893 and that it took tsar Simeon 28 years to finish it.
		Veliki Preslav - the second capital of Bulgaria - was entitled with the mission to take Bulgaria all the long way to Christianity.
		Shortly after the devout tsar Petar died in 969, the Byzantine diplomacy undertook a long campaign aiming at diminishing the power of its mighty rival to the north to whom it invariably paid for over half a century an annual tax.
	www.museum-preslav.com /engl/expoz.html (1481 words)

	First Bulgarian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The alphabet and the Old Bulgarian language gave rise to a rich literary and cultural activity centered around the Preslav and Ohrid Literary Schools, established by order of Boris I in 886.
		In the beginning of 10th century AD, a new alphabet - the Cyrillic alphabet - was developed on the basis of Greek and Glagolitic cursive at the Preslav Literary School.
		A pious monk and hermit St Ivan of Rila (Ivan Rilski, 876-946), became the patron saint of Bulgaria.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/History_of_the_First_Bulgarian_Empire (1234 words)

	www.myspace.com/preslavliteraryschool
		Preslav Literary School is a solo project in which field recordings, structured drones and sound textures are used as the main components of composition.
		The project takes the form of a series of extended recordings of fictions of the everyday.
		View All of Preslav Literary School 's Friends
	www.myspace.com /preslavliteraryschool (208 words)

	[No title]
		The "Veliki Preslav" National Historical-Archaeological Reserve and Museum is situated upon the ruins of Veliki Preslav (893-972), the ancient capital of Bulgaria.
		They were uncovered during the excavations of the administrative building in the Palace centre.
		The collection of epigraphic monuments is also extremely valuable because it is indisputable proof of the great achievements, educational work, and enlightenment of the Preslav Literary School.
	www.museum-preslav.com /engl/about.html (224 words)

	Bulgarian Information Center - bulgarian girls
		It was influenced by its non-Slavic neighbours in the Balkan linguistic union (mostly gramatically) and later also by the Turkish language, which had a dominant position in the Ottoman empire (mostly lexically).
		As a national revival occurred towards the end of the period of Ottoman rule (mostly during the 19th century), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged which drew heavily on Russian and Church Slavonic/Old Bulgarian and which later reduced the number of Turkish and other Balkanic loans.
		The Glagolitic alphabet was gradually superseded in the following centuries by the Cyrillic alphabet, which was developed around the Preslav Literary School in the beginning of the 10th century.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_A_-_C/Bulgarian.html (3368 words)

	Cyrillic Encyclopedia Article @ GetitFreeHere.com (Get It Free Here) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Though it is usually attributed to Saint Clement of Ohrid, disciple of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius from Bulgarian Macedonia, the alphabet is more likely to have developed at the Preslav Literary School in northeastern Bulgaria, where the oldest Cyrillic inscriptions have been found, dating back to the 940s.
		The theory is supported by the fact that the Cyrillic alphabet almost completely replaced the Glagolitic in northeastern Bulgaria as early as the end of the tenth century, whereas the Ohrid Literary School—where Saint Clement worked—continued to use the Glagolitic until the twelfth century.
		Of course, as the disciples of St. Cyril and Methodius spread throughout the First Bulgarian Empire, it is likely that these two main scholarly centres were a part of a single tradition.
	www.getitfreehere.com /encyclopedia/Cyrillic (3593 words)

	Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage, Vol. 15, page 7
		The underlying features of the Preslav redaction found in these manuscripts are of particular interest.
		It is even possible to hypothesize that #385, or rather, the manuscript from which it was copied, was the “last version to leave” Great Preslav and find its way to Mount Athos.
		Professor Tihova is the Director of the Preslav Literary School Research Centre, “Konstantin Preslavski” University of Shumen, Bulgaria.
	cmrs.osu.edu /rcmss/Newsletter/CMHv15/CMHv15p07.htm (923 words)

	Clement of Ohrid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		With a view thereto, Boris made arrangements for the establishment of two literary schools (academies) where the Slavonic language was to be taught.
		The first of the schools was to be founded in the capital, Pliska, and the second one in the region of Kutmichevica (present-day western Republic of Macedonia and eastern Albania).
		While Naum of Preslav stayed in Pliska working on the foundation of the Pliska Literary School, Clement was sent by Boris to Ohrid in Kutmichevitza with the commission to organise the teaching of Old Church Slavonic there.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Clement_of_Ohrid (597 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Though the alphabet is usually attributed to Saint Clement of Ohrid, a Bulgarian scholar and disciple of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, the alphabet is more likely to have developed at the Preslav Literary School in northeastern Bulgaria, where the oldest Cyrillic inscriptions (dating back to the 940s) have been found.
		The strong Byzantine influence which Preslav experienced as Bulgaria’s capital in the 9th and the 10th century is a plausible reason for the incorporation of Greek letters into the Glagolitic alphabet.
		The theory is further supported by the fact that the Cyrillic alphabet replaced almost completely the Glagolitic one in northeastern Bulgaria as early as the end of the 10th century, whereas the Ohrid Literary School—where Saint Clement worked—continued to use the Glagolitic alphabet until the 12th century.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis43.htm (683 words)

	~dtrif/abv: Bulgarian alphabets
		This translated Bible is considered as the first literary monument of the German culture.
		Zograph monastery Gospel (found in 1843, dated from 10th century), etc. The products and translations made by the authors of the famous Preslav literary school [K. Preslavski (Constantine of Preslav), Joan (John) Exarch, king Simeon the Great and others] are written with cyrillic letters.
		Most earlier stone inscriptions with cyrillic, glagolithic and proto-bulgarian letters are found in Preslav area and Dobrudzha (Dobruja), in the Murfatlar small churches again.
	theo.inrne.bas.bg /~dtrif/abv/BG_ABC.HTM (1995 words)

	landlordbg.com Information about Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The flowering of the Turnovo school of art was related to the construction of palaces and churches, to literary activity in the royal court and the monasteries, and to the development of handicrafts.
		Remarkable achievements of this school have been preserved down to this day: the murals of the Boyars' houses in Trapezitsa and the Forty Holy Martyrs church in Veliko Tarnovo, the Boyana Church (1259) and the Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo.
		Since few outside the church were literate, the dominance of the Greek clergy led to the decline of Bulgarian elite culture.
	www.landlordbg.co.uk /about_bulgaria.php?page=03 (4825 words)

	Bulgarian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Old Church Slavonic (9th to 11th century, also referred to as Old Bulgarian), a literary norm of the early southern dialect of Common Slavonic from which Bulgarian evolved, was the language used by St.
		It was influenced by its non-Slavic neighbours in the Balkan linguistic union (mostly grammatically) and later also by Turkish, which was the official language of Ottoman empire, in the form of the Ottoman language (an earlier form of Turkish), mostly lexically.
		The Glagolitic alphabet was gradually superseded in later centuries by the Cyrillic alphabet, developed around the Preslav Literary School in the beginning of the 10th century.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Bulgarian_language (5072 words)

	Preslav Literary School - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Preslav Literary School - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu)
		The Preslav Literary School (Pliska Literary School) was the first literary school in Bulgaria.
		A number of prominent Bulgarian writers and scholars worked at the school, including Naum of Preslav (until 893), Konstantin Preslavski, Joan Ekzarh, Chernorizetz Hrabar, etc.
	education.music.us.cob-web.org:8888 /P/Preslav-Literary-School.htm (378 words)

	Preslavska knizhovna shkola, tom 5 (The Preslav literary school, volume 5) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Preslavska knizhovna shkola, tom 5 (The Preslav literary school, volume 5)
		A collection of 35 original papers, divided in three sections: History and Archaeology (13 papers); Philology and Art (12 papers); Theology (9 papers).
		Devoted to the history, linguistics and theology of the famous Preslav literary School of the First Bulgarian Kingdom (X-XII centuries).
	www.pensoft.net /notes/7905.stm (78 words)

	Individual Travel to Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Round (Golden) Church was awe - inspiring too.
		It raises to significance during the years of Byzantine rule (9th-12th centuries).After the foundation of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (1186), the town becomes its capital.
		In the 13th-14th centuries in the town and its outskirts numerous literary schools spring up - centres of educational and literary activity.
	www.individualtraveltobulgaria.com /eng/one_day.htm (3078 words)

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