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Topic: Priapulid

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	Priapulid Characteristics
		Priapulids are quite small, ranging from about 0.55 millimeters long to about 20 centimeters long.
		The basic body form of a priapulid consists of a trunk, a collar, a caudal appendage, and an eversible proboscis called an introvert.
		Thus the priapulid is able to pull its prey into its gut.
	classes.seattleu.edu /biology/biol235/hodin/nematodePriapulidGroup/priapulid/characteristics.htm (166 words)

	Literaturliste der Priapulida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(Sporozoa, Coccidiomorpha) - a parasite of priapulids mid-gut.
		Murina, G.-V. (1978): On the sipunculids and priapulids fauna of the southern Pacific.
		Murina, V. (1971): On occurence of deepsee sipunculids and priapulids in the Kurile-Kamchatka trench [in russisch].
	www.gwdg.de /~clembur/prialit2.htm (12456 words)

	Marine Invertebrates - Priapulids (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The cylindrical priapulid body, ranging in length from 0.5 mm to 30 cm, is covered by a thin cuticle, which is divided into three regions: a tube-like proboscis, a trunk, and a tail-like caudal appendage.
		Priapulids move through the sediment by pushing and pulling their body along with the help of layered muscles.
		Small priapulids are thought to be deposit feeders, consuming bacteria, but large species feed on soft-bodied invertebrates, such as polychaete worms and other priapulids.
	www.arctic.uoguelph.ca /cpl/organisms/inverts/marine_inverts/priapulids.htm (227 words)

	M33.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At least one species feeds on organic detritus (a deposit feeder), and another lives in a tube and captures prey in a trap made up of specialized spines.
		The relationships between Priapulids and the other phyla are unknown.
		Priapulids are dioecious (or gonochoristic, - having separate sexes).
	www.meer.org /M33.htm (181 words)

	The Cactus Worms (Phylum Priapula)
		The body cavity of priapulids is a true coelom, or a pseudocoelom, depending on which authority you consult.
		However despite this adult Priapulids are not good at moving and have great difficulty burrowing back into the mud if removed from it.
		Priapulids are all believed to be predators feeding on smaller worms they find in the mud, but some species such as those in the recently discovered order Seticoconaria live sedentary lives and have a crown of stiff tentacle-like spines, and may therefore feed on anything that falls into this crown.
	www.earthlife.net /inverts/priapula.html (842 words)

	Introduction to the Cephalorhyncha
		Now these organisms are grouped with the nematodes and arthropods based on a set of shared characters including the presence of a cuticle and the fact that they periodically shed their cuticle in a process called ecdysis.
		In fact, priapulids and arthropods are the most common complex animal fossils from this Cambrian locality, and make their appearance in the fossil record as early as most of the first-known members of various major animal groups.
		Larger priapulids primarily inhabit cold waters at hish latitudes, where they hunt for polychaete worms.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /phyla/ecdysozoa/cephalorhyncha (549 words)

	OEDILF
		Priapulids burrow tail-first into the sea floor with their mouth-parts exposed.
		A priapulid feeds by everting its gut, fastening onto soft-bodied prey, and then pulling gut and prey back down into its buried body.
		Lagan (sometimes spelled ligen or lagend) is a term from salvage law referring to goods that have sunk to the sea floor but are marked for recovery.
	www.oedilf.com /db/Lim.php?Quote=37902&Popup=1 (260 words)

	National Museum of Natural History - Paleobiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These traits have passed on for today the priapulid worms are still active carnivores.
		Because of its bottom living habit and the "hazardous" location of the Burgess Shale site at the foot of a lofty limestone reef, one may presume Ottoia's relative immobility placed it in danger of being carried away and/or buried by any underwater mud avalanche from the cliff top.
		Priapulid, after Priapus, the mythical god of male procreative power.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /paleo/shale/pottoia.htm (324 words)

	AutomaticCloud: Priapulid
		Sometimes considered a class of the phylum Aschelminthes, priapulids are perhaps best considered to be a very small phylum with no clear relationship to any other.
		The largest of the priapulids are 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches) long and inhabit
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	automaticcloud.blogspot.com /2004/10/priapulid.html (73 words)

	Rare Priapulid Worm Fossil
		Rare Priapulid Worm Fossil with Gut Trace and Proboscis
		This priapulid worm, Selkirkia sp., is a rare fossil in that it has the gut trace and the proboscis well preserved.
		Priapulid worms are among the fossils found in the
	www.fossilmuseum.net /Cambrian-Explosion/Selkirkia/SB018.htm (151 words)

	Phylum Priapulida
		Priapulid worms are weird anyway you look at them.
		The name priapulid comes from Priapos, the Greek god of reproduction and means penis in greek.
		Priapulids have an evertable introvert and proboscis that they extrude during feeding to capture prey.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/322/IZLecture18.htm (1170 words)

	The Burgess Shale
		Both priapulid and annelid worms lived in the Burgess Shale.
		Priapulid worms are short worms that grasp prey with a proboscis.
		Unlike Ottoia, Selkirka was a priapulid with its body encased in a tube.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /cambrian/burgessnew.html (3928 words)

	Priapulid Worm fossil Chengjiang
		The diversity of soft-tissue fossils is astonishing: algae, medusiforms, sponges, priapulids, annelid-like worms, echinoderms, arthropods (including trilobites), hemichordates, chordates, and the first agnathan fish make up just a small fraction of the total.
		Numerous problematic forms are known as well, some of which may have represented failed attempts at diversity that did not persist to the present day.
		The priapulids are a group of non-segmented worms whose modern-day examples can reach 30 cm in length, and live in both shallow and deep marine sands as carnivores.
	www.fossilmuseum.net /Fossil_Sites/Chengjiang/Sicyophorus-rarus/Sicyophorus.htm (214 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ottoia was a priapulid worm about 80 mm in length.
		It was one of the largest and most abundant of the worms found in the Burgess Shale.
		Cannibalism, common in priapulids today, was observed in Ottoia as well.
	park.org /Canada/Museum/burgessshale/worms.html (140 words)

	Molecular biologists prune branches from the animal family tree
		She and Carroll decoded the Hox genes of a priapulid, a little-known marine worm of enigmatic evolutionary heritage, which looks like a small, squishy feather duster.
		Animals that molt, such as crustaceans, insects, roundworms, and priapulids, now sit together on a second branch.
		A third branch holds brachiopods, earthworms, polychaetes, mollusks, and flatworms, each of which either has a feathery feeding structure or a special larval stage.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-06/HHMI-Mbpb-240699.php (729 words)

	EXCEPTIONAL FOSSIL PRESERVATION IN THE CONASAUGA FORMATION, MIDDLE CAMBRIAN OF WESTERN GEORGIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Exceptional preservation is also evident in preserved gills of a large ptychopariid trilobite, Glyphaspis capella, and hyolithids retaining helens and other delicate structures.
		Trace fossils include a string of oriented Haplophrentis tests in a siliceous concretion, interpreted as a priapulid coprolite.
		Several fossils show algal or bacterial overgrowths, suggesting that a partial cause of exceptional preservation is biological inhibition.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_40003.htm (314 words)

	InfoHub - Cricocosima jinningensis
		Morris has discovered data indicating that Cricocosima is most likely a palaeoscolecid (priapulid or close relative).
		Morris has pointed out that the evertible proboscis of the Cricocosima fossils found in China is like that of priapulids.
		In paleontology updates of data on fossilized remains are very common.
	www.infohub.com /forums/printthread.php?t=5159 (394 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page : P/PR/PRI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The causative mechanisms are poorly understood but involve complex neurological and vascular..
		Priapulida Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Subkingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Priapulida Priapulida (priapulid worms, or penis worms) are a phylum of marine worms with an extensible spiny proboscis.
		In Greek mythology, Priapus was a fertility god, protector of livestock, fruit plants, gardens and male genitalia.
	www.wikien.info /browse.php?title=P/PR/PRI (11191 words)

	ABUNDANCE-BASED PALEOECOLOGY OF THE EARLY CAMBRIAN MAOTIANSHAN SHALE BIOTA: ECOLOGIC DOMINANCE OF PRIAPULID WORMS
		Initial results reveal that the three most abundant genera comprise 43.2% of all specimens: the tube-dwelling priapulid worm Paraselkirkia (16.0%), the diminutive priapulid worm Protopriapulites (14.3%), and the brachiopod Heliomedusa (12.9%).
		The priapulids, however, are easily the most abundant phylum, comprising 43.2% of all specimens in the biota.
		Because of their sheer abundance, this study indicates that priapulid worms exerted more influence on energy flow and community structure than other phyla in this particular trophic web.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_93730.htm (509 words)

	Page Title
		According to modern paleontology, most of the known phyla were already represented in the Cambrian period, 570-505 million years ago.
		The multicellular priapulid worms were already diverse, fossils of annelid worm are present, also sponges, coelenterates, arthropods, trilobites, and crustaceans.
		Air-breathing scorpions are found in the Silurian period, 410-435 million years ago.
	www.ubfellowship.org /archive/newsletters/innerface/vol11_4/page17.html (581 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The generality of this observation needs to be tested in other groups, and the priapulid worms provide a well-documented example.
		Cladistic analysis of morphological characters for priapulids reveals a paraphyletic series of Cambrian taxa below a crown-group of post-Cambrian genera.
		However, one extant family (the Tubiluchidae) may be more closely related to Cambrian forms or resolve basally.
	www.uic.edu /orgs/paleo/24-2/Pb242Wil.htm (239 words)

	A visit to the Burgess Shale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While we were at the quarry there was a paleontological crew from the Tyrell Museum in Alberta camped within the flat clearing a few hundred metres below.
		One of the more common of the Burgess Shale organisms was this burrowing priapulid worm Ottoia.
		Ottoia lived in the mud with its head near to the surface, and was ready to reach out and grab any small creatures crawling by.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~earles/burgess (1360 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for priapulid
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "priapulid" at HighBeam.
		Distinctive cytoskeletal organization in erythrocytes of the cold-seep Vesicomyid clam, Calyptogena kilmeri.
		More information is at your fingertips at HighBeam Research:
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=priapulid (61 words)

	DLESE description of Chengjiang
		With a wealth of different taxa that was never expected for the Early Cambrian, it is said to be the most spectacular paleontologic discovery since the Burgess Shale of British Columbia and one of the most important fossil archives known so far.
		After information on stratigraphy and preservation, the site contains a discussion of the fossil assemblages which include diverse algae, medusiform metazoans, chondrophorines, sponges, chancelloriids, sea anemones, priapulid worms, hyoliths, possible ectoprocts, inarticulate brachiopods, annelid-like animals, lobopodians, trilobites and non-trilobitic arthropods, hemichordates and probable earliest chordates.
		The site also discusses the fine preservation which offers the opportunity to learn more about the morphology of these early creatures.
	www.dlese.org /dds/view_resource.do?description=DLESE-000-000-005-230 (178 words)

	Priapulida
		Smithsonian Institution Press, Washingthon, D.C. Bruton, D. A death assemblage of priapulid worms from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale.
		Hox genes in brachiopods and priapulids and protostome evolution.
		Information about priapulid systematics, synonyms, biogeography and references.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Priapulida&contgroup=Bilateria (274 words)

	Burgess Shale fossils
		Tuzoia is particulary common in the Raymond quarry, where this photo was taken.
		It was carnivorous, and probably lived in a burrow like modern priapulids.
		This specimen has been wetted and oriented to reflect the light, in order to show a delicate irridescent film which preserves details of muscle bands, the gut, and even the small hooks at one end of the worm (on the right -- unfortunately out of focus).
	www.geo.ucalgary.ca /~macrae/Burgess_Shale (1498 words)

	Priapulid Worm Fossil
		Size (25.4 mm = 1 inch): 26 mm on 67 by 59 mm matrix
		Priapulid worms are among the fossils found in the Burgess shale, and ancestors are still extant today, though not diverse.
		They are as biologically complex as arthropods, and are thus important in the Cambrian fossil record.
	www.fossilmall.com /UncleDarwin/CambrianExplosion/CE04/CE04.htm (168 words)

	Amazon.com: Gistologicheskaia organizatsiia kishechnykh epiteliev priapulid, brakhiopod, dvustvorchatykh molliuskov i ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This item is not eligible for Amazon Prime, but over a million other items are.
		I own the rights to this title and would like to make it available again through Amazon.
		Gistologicheskaia organizatsiia kishechnykh epiteliev priapulid, brakhiopod, dvustvorchatykh molliuskov i polikhet (Unknown Binding)
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/5020257966?v=glance (286 words)

	The Sea Slug Forum - Re: 'Sea Cucumbers' in Korea
		The Sea Slug Forum - Re: 'Sea Cucumbers' in Korea
		Kae-Bul are priapulid worms, and fit exactly the description you give.
		Pusan is one of the few places where they're eaten as a pretty regular dish.
	www.seaslugforum.net /display.cfm?id=8440 (94 words)

	Welcome To The Nematode / Priapulid Home Page
		Welcome To The Nematode / Priapulid Home Page
		Welcome to the Nematode and Priapulid Group Home Page.
		Although these invertebrates may be small to the eye, their contribution to science and the on going research of these foreign worlds will always amaze scientists.
	classes.seattleu.edu /biology/biol235/hodin/nematodePriapulidGroup/index.html (74 words)

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