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Topic: Prestige dialect

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	Dialect
		A dialect is a variant, or variety, of a language spoken in a certain geographical area.
		The concept dialect is distinguished from sociolect[?], which is a variant of a language spoken by a certain social stratum, from standard language[?], which is standardized for public performance (e.g.
		In a way, "dialect" is not a linguistic term: there is no linguistic means by which one is able to distinguish a "dialect" from a "language" - it is rather a kind of sociolinguistic evaluation (or historical evaluation in the case of linguists) that makes people talk about languages and dialects.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/di/Dialect.html (435 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Dialect
		Dialects can be distinguished from: sociolects, which are varieties of a language spoken by a certain social class; standard languages, which are standardized for public performance (e.g.
		Varieties of language such as dialects, idiolects and sociolects can be distinguished not only by their vocabulary and grammar, but also by differences in phonology (including prosody).
		A dialect continuum is a network of dialects in which geographically adjacent dialects are mutually comprehensible, but with comprehensibility steadily decreasing as distance between the dialects increases.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Dialect (1932 words)

	Untitled Document
		In sum, a dialect is a particular variety of a language, and we all have a dialect.
		Basically, the standard dialect is the dialect that is associated with prestige in the society at large.
		We use the term Overt Prestige to indicate that the speaker is seeking to associate her or himself with the general prestigious dialect within a society.
	www.unc.edu /~gerfen/Ling30Sp2002/sociolinguistics.html (7840 words)

	PRESTIGE DIALECT. The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. 1993
		is the name for the dialect spoken by the people of most social, political, and economic power and influence in a large language community.
		The United States has no single prestige dialect.
		In Britain, Received Standard Southern British English is the main prestige dialect.
	www.bartleby.com /68/54/4754.html (89 words)

	A defence of Singlish
		Many languages have different dialects for different social situations, and both Singlish and Bahasa Jakarta (known as 'slang' by its speakers) are used mainly in informal circumstances between social peers even when both speakers know the standard form of the language.
		Dialect swapping and mixing of entirely different languages is known as diglossia and code-switching.
		Dialect research is a very important area for language policy and education issues in the US, Singapore and elsewhere non-standard languages and dialects are spoken side-by-side with prestige dialects.
	www.tim-richardson.net /letters/singlish.html (1827 words)

	Digital FSI Saudi Arabic CD ROM Course (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There are three major groups of dialects in Saudi Arabia - Hijazi, spoken on the western coast, in Jidda, Taif, and the holy cities of Mecca and Medina; Najdi, spoken in and around Riyadh, in the north central part of the country; and Shargi, spoken in the oil-rich eastern reqion.
		While the Najdi dialect enjoys prestige by virtue of its conservatism and relative closeness to Classical Arabic and the fact that it is the dialect of the royal family, the Hijazi dialect is used throughout the country for government and commercial purposes, and has become the most widely-understood dialect in the Arabian Peninsula.
		The Hijazi dialect is not "pure" Saudi Arabic, and reflects recent borrowings from other dialects, especially Egyptian, Jordanian and Palestinian; for this reason, sometimes one word or expression was selected from several which may be heard, and sometimes alternative expressions are introduced, since two or even three forms may be in frequent use.
	ultimatelanguagestore.com /inc/sdetail/32214 (1029 words)

	Prestige dialect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A prestige dialect is the dialect spoken by the most prestigious people in a speech community which is large enough to sustain more than one dialect.
		In nations with a colonial history the prestige dialect is often close to the prestige dialect of the colonising community although it may fossilise at the point of secession.
		It is not uncommon for speakers of a particular dialect, especially a regional dialect which has historically not been regarded as a prestige dialect, to claim that their dialect is in fact a distinct language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prestige_dialect (694 words)

	Center for World Languages: Classroom Based Dialect Awareness in Heritage Language Instruction: A Critical Applied ...
		In this methodology, dialect awareness is conceived of in terms of a set of themes that should be elaborated and exemplified through hands-on practice with real dialect materials.
		The second theme, dialects are regular, might be elaborated by working with speech samples from a specific dialect in order to determine the regular patterns of variation.
		While this exercise addresses the CBDA theme of distribution of dialect, it is fundamentally different from the blanquillo ethnographic assignment because the functional distribution of dialect forms is dictated and imposed from a position of institutional authority, i.e., the teacher herself.
	www.isop.ucla.edu /languages/article.asp?parentid=3621 (5534 words)

	American Dialects : Dialect map of American English
		Three things are needed for a new dialect to develop: a group of people living in close proximity to each other; this group living in isolation (either geographically or socially) from other groups; and the passage of time.
		Also, teenagers enjoy creating their own dialects that they can use to quickly determine who is or is not part of the "in crowd" and as a "secret language" in front of their parents.
		This dialect region matches the borders of the Confederate states that seceded during the "Confederate War" and is still a culturally distinct region of the United States.
	www.geocities.com /yvain.geo/dialects.html (4160 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.1446: Prescriptivism
		Because tolerating the other form in what is supposed to be *prestige* usage is as bad as tolerating "2+2=5" in arithmetic, or permitting a bassist to use a "blue note" (quarter tone) in playing Mozart.
		Second, we must recognize that traditional formulations of prestige usage have been recorded in school grammars for centuries, so that even the most absurd of them (absurd because not based on actual prestige usage) have been internalized by many who strive, with varying degrees of success, to speak or write the prestige dialect.
		Third, teaching the prestige dialect prescriptively should not mean that prestige forms are to be used to the exclusion of all others.
	linguistlist.org /issues/6/6-1446.html (917 words)

	American English is a dialect? (ProZ.com: Translator Coop)
		The connotations in describing a language as a "dialect", which is what happened to the languages of the indigenous peoples (nahuatl, mayan, etc.) are negative: a dialect would seem to be something that does not qualify to be considered a language.
		The non-scientific use of the terms 'dialect' (negative connotation) and 'language' (worthy of respect) is exactly what modern linguistics, with its use of the term 'dialect' to refer to any geographical variety, including the prestige dialect, makes a point to avoid.
		To say, for example, that the Queen of England speaks a `prestige dialect', as some scholars have done, is for many people a contradiction in terms, and for quite a few is a slur on both the monarch and her usage - or even on dialect.
	www.proz.com /post/255564 (2468 words)

	Ethnologue: Mozambique
		Distinct from Chopi (Dhopaluo), a dialect of Acholi of Uganda.
		Distinct from Kunda which is a dialect of Nyanja, and apparently distinct from Kunda of Zaïre.
		Distinct from Senga dialect of Tumbuka of Zambia, Malawi, and Tanzania.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/Moza.html (1795 words)

	Western Washington University
		dialect - a term used to denote a language variety that is viewed as a regional or social variant of a language
		Ferguson’s language types based on prestige and vitality - Fasold (1984) reviews these types, and although they are not mentioned in Wardaugh, they are important to learn.
		Using just two attributes, prestige (the degree to which a language has been standardized) and vitality (the number of native speakers of a language), Ferguson (1966) was able to distinguish among five language types:
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~sngynan/slx2.html (669 words)

	Hrock University Anthropology Dept. - Prof. Hart - Home
		Because the traditional names of the dialects correspond to old colonial divisions—Tonkin, Annam, and Cochin-China—these terms have been discarded among the Vietnamese population.
		The Northern dialect forms the basis of the standard national language and is the prestige dialect.
		Dialects differ mainly in pronunciation; however, there are some vocabulary differences.
	www.angelfire.com /indie/cis0/index.htm (326 words)

	CAL: Topics: Dialects: A Linguist Looks at the Ebonics Debate
		The word "language" is also used to refer to a group of related dialects, but there are no scientific criteria for deciding when to refer to two linguistic systems as different dialects of the same language, or as different languages belonging to the same language family.
		An important principle of linguistics is that the selection of the prestige dialect is determined by accidental extralinguistic forces, and is not dependent on inherent virtues of the dialects themselves.
		The critics have also worried about whether AAVE "is a language." One way of understanding the question is whether it is a language rather than a mere collection of "mistakes." This seems to be the way Ward Connerly understands the question, and his answer is that it isn't a language.
	www.cal.org /topics/dialects/ebfillmo.html (2636 words)

	Prestige - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prestige (sociology), good reputation or high esteem, though in earlier usage, it meant showiness.
		Prestige dialect is an important term in sociolinguistics.
		Prestige, a single-hulled oil tanker whose sinking in 2002 off the Spanish coast caused a very large oil spill
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prestige (222 words)

	Do You Speak American . Sea to Shining Sea . American Varieties . Southern \| PBS
		Studies of American dialect geography show that R before a vowel, in words such as red, bread, raw, around, is pronounced in much the same way all over the country.
		In America, some of the aura of the Rless English prestige dialect clung to such speech through its association with the influential proprietors of the Southern plantation agricultural system and with the metropolitan speech of large Northern seaboard cities.
		It has long been the prevailing dialect of the military services (except possibly for the Navy), of NASCAR and other auto sports, and of country music, whose performers are expected to imitate it unless they are native speakers, as is Dolly Parton.
	www.pbs.org /speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/southern (2091 words)

	LESSON 11-1
		The term “standard dialect” covers several, interrelated notions and realities: standard dialect refers to the variety taught in schools, used by many in the media (at least by news anchors), covered in grammar books, and the version that you would speak in formal situations.
		It is important to note that dialects within the same language are not always mutually intelligible—the ability of speakers from one variety to understand speakers from another.
		Also, notice that by dialect we are referring to more than accent here—in linguistics, accent refers to phonological/phonetic variation only.
	www.hamline.edu /personal/ferku/linguisticsfall2002/11variation.htm (523 words)

	Hyper-Corrections - Linguistics - tribe.net
		What is regarded as "correct" socially is the standard or prestige dialect, but linguistics does not regard the prestige dialect of a language as being more "correct" than others.
		Academic dialect is appropriate to academic settings, and an academic person needs to have a command of this dialect, but linguistics does not consider academic dialect to be intrinsically superior to other dialects.
		Sociolinguistics is where we study the intersection of language and social class, and the social function of prestige dialects.
	linguistica.tribe.net /thread/7a569b0e-f463-4936-a758-132043f79fc4 (4796 words)

	languagehat.com: Comment on THE LANGUAGE WARS.
		Problems arises when prescriptivists mistakenly assume their prejudices are an adequate substitute for accurate description, and when they assume that the prestige of the prestige dialect is an entirely natural and politically unmediated result of its intrinsic superiority.
		On the other hand, the formal prestige registers are sometimes (sociopolitically) appropriate, and not teaching them in schools can disadvantage those whose native dialects are far from the prestige one, and may not easily acquire it without exposure and instruction.
		In short: prestige dialects are not inherently superior in any sense other than having prestige, but that is after all not a small thing to have.
	www.languagehat.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=925 (1535 words)

	UC Santa Cruz - Linguistics - Course Offerings - Undergraduate Course Descriptions
		By the end of the course, you should be acquainted with systematic methods of studying language, be aware of the fundamental similarities of all human languages as well as their startling diversity, and have an informed perspective on how issues of language impact our society.
		It deals with how prestige varieties of a language develop, and how that development is connected with social, political, and economic conditions.
		It examines the mechanisms used in contemporary societies to maintain the position of prestige dialects and those that use them; in particular, we will examine the mythology of language purity and 'correct usage' that is often an important part of the support system for a prestige dialect.
	ling.ucsc.edu /courses/undergrad_courses.php (3284 words)

	Egyptian Arabic ('aammiyya)
		Although Egyptian Arabic is for the most part a spoken dialect, it is also used in vernacular literature, including novels, plays, and poems, as popular media, such as in comics, advertising, some newspapers, and in transcriptions of popular songs.
		Cairene Arabic, the prestige dialect spoken in Cairo, is a Lower Egyptian dialect.
		The Arabic script is based on the Nabataean alphabet which was used to write the Nabataean dialect of Aramaic.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/august/EgyptianArabic.html (1521 words)

	Grammar and Lexicon of the Naidda Language
		Momuva'e dialect: Momuva'e was once Kasca's largest city, and is still quite large by most standards - but crumbling and having lost its status as the regional center long ago...
		Their speech is similar to the Delta dialect except for a few minor sound changes and a higher dependence on a system of "animacy hierarchy" (explained below).
		In codas and finally, the realization of /r/ depends on dialect, but is usually either [R] (as in the prestige Southern dialect) or vocalized to an unrounded mid-back vowel such as [7] or [V] or anything in between (especially in more northerly dialects).
	www.u.arizona.edu /~bpawlows/naidda/naidda.html (3516 words)

	FSI Cantonese Basic Course
		It has many dialects, but the Prestige variety, spoken in Canton, is standard, and is used over a wide area, including Hong Kong, and these tapes are made in the Prestige dialect.
		A native speaker is the final judge of whether or not an utterance is acceptable in their dialect.
		Not all dialect differences are geographical; many are social and educational.
	www.multilingualbooks.com /fsi-cantonese.html (2522 words)

	Ling 001 Lecture 6: Sociolinguistics
		But it is also in their interest to maintain their dominance by recognizing non-elites and exposing them on the basis of their incomplete mastery of the prestige dialect.
		Odd quirks and arbitrary rules ensure that the dialect can only be fully learned through explicit instruction and prolonged exposure, helping to ensure that those born into privilege will retain it, and those born outside of the elite will have difficulty breaking into it.
		An important exception is the Southern dialect area, where the r-less pronunciation spread quite widely as a regional prestige pattern.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Summer_2003/ling001/lecture6.html (5364 words)

	A STUDY OF LINGUISTICALLY "MIXED" FAMILIES IN CATALONIA, SPAIN:
		Scholars from Weinreich (1964) to Woolard (1982, 1984) and O'Donnell (1986, 1988) have defined, redefined, and attempted to measure the prestige of various languages.
		The kinds of information I obtain relate to linguistic normalization, language prestige, and the role of the "mixed" marriage in the evolution of Catalan.
		Formal prestige relates to a language's value for social advance (see Weinreich 1964: 78), while informal prestige involves what Fishman (1965: 70) calls its value as a symbol of "group membership," or solidarity.
	tell.fll.purdue.edu /RLA-Archive/1989/SpanishHart-html/O'Donnell-FF.htm (2921 words)

	Chapter 11, Linguistics 210, UIUC
		Why is it difficult for linguists to be certain where the major dialect boundaries are situated in long-settled areas?
		Dialect leveling, dialect spread, discontinuous spread, every word has its own history, focal area, hypercorrection, isogloss, migration and dialect, prestige, relic area, shibboleth, systematic nature of linguistic change, transition area
		In the state there are three separate dialects: North Midland, Midland, and South Midland.
	www.linguistics.uiuc.edu /hhhock/210/chapter11.html (905 words)

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