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Topic: Priapulida

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Loricifera

Pogonophora

Gastrotrich

Placozoa

Acanthocephala

Gnathostomulida

Mollusca

Kinorhyncha

Rotifer

Animal

Nematoda

Ctenophore

Annelida

Earthworm

Jellyfish

	Literaturliste der Priapulida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Aarnio, K.; Bonsdorff, E. and Norkko, A. (1998): Role of Halicryptus spinulosus (Priapulida) in structuring meiofauna and settling macrofauna.
		Adrianov, A. and Reunov, A. (1992): Spermatogenesis in genus Halicryptus (Priapulida: Priapulomorpha).
		Lemburg, C. (1995): Ultrastructure of sense organs and receptor cells of the neck and lorica of the Halicryptus spinulosus larva (Priapulida).
	wwwuser.gwdg.de /~clembur/prialit2.htm (12456 words)

	Alphabetical list of published papers with abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Subphylum Eucephalorhyncha includes the classes Louisellida (MiddleCambrian only), Priapulida (with Middle Cambrian Ottoia and Selkirkia, Carboniferous Priapulites and several recent genera), Loricifera (considered to be neotenic group), Kinorhyncha, and Nematomorpha, the most advanced group, where only larvae retain the structure of headproboscis worm.
		A scheme of phylogenetic relationships within Priapulida and a revised classification of the class are proposed.
		Modified diagnoses of species of the macrobenthic family Priapulidae, ecological notes on all species, and a key to adult representatives of the family are given.
	www.zin.ru /journals/zsr/publ_list.asp (1558 words)

	AN EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEMATOMORPHA
		The phyla Loricifera and Priapulida are related and may be grouped in a single taxon.
		In a related article by Kristensen (2000), Kinorhyncha, Priapulida and Loricifera are shown to all have chitin in the procuticle, an outer covering found in some organisms.
		Priapulida, for example, consist of unsegmented, bilaterally symmetrical worms with a cylindrical body (Wallace, 2000).
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Journal/Vol10/number1/WPC.htm (2196 words)

	Guide to Animal Names
		1996, Peterson & Eernisse 2001: Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida
		1998, Peterson & Eernisse 2001: Arthropoda, Chaetognatha, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Onychophora, Priapulida, Tardigrada
		Peterson & Eernisse 2001: Annelida, Arthropoda, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Chaetognatha, Cycliophora, Entoprocta, Gastrotricha, Gnathostomulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Mollusca, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Nemertea, Onychophora, Phoronida, Platyhelminthes, Priapulida, Rotifera, Sipuncula, Tardigrada
	tolweb.org /notes/?note_id=55 (1225 words)

	Animal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Traditionally the Arthropoda - the largest animal phylum including insects, spiders, crabs, and kin - and two small phyla closely related to it, the Onychophora and Tardigrada, have been considered close relatives of the Annelida on account of their common segmented body plan (the Articulata hypothesis).
		This relationship is now in doubt, and it appears that instead they belong with various pseudocoeolomate worms - the Nematoda (roundworms), Nematomorpha (horsehair worms), Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, and Priapulida - which share with them ecdysis and several other characteristics.
		There are various pseudocoelomate protostomes that are hard to classify because of their small size and reduced structure.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/a/an/animal.html (1419 words)

	Priapulida - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Priapulida phylum consisting of 17 species of predatory, unsegmented marine worms that live in the sand and mud at the sea bottom.
		This would determine if priapulids are coelomates or pseudocoelomates.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Priapulida" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-priapuli.html (326 words)

	Homepage von Christian Lemburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ebenfalls für alle Arten der Priapulida habe ich die weltweite Verbreitung aus den zahlreichen Publikationen zusammengefaßt und in übersichtlichen Grafiken abgebildet.
		Da auch die Priapulida neuerdings allgegenwärtig als Priapula "verballhornt" werden, scheint es an der Zeit eine Lanze für die Beibehaltung alteingebürgerter, valider Taxonnamen zu brechen.
		Priapulida versus Priapula - einige Anmerkungen über die Verwendung des "richtigen" Taxonnamens.
	wwwuser.gwdg.de /~clembur/welcome.htm (476 words)

	Sample Processing: Major Taxa
		Some animals, such as the larvae of some macrofaunal species, are referred to as temporary meiofauna, as they are part of the meiobenthos for only a part of their life-cycle.
		Priapulida larvae (figure M) also have a retractible anterior with spines, but the body is armoured with longitudinal plates.
		Foraminifera (figure N) are not metazoa, as they are unicellular animals, but their tests are often found in meiobenthic samples and occur in a variety of forms.
	web.pml.ac.uk /nematode/sample/majortaxa.htm (529 words)

	Introduction to the "Aschelminth" Phyla
		Priapulida -- priapulid worms; 16 species known, abut half microscopic
		Fossil nematodes are occasionally found in amber (fossilized tree resin) from the Cenozoic, but possible fossil nematodes have been found in older rocks of the middle Paleozoic.
		The oldest known "aschelminth" phylum is the Priapulida.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /aschelminthes/aschelminthes.html (941 words)

	articulata
		comparisons of gene sequences suggest that all molting taxa (Panarthropoda, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera) are related in a monophyletic taxon Ecdysozoa.
		An examination of the characters supporting Articulata reveals that only segmentation with a teloblastic segment formation and the existence of segmental coelomic cavities with nephridia support the Articulata while all other characters are modified or reduced in the panarthropod lineage.
		Trilayered cuticle of the larva of Halicryptus spinulosis (Priapulida) in the neck region.
	chuma.cas.usf.edu /~garey/articulata.html (622 words)

	Digital Zoology: Priapula
		There are only a dozen or so species in the phylum Priapulida and all are marine animals with most living in the bottom sediments of shallow coastal waters to the abyssal depths.
		In the morphological interpretation, the introvert with scalids and a nerve ring may be evidence enough for a single phylum, the Cephaloryncha.
		There is no common name for the priapulids and that may be related to Priapulida being derived from Priapos, the Greek god of reproduction symbolized by a rather large penis--it may explain why the usual literal translation isn't used as a common name for these worms!
	salinella.bio.uottawa.ca /digitalzoology/Priapuli/default.php?Pria_Pria_Readabout.htm??E?Md1ChapterMcp1?Md1Ch1SectionMcp1 (630 words)

	Hitch Hiking Worms
		They occur in most seas, both tropical and polar, at a variety of depths, from shallow coastal waters to as far down as 7,200 metres.
		The name Priapulida refers to the fact that the scientists who first named them thought they looked like a human penis, however they look more like some species of cacti and it would not be unreasonable to use the term Cactus Worms as their common name.
		All known species are marine and benthic (meaning they live in or on the sea floor).
	home2.pacific.net.ph /~sweetyummy42/hitchworms.html (2323 words)

	Chengjiang
		The phylum Nematomorpha has been attributed to the genus Cricocosmia which has a long proboscis armed with spines.
		Some scientists ally it with the Priapulida (priapulid worms), and others with the paleoscolcid worms, indicative of the fact that the taxonomy of members of this fauna is still in a state of flux.
		The Priapulida are represented by Paleopriapulites, Acosmia, Paraselkirkia, and others.
	www.fossilmall.com /Science/Sites/Chengjiang/Chengjiang.htm (1808 words)

	MavicaNET - Priapulids (Priapulida) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Κατάλογος / Κουλτούρα / Επιστήμη / Βιολογία / Organism Biology / Zoology / Invertebrate Zoology / Priapulids (Priapulida)
		The phylogeny of living organisms has changed dramatically in the past few years.
		The Priapulida are benthic, worm-like animals commonly found in cooler marine environments.
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/ell/7269.html (422 words)

	Palaeopriapulites parvus Chengjiang Biota
		Phylum Cephaloryncha or Phylum Priapulida, depending on convention
		Description: This is one of the more rare members of the Priapulida is known as Palaeopriapulites parvus.
		The diversity of soft-tissue fossils is astonishing: algae, medusiforms, sponges, priapulids, annelid-like worms, echinoderms, arthropods (including trilobites), hemichordates, chordates, and the first agnathan fish make up just a small fraction of the total.
	www.fossilmuseum.net /fossils/Worms/Palaeopriapulites-parvus/Palaeopriapulites.htm (218 words)

	Lab 3 – Ecdysozoa (7 phyla)
		Priapulida – The Priapulida are marine worms that burrow in sediments.
		Classification: The Priapulida are divided into three families: Maccabeidae, Priapulidae, and Tubiluchidae.
		Priapulida on the Tree of Life web site
	online.sfsu.edu /~jrblair/biol170/lab/Laboratory-3.htm (968 words)

	Juan Saldarriaga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Diplom-Thesis: Electron-microscopical, biochemical and molecular biological investigations on the biology of the Priapulida, under the supervision of Prof.
		Saldarriaga, J.F. and Storch, V. Coccidian intestinal parasites in the Priapulidae (Priapulida).
		Saldarriaga, J.F., Voss-Foucart, M.-F., Compère, P., Goffinet, G., Storch, V. and Jeuniaux C. 1995: Quantitave estimation of chitin and proteins in the cuticle of five species of Priapulida.
	www.botany.ubc.ca /keeling/JS.html (702 words)

	Inter Research » MEPS » v163 » p145-153
		Role of Halicryptus spinulosus (Priapulida) in structuring meiofauna and settling macrofauna
		Key words: Halicryptus spinulosus · Priapulida · Meiofauna · Macrofauna · Macoma balthica · Recruitment · Predation · Disturbance
		This site will look much better in a browser that supports web standards, but is accessible to any browser and/or Internet device.
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/meps/v163/p145-153 (274 words)

	Publications-BIOICE
		Quantitative estimation of chitin and proteins in the cuticle of five species of Priapulida.
		Scanning and transmission electronic microscopic analysis of the introvert of Priapulopsis australis and Priapulopsis bicaudatus (Priapulida).
		Allozymes characterize sibling species of bipolar Priapulida (Priapulus, Priapulopsis).
	www.zmuc.dk /InverWeb/staff/Ole_S_Tendal/ost_pub_BIOICE.htm (1413 words)

	Introduction to the Cephalorhyncha
		Additionally, neither the Kinorhycha nor Loricifera have any fossil record.
		So you might be asking yourself, "Why is there a whole page about this group on a site devoted to paleontology?" The answer lies in the fossil record of the third group, the Priapulida.
		Though there are only about 16 species of priapulid worm today, quite a number of fossils of the carnivorous priapulid Ottoia have been found in the Burgess Shale.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /phyla/ecdysozoa/cephalorhyncha.html (549 words)

	Priapulida - The Oxford American College Dictionary - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Priapulida - The Oxford American College Dictionary - HighBeam Research
		Get Alerts and RSS Feeds related to this term.
		Pri·ap·u·li·da / ˌprīəˈpyoōlədə / Zoology a small phylum of burrowing wormlike marine invertebrates.
	highbeam.com /doc/1O997:priapulida/Priapulida+.html?refid=ency_botnm (63 words)

	BIO3324 Invertebrate Zoology: Lectures
		BIO3334 - Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha and Loricifera: Alpha-chitin, Collagen, Convergent evolution, Cuticle, Definitive host, Direct development, Ecdysozoa, Eucoleomate, Eutely, Hemerythrin, Hemocoel, Hemolymph, Hydrostatic skeleton, Indirect development, Intermediate host, Introvert, Lorica, Meiofauna, Pseudocoelomate, Scalids, Syncytium, Triradiate pharynx, Zonites.
		Tree of Life - Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha and Loricifera
		Museum of Paleontology, University of California Berkley - Aschelminthes (No longer used): Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha and Loricifera
	salinella.bio.uottawa.ca /BIO3334/lectures/default.php?3334_lct16_NemaOthr.php??E?Md2ChapterMcp1 (1025 words)

	: Zoology/Phylum_Priapulida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Phylum Priapulida - Limited information, link to a line drawing.
		I don’t think they know what it means!
		Rotifera to Entoprocta; Priapulida - A very thorough outline describing priapulid characteristics.
	www.mhhe.com /links/pages/Zoology/Phylum_Priapulida (52 words)

	Links SQL: Biological Science/Plants Animals and The Environment/Zoology/Phylum Priapulida
		Links SQL: Biological Science/Plants Animals and The Environment/Zoology/Phylum Priapulida
		Home : Biological Science : Plants Animals and The Environment : Zoology : Phylum Priapulida
		Interesting that Toyota is now making a car named Prius.
	www.mhhe.com /links/1253/1249/1178/777/index.html (69 words)

	Bilateria
		Click on an image to view larger version and data in a new window
		]Deuterostomia" title="Deuterostomia"> ]Arthropoda" title="Arthropoda"> ]Onychophora" title="Onychophora"> ]Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada"> ]Nematoda" title="Nematoda"> ]Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha"> ]Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha"> ]Loricifera" title="Loricifera"> ]Priapulida" title="Priapulida"> ]Chaetognatha" title="Chaetognatha"> ]Gastrotricha" title="Gastrotricha"> ]Rotifera" title="Rotifera"> ]Gnathostomulida" title="Gnathostomulida"> ]Micrognathozoa" title="Micrognathozoa"> ]Cycliophora" title="Cycliophora"> ]Mesozoa" title="Mesozoa"> ]Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes"> ]Annelida" title="Annelida"> ]Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa"> ]Sipuncula" title="Sipuncula"> ]Mollusca" title="Mollusca"> ]Nemertea" title="Nemertea"> ]Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta"> ]Phoronida" title="Phoronida"> ]Brachiopoda" title="Brachiopoda">
		This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Bilateria&contgroup=Animals (1778 words)

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