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Topic: Primary auditory cortex

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	Cerebral cortex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Golgi-stained neurons in the somatosensory cortex of the macaque monkey.
		The senses of vision, audition and touch are served by the primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex and primary somatosensory cortex.
		Thus, the cortex is commonly described as comprised of the primary sensory areas, the motor areas and the association areas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cortex_(neuroanatomy) (1648 words)

	Primary auditory cortex - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		The primary auditory cortex is the region of the brain that is responsible for processing of auditory (sound) information.
		The auditory cortex is involved in tasks such as identifying and segregating auditory "objects" and identifying the location of a sound in space.
		It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally-defined temporal region of cerebral cortex, occupying the anterior transverse temporal gyrus (H) in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Primary_auditory_cortex (714 words)

	'Bat-n-man'
		The auditory cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex that receives the auditory radiation from the medial geniculate body and has a spatial arrangement of structures such that certain tone frequencies are transmitted, as in the auditory pathway.
		To expose the auditory cortex, the head was held in a bite bar, a midline incision was made in the scalp, and the muscles over the dorsal surface of the skull were reflected to the sides.
		A systematic representation of frequency is present in the primary auditory cortices of all mammals studied, suggesting that it provides a fundamental organizing substrate on which other attributes of sound are mapped.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-02/aps-021102.php (1216 words)

	Auditory Neuroscience Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Frequency-tuning in 46 high-firing single-units from primary auditory cortex of ketamine-anesthetized cats was studied separately for isolated- spike firing and burst-spike firing.
		This study was designed to explore a potential representation of sound azimuth in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of the cat by the relative latencies of a population of neurons.
		We studied the effects of prolonged auditory deprivation in children in whom auditory stimulation was restored by a cochlear implant.
	www.psych.ucalgary.ca /BN/AN-Lab/Recent.html (6424 words)

	Primary auditory cortex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Damage to primary auditory cortex in humans leads to a loss of any 'awareness' of sound, but an ability to react reflexively to sounds remains as there is a great deal of subcortical processing in the auditory brainstem and midbrain.
		The primary auditory cortex is tonotopically organized, which means that certain cells in the auditory cortex are sensitive to specific frequencies.
		The rostromedial prefrontal cortex is a subsection of the medial prefrontal cortex, which projects to the amygdala, and is thought to aid in the inhibition of negative emotion (14).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Primary_auditory_cortex (1660 words)

	Primary motor cortex - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki
		The primary motor area is a group of networked cells in mammalian brains that controls movements of specific body parts associated with cell groups in that area of the brain.
		There is a precise somatotopic representation of the different body parts in the primary motor cortex, with the leg area located medially (close to the midline), and the head and face area located laterally on the convex side of the cerebral hemisphere (motor homunculus).
		In humans, the lateral area of the posterior prefrontal cortex (the side toward the back) is arranged from top to bottom in areas that correspond to the buttocks, torso, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, thumb, eyelids, lips and jaw.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Primary_motor_cortex (993 words)

	ICMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This research investigates the use of ICMS (intra-cortical micro-stimulation) in primary auditory cortex as a means of generating auditory perception.
		Preliminary studies using ICMS in visual and somatosensory cortex and auditory brainstem are highly encouraging, but very little research has been conducted in primary auditory cortex.
		The studies conducted in primary auditory cortex have not demonstrated conclusively that ICMS in primary auditory cortex (A1) results in auditory percepts.
	faculty-staff.ou.edu /R/Robert.L.Rennaker-1.II/ICMS.htm (1134 words)

	Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary
		We investigate plasticity of the auditory cortex after peripheral lesions (induced by noise trauma) and after intracortical electrical stimulation, using the kindling paradigm.
		In addition plasticity of human auditory cortex after sudden unilateral deafness is investigated using combined fMRI and evoked potential recording.
		Auditory cortex: towards a synthesis of human and animal research.
	www.ucalgary.ca /uofc/faculties/medicine/PHBI/faculty_eggermont.html (826 words)

	Sensory Input Directs Spatial and Temporal Plasticity in Primary Auditory Cortex -- Kilgard et al. 86 (1): 326 -- ...
		Induction of receptive field plasticity in the auditory cortex of the guinea pig during instrumental avoidance conditioning.
		Induction of a physiological memory in the cerebral cortex by stimulation of the nucleus basalis.
		Induction of long-term receptive field plasticity in the auditory cortex of the waking guinea pig by stimulation of the nucleus basalis.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/86/1/326 (7721 words)

	Auditory System: Anatomic Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Auditory Cortex in the Sylvian Fissure of the Temporal Lobe
		However in an attempt to remain focused on the human auditory system, this section will focus on the classical connectivity and histology which is likely to be found in human neocortex.
		From layer III, auditory information diverges to several different locations including other layers of AI, contralateral AI (via corpus callosum), other primary auditory cortex layers I, II, IV and V. Layers V and VI project out of the auditory cortex.
	serous.med.buffalo.edu /hearing/auditory_cortex.html (296 words)

	"Information resources on ferrets"
		Responses to linear and logarithmic frequency-modulated sweeps in ferret primary auditory cortex.
		Auditory brainstem projections to the ferret superior colliculus: Anatomical contribution to the neural coding of sound azmith.
		Influence of callosal activity on units in the auditory cortex of ferret (Mustela putorius).
	www.nal.usda.gov /awic/pubs/ferrets/auditory.htm (636 words)

	ScienceWeek
		Two outstanding features of the cerebral cortex are its capacity for self-organization ("self-wiring") and its plasticity (in general, the ability of specific loci to alter function in response to previous experience).
		The authors suggest their results indicate that although without afferent input the auditory cortex remains rudimentary, this deficiency can be overcome by reafferentation (i.e, rewiring of input) to the deprived auditory channel by substitution of the missing cochlear activity.
		The authors suggest a similar recruitment (i.e., organized activation) of the auditory cortex is likely to be the basis of demonstrated hearing acquisition in prelingually deaf human infants after early cochlear implantation.
	scienceweek.com /2003/sc031003-6.htm (972 words)

	NEUROSCIENCE : Christoph Shreiner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To delineate the organizational principles in the central auditory representation of complex signals, we have chosen to analyze spectro-temporal receptive fields with dynamic noise-like stimuli, animal vocalizations and speech.
		We study their distributions in the auditory midbrain, the auditroy thalamus, and the auditory cortex.
		From the emerging selective representations of those sound classes in the cortex we can infer in animal models some of the principles that underlie the central manifestation of well known psychophysical attributes such as pitch, loudness, timbre, as well as that of speech perception attributes, e.g.
	www.ucsf.edu /neurosc/faculty/neuro_schreiner.html (561 words)

	The Cerebral Cortex
		Clinical and experimental data confirms this for a portion of the limbic forebrain: in animals, lesions of the orbitofrontal and temperopolar cortex, and of the amygdala, are associated with changes in emotional behavior.
		the hippocampus and adjacent temporal cortex (entorhinal and perirhinal cortex).
		Auditory signals are processed by Heschl's gyrus (primary auditory cortex), and phonemic analysis probably takes place in the adjacent auditory association cortex (Wernicke's area).
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/neuro/review/cc.html (1468 words)

	Sequence Sensitivity of Neurons in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex -- Brosch and Schreiner 10 (12): 1155 -- Cerebral Cortex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		SOAs observed in the auditory cortex of non-echolocating mammals.
		Fitzpatrick DC, Kanwal JS, Butman JA, Suga N (1993) Combination-sensitive neurons in the primary auditory cortex of the mustached bat.
		Tsuzuki K, Suga N (1988) Combination-sensitive neurons in ventro-anterior area of the auditory cortex of the mustached bat.
	cercor.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/12/1155 (7889 words)

	Functional Asymmetry for Auditory Processing in Human Primary Auditory Cortex -- Devlin et al. 23 (37): 11516 -- ...
		primary and nonprimary auditory cortices and the medial geniculate
		Brugge JF, Merzenich MM (1973) Responses of neurons in auditory cortex of the macaque monkey to monaural and binaural stimulation.
		In: The mammalian auditory pathway: neurophysiology (Popper AN, Fay RR, eds), pp 232-334.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/37/11516 (4668 words)

	Disruption of primary auditory cortex by synchronous auditory inputs during a critical period -- Zhang et al. 99 (4): ...
		Disruption of primary auditory cortex by synchronous auditory inputs during a critical period -- Zhang et al.
		Disruption of primary auditory cortex by synchronous auditory inputs during a critical period
		of the auditory cortex are shown in Fig.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/4/2309 (4494 words)

	Auditory Cortex
		With the general goal of contributing to the understanding of neuronal plasticity, we have generated a model of experience-dependent plasticity in the primary auditory cortex of adult rats.
		Our findings indicated that the map of the auditory cortex region (tonotopic map as shown below) of the rat gets rearranged as a result of exposure to noise; the colors indicate regions that perceive highest to lowest frequencies of sound.
		We are in process of investigating whether the altered auditory map can return to normal when the animals re-experience a normal acoustic environment.
	www.nsi.edu /index.php?page=xi_auditory_cortex (271 words)

	Univ. Maryland, Dept. Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medicine, Didier Depireux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The response of cells to these ripples, together with the response to response to combinations of orthogonal ripples are analyzed by data analysis methods based on systems theory, which yield auditory units' response fields and fully characterize the linear part of their spectra l and temporal properties.
		These methods are founded on the assumption that the auditory responses are linear with respect to the stimulus spectral envelope and its dynamics.
		More generally, however, they will place auditory cortical processing within the larger framework of visual and other sensory processing in the brain because of the abstract nature of the stimuli and of the theoretical concepts behind them.
	neurobiology.umaryland.edu /depireux.htm (525 words)

	Environmental and training-induced plasticity in primary auditory cortex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The effects of enrichment on the processing of auditory cortex neurons are not known.
		Changes in spectral and temporal responses from primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons of enriched rats were compared to responses from rats in standard conditions using multi-unit recordings.
		The next study was designed to document the effects of auditory discrimination training on responses from auditory cortex neurons.
	epublish.utdallas.edu /dissertations/AAI3138688 (413 words)

	Norman M. Weinberger
		We focus on the primary auditory cortex because acoustic stimuli are easily to manipulate and most neurophysiological research on sensory systems involves this structure.
		The auditory cortex appears to be a locus of RF plasticity because the auditory thalamus does not exhibit these memory characteristics.
		The Amygdala and Auditory Memory — In collaborative studies with the laboratory of James L. McGaugh, we are studying the role of the amygdala in the consolidation of learning-induced auditory plasticity and auditory memory, and its relations to the cholinergic nucleus basalis.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /neurobio/Faculty/Weinberger/weinberger.htm (1645 words)

	Functional MR of the primary auditory cortex: an analysis of pure tone activation and tone discrimination -- Strainer ...
		Functional MR of the primary auditory cortex: an analysis of pure tone activation and tone discrimination -- Strainer et al.
		Functional MR of the primary auditory cortex: an analysis of pure tone activation and tone discrimination
		activation in the primary and secondary auditory cortexes.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/abstract/18/4/601 (681 words)

	News & Headlines: Medial Areas Of Primary Auditory Cortex Are Stimulated By Ultrasound
		Medial Areas Of Primary Auditory Cortex Are Stimulated By Ultrasound
		observed that the medial primary auditory cortex was activated by the aforementioned hearing aids in both normal hearing and profoundly deaf subjects.
		* The medial primary auditory cortex was activated by extra-cochlear stimuli in normal hearing and profoundly deaf subjects
	www.otohns.net /default.asp?id=7218 (280 words)

	Auditory Neuroscience Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		We study electrophysiological measures of auditory functioning and auditory pathology, in particular developmental and maturational aspects of hearing in animals and humans using single nerve cell recordings in animal cortex and evoked potential recordings in humans.
		The interpretation of these data is along lines of general mechanisms of brain functioning, in particular with regard to the correlative nature of such mechanisms.
		Eggermont, J.J. and Geoff M. Smith (1996) Burst-firing sharpens frequency-tuning in primary auditory cortex.
	www.psych.ucalgary.ca /BN/AN-Lab (613 words)

	Monty Escabi / Heather Read Auditory Lab (Projects)
		Project Description: A number of developmental disorders are associated with cortical injury that occurs during the period of neuronal migration to the cortex and leads to areas of focal microgyria and molecular layer glio-neuronal heterotopias.
		Finally, we propose to show the cellular changes in auditory thalamus associated with dyslexia and microgyria are associated with altered organization of layer VI cortico-cortical connections and thalamo-cortical connections.
		Identifying details of auditory cortical organization and specific spectral and temporal processing associated with microgyria in early development should lead to strategies for improved diagnosis and treatment.
	www.engr.uconn.edu /~escabi/impairedCortex.html (438 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience, 3, d494-501, May 6, 1998]
		Brugge and M. Merzenich: Responses of neurons in auditory cortex of the macaque monkey to monaural and binaural stimulation.
		Bakin and N. Weinberger: Induction of a physiological memory in the cerebral cortex by stimulation of the nucleus basalis.
		Metherate: Auditory thalamocortical and intracortical synaptic transmission in vitro.
	www.bioscience.org /1998/v3/d/metherat/10.htm (1274 words)

	Optimizing Sound Features for Cortical Neurons -- deCharms et al. 280 (5368): 1439 -- Science
		auditory cortex of the awake primate have complex patterns of
		Response linearity in primary auditory cortex of the ferret.
		Responses of Neurons in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex to Bird Chirps: Effects of Temporal and Spectral Context.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/280/5368/1439 (863 words)

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