
	Where results make sense

Topic: Price fixing

	Price Fixing, Bid Rigging and Market Allocation Schemes
		Price fixing, bid rigging, and other forms of collusion are illegal and are subject to criminal prosecution by the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice.
		Price fixing, bid rigging, and other collusive agreements can be established either by direct evidence, such as the testimony of a participant, or by circumstantial evidence, such as suspicious bid patterns, travel and expense reports, telephone records, and business diary entries.
		Price fixing is an agreement among competitors to raise, fix, or otherwise maintain the price at which their goods or services are sold.
	www.usdoj.gov /atr/public/guidelines/primer-ncu.htm (2124 words)

	Price fixing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Price fixing is illegal in Australia under the Trade Practices Act, the provisions of which are broadly similar to the US and Canadian prohibitions.
		When the agreement to control price is sanctioned by a multilateral treaty or is entered by sovereign nations as opposed to individual firms, the cartel may be protected from lawsuits and criminal antitrust prosecution.
		International airline tickets have their prices fixed by agreement with the IATA, a practice for which there is a specific exemption in antitrust law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Price_fixing (1206 words)

	Monopoly - Price Fixing
		Price fixing represents an attempt by suppliers within a market to control supply and fix price at a level close to the level we would expect from a monopoly.
		To fix prices, the producers in the market must be able to exert control over supply.
		This price is agreed among the members of the cartel and market supply is allocated on the basis of a quota system.
	www.tutor2u.net /economics/content/topics/monopoly/price_fixing.htm (607 words)

	With "Vertical" Maximum-Price Fixing No Longer Per Se Unlawful, Pricing Opportunities Throughout the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Horizontal price fixing (i.e., agreements among competitors to fix the prices at which their competing products will be sold) is per se illegal under the antitrust laws, and indeed is a felony.
		A vertical agreement to set maximum prices in these circumstances might be considered an agreement to set prices among competing entities (i.e., a horizontal price fixing agreement) and therefore be deemed illegal.
		To engage in a price squeeze, a seller must have monopoly power over the relevant market at the first level of distribution and must be in competition with its customers on the second.
	www.chadbourne.com /Memo/VerticalPriceFixing.htm (1961 words)

	Price-Fixing - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Price-Fixing, setting prices by government regulation or by agreement among sellers rather than by free operation of the laws of supply and demand.
		Fixed Cost, cost that does not vary directly with output but remains constant.
		Thus a study of the achievements accomplished in 1941 and the problems faced in 1942 in this...
	encarta.msn.com /Price-Fixing.html (144 words)

	VERTICAL PRICE FIXING
		Horizontal price fixing is an obvious violation of anti-trust statutes.
		In the case of vertical price fixing, the firm merely attempts to do what it could if it integrated into the retailing business, i.e.
		Vertical price fixing could be a surface manifestation of a 'below the surface' horizontal price fixing conspiracy.
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~sauerr/classes/309/vertpfix.htm (826 words)

	Techdirt: Eliot Spitzer Investigating Digital Music Price Fixing
		We have price fixing when all (or a relevant portions of) the providers of some goods agree to set a price higher than necessary for their goods, preventing consumers (and resellers alike) to find the best deal, because they are all the same high price.
		Price fixing implies that there could be competition on prices that is actually prevented because of the behind-the-scenes agreement of the producers.
		Price fixing, as an illegal practice, has an impact only when price has an impact on the final decision on buying one specific brand over the competition.
	www.techdirt.com /articles/20051223/203253.shtml (2770 words)

	Price fixing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Price fixing agreements do not have to be in writing: they can be a 'wink and a nod', made over a drink in the local pub, at an association meeting or at a social occasion.
		The important point is not how the agreement was made or even how effective it is, but that competitors are working out their prices collectively and not individually.
		Price fixing is a per se offence—that is, no matter what the effect is on competition in a market, price fixing agreements between competitors are illegal.
	www.accc.gov.au /content/index.phtml/itemId/322980/fromItemId/6129 (171 words)

	Horizontal Price-Fixing in Cyberspace
		Where it is difficult to identify a consensus high price outcome without making explicit, interfirm commitments, parties may be discouraged by the practical difficulty of keeping a coordinated agreement going as well as by the threat of criminal sanctions against overtly conspiratorial behavior.
		In practice the features of the computer-communicated price records that conveyed offers and acceptances had little value to consumers and sometimes were not even available either to the ticket-buying public or to travel agents, the most sophisticated non-airline users of the information.
		Business students are taught explicitly how to put prices up to where they would be if they were conspiring with their competitors, but in a way that makes it difficult for courts to infer an agreement so they will not land in jail.
	www.ftc.gov /speeches/other/confbd4.htm (5610 words)

	The Price Fixing "Solution"
		Their purpose, as in price fixing by private parties, is to transfer wealth from victims to the politically powerful, or drive low-cost competitors out of the market.
		Once again, the price fixers have a wonderful solution: pass a law requiring the pharmaceutical companies to sell their drugs at lower prices.
		Government price fixing today is different from the corporate price fixing made illegal 110 years ago, but just as destructive of a free society.
	www.ethanallen.org /commentary.php?commentary_id=196 (536 words)

	USATODAY.com - States settle CD price-fixing case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Attorneys general in the two states, who were joined in the lawsuit by 39 other states, said that the industry kept consumer CD prices artificially high between 1995 and 2000 with a practice known as "minimum-advertised pricing" (MAP).
		They had slashed CD prices, below cost in some cases, in the hope that once consumers were in their stores they would buy other, more expensive products.
		Retailers added that they needed support to keep prices up because their rents, particularly for stores in malls, were higher than the discount chains.
	www.usatoday.com /life/music/news/2002-09-30-cd-settlement_x.htm (491 words)

	Price-Fixing on Gasoline: Control Yourself
		The answer is not to set limits on wholesale prices, as Hawaii is attempting to do, and it's certainly not to enact a system of price controls for oil and gas like the federal government did in the 1970s.
		Then, rather than lifting the price controls, government tried to fix the problem by imposing allocation controls.
		Gas lines appear, and, since the price at the pump is not controlled, prices spike.
	www.heritage.org /Press/Commentary/ed091205b.cfm (640 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Nintendo fined for price fixing
		The firm and seven distributors have been found guilty by commission anti-trust officials of attempting to keep prices artificially high in some EU states between 1991 and 1998.
		The fines follow a two-year probe by the commission into claims that Nintendo prevented distributors from selling goods from low-cost countries in states where prices were higher.
		Prices of Nintendo products were up to 65% higher in Germany or the Netherlands than in Britain.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/2375967.stm (359 words)

	Vitamin Price Fixing Lawsuits
		The vitamins involved in the cartels price fixing action were vitamin C for human consumption, vitamin A and E used in animal feed, vitamin D3, B1, B2, B5, B6, biotin (H), folic acid (M), beta carotene and carotenoids.
		In the United States a settlement in the amount of $225 million was reached in the decade-long vitamin price fixing suit brought against 6 of the world's largest vitamin producing companies by consumers, businesses and governments in 21 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
		The price fixing had been going on for nearly a decade and involved the price fixing of the raw vitamin blends of most food items.
	www.therubins.com /legal/vitamsuit.htm (1254 words)

	States target record labels with price-fixing suit \| CNET News.com
		That issue was settled in May when the record labels agreed to drop their controversial pricing agreements with retailers.
		The states have not yet set a price tag on their suit, however.
		The major labels have already agreed to drop the minimum pricing agreements with retailers for at least seven years, as a result of their settlement with the FTC.
	news.com.com /2100-1023-244195.html?legacy=cnet (646 words)

	CNN.com - Tech company to plead guilty to price fixing - Sep 15, 2004
		CNN.com - Tech company to plead guilty to price fixing - Sep 15, 2004
		Tech company to plead guilty to price fixing
		Officials said some computer makers were forced to increase product prices because of the conspiracy, while others decreased the amount of memory used in some products.
	www.cnn.com /2004/LAW/09/15/tech.price.fixing/index.html (383 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Music groups settle on CD price-fixing
		The case was launched in the US in August 2000 as a lawsuit supported by most US states alleging that the music industry had artificially inflated CD prices between 1995 and 2000.
		New York attorney general Eliot Spitzer described the case as "a landmark settlement to address years of illegal price fixing".
		Nonetheless, the music groups agreed to ban the MAP pricing policy in 2000 for seven years.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/2289224.stm (354 words)

	Oligopoly Watch
		Settled oligopolies should not have to act as cartels, fixing prices by meeting in secret.
		As we've pointed out, in most oligopolies signaling prices is sufficient, and eliminates the need to conspire and leave a paper trail.
		In 2002, the British Department of Health sued a cartels of six generic drug makers for fixing prices on two of the most frequently prescribed drugs, namely the blood-thinning drug Warfarin and various penicillin drugs.
	www.oligopolywatch.com /2003/05/26.html (627 words)

	OAG: Price Fixing and Bid Rigging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Price fixing and bid rigging occur when competitors agree to set prices for goods or services.
		OAG has an ongoing program to educate District employees about price fixing and bid rigging, carried out in cooperation with the US Department of Justice, Antitrust Division.
		Why is it important for District employees and residents to be alert for price fixing and bid rigging?
	occ.dc.gov /occ/cwp/view,a,1223,q,531303.asp (254 words)

	California Pool Contractors Settle FTC Charges
		In addition, the complaint charges that they engaged in a variety of boycott and price-raising efforts designed to eliminate local owner-builders, whom they considered to be the main threat to their price-fixing conspiracy.
		The subcontractors allegedly also were told to raise the price of services provided to home construction developers by 25 percent, in an attempt to ensure that these jobs would be given to association members as well.
		According to the Commission, some contractors substantially increased the prices charged to consumers in Bakersfield as a result of the conspiracy.
	www.ftc.gov /opa/1999/08/south.pools.htm (727 words)

	Air Cargo Price Fixing Freight Antitrust
		Investigators are focusing on whether these companies colluded to fix prices on surcharges for fuel, security and insurance.
		Price fixing activity in the United States is a criminal offense and can result in prison terms, while in the EU companies face fines that are capped at 10 per cent of annual turnover.
		More than a dozen airlines around the world had their offices searched or were otherwise contacted by U.S. and EU investigators probing the possibility of illegal price fixing in the air cargo business.
	www.yourlawyer.com /topics/overview/Air_Cargo_Price_Fixing (764 words)

	Lieff Cabraser: Vitamins Price-Fixing Antitrust Litigation
		On May 20, 1999, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that two companies and one executive agreed to plead guilty to charges of fixing the prices of vitamins A, B2, B5, C, E and beta carotene.
		The executives were charged with fixing the prices and allocating sales of vitamin B4 (choline chloride).
		Lonza AG agreed to plead guilty to fixing the price and allocating sales of vitamin B3 (niacin and niacinamide).
	www.lieffcabraser.com /vitamins.htm (471 words)

	WorldNetDaily: Russia, Venezuela push for oil-price fixing
		Russia, one of the world's largest oil producers, and Venezuela, the nation currently heading the OPEC oil cartel, have agreed upon a "New World Order" to work toward "fixing a price for oil," according to official Russian sources.
		Moscow described the summit as a "significant event," and emphasized the importance of oil-price fixing discussed by the two leaders.
		In the U.S., the Bush administration and, separately, members of the Democratic Party are presenting proposals to offset high oil and gas prices, which are significantly affected by OPEC's pricing structure.
	www.worldnetdaily.com /news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=22836 (627 words)

	DRAM price fixing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		US computer makers, including Dell and Gateway, claimed that inflated DRAM pricing was causing lost profits and hindering their effectiveness in the marketplace.
		In October of 2004, four executives from Infineon were each sentenced to 4 to 6 months in jail, and fined $250,000.
		After the four were sentenced, Scott D. Hammond, the Director of Criminal Enforcement for the DoJ Antitrust Division, said, "These four executives are the first to plead guilty to a charge of fixing prices in what is still a very active and far-reaching investigation into antitrust violations in the DRAM industry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/DRAM_price_fixing (373 words)

	Price Fixing at E-Rackets.com
		Sometimes referred to as “resale price maintenance,” the illegal, anti-competitive practice of vertical price fixing is illustrated by the following example:
		And for those who do sell rackets at prices below the price dictated by the manufacturer’s MAP policy, they are forbidden to advertise the price, and in some cases, forbidden to advertise that they even carry the product.
		Recently, when we decided to lower prices on a line of rackets, the manufacturer actually filed a lawsuit attempting to block us from selling the rackets.
	e-rackets.com /store/pricefixing.html (747 words)

	[No title]
		I don't know about you, but I got my ~$12 check from the RIAA last year as part of the massive price fixing settlement between the music industry and the states.
		Wal-Mart is one of the chains that uses CDs as a loss leader, so when the feds found that MAPS was another just word for "illegal price fixing" Wal-Mart went right back to its loss-leading ways.
		If this happens and CD sales go up, then it'll be yet more proof that the folks who're responsible for the current state of the music industry are myopic fools who should be tarred and feathered, or forced to watch MTV for a few hours, or some other such horrible punishment.
	arstechnica.com /news.ars/post/20041014-4313.html (393 words)

	Rambus: We Were Price-Fixing Target
		A cache of newly released e-mail messages shows those companies shared information on pricing and suggests their actions were motivated by a desire to shove a Rambus-backed technology out of the market.
		Micron Technology (MU) Samsung, and Hynix Semiconductor have already admitted to conspiracy to fix prices on computer memory chips during a period starting in 1999 and ending in 2002.
		The suit alleges that Micron, Hynix, Samsung, and Infineon Technologies (IFX) colluded to fix prices on computer memory chips from 1999 to 2002 in such a way as to drive a type of chip on which Rambus held many patents out of the market.
	www.businessweek.com /technology/content/jun2006/tc20060601_714385.htm (1320 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)