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Topic: Primary boycott

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Secondary boycott

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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Labour Unions (Moral Aspects)
		The primary boycott is carried on against a person with whom the boycotters have had a dispute; the secondary against some person who refuses to join in the primary boycott.
		morality of the primary boycott depends upon the grievance that the boycotters have against the boycotted, and the extent to which, and the means by which it is prosecuted.
		After all, the boycott does not differ essentially from the strike, which is also a concerted refusal of intercourse.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08724a.htm (4939 words)

	Boycott - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A boycott is a refusal to buy, sell, or otherwise trade with an individual or business who is generally believed by the participants in the boycott to be doing something morally wrong.
		Boycott, an agent of Lord Erne in County Mayo, was unable to hire anyone to harvest his crops.
		After the harvest, the boycott was successfully continued and on December 1, 1880 Captain Boycott left his agency and, with his family, retired to England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boycott (897 words)

	Community Tool Box - Tools
		This use of a boycott as an end in itself is especially common in a case of David vs. Goliath--that is, when the group organizing the boycott feels they may be able to make a small difference, but they probably won't be able to change the policies of a much more powerful corporation.
		Boycotts might ask the company to develop more environmentally-friendly containers for their products; to force them to treat employees better; or to do a variety of other things.
		Primary boycotts are legal in the United States and Canada, as well as in many other parts of the world.
	ctb.ku.edu /tools/EN/sub_section_main_1264.htm (4265 words)

	Boycott Watch - False Nike Shoe Ad - More Than Just a Sick Joke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The email the photo is attached to calls for a boycott of Nike in protest of the ad, which is presumed by the senders to have been made by Nike, but it was not.
		In 1994, the Central Office for the Boycott of Israel, an official arm of the Arab League, dropped secondary boycotts in the light of a new global economy.
		Boycott Watch must therefore conclude that the ad is in support of the Arab boycott of Israel.
	www.boycottwatch.org /misc/nike-01.htm (726 words)

	Boycott Microsoft
		A great many reasons could be stated for allowing Boycott Microsoft to fall into suspended animation, but the most salient is that my life has become unmanageably busy over the last year or so.
		Something had to go, I decided, and Boycott Microsoft, as one of the principal drains on my time, energy and resources for many years, was the most expendable.
		Boycott Microsoft was begun in the days when critiquing Microsoft was not regarded as a legitimate form of free expression, and media critics were nearly nonexistent.
	www.vcnet.com /bms (548 words)

	boycott. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The practice was named (1880) after Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott, an English land agent in Ireland whose ruthlessness in evicting tenants led his employees to refuse all cooperation with him and his family.
		A typical example of a primary boycott is the refusal of aggrieved employees and their supporters to purchase the goods or services of an employer.
		A secondary boycott occurs when the aggrieved party attempts either to boycott a third party or to coerce it into joining an ongoing boycott.
	www.bartleby.com /65/bo/boycott.html (311 words)

	Boycott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The boycott was popularized by Charles Stewart Parnell during the Irish land agitation of 1880 to protest high rents and land evictions.
		U.S. law distinguishes between primary and secondary labour boycotts: a primary boycott is the refusal of employees to purchase the goods or services of their employers, and a secondary boycott involves an attempt to induce third parties to refuse to patronize the employer.
		Boycotts have also been employed by a nation or a group of nations, or by an international organization to influence or protest the policies or actions of another country.
	www.freeserbia.net /Boycott.html (623 words)

	The Jewish Journal Of Greater Los Angeles
		Since 1948, the Arab League has enforced a triple-level boycott aimed at isolating the Jewish state: Through economic warfare, it has targeted Israel and Israeli businesses in a primary boycott, companies that did business with Israel or Israeli companies in a secondary boycott and, finally, companies that deal with businesses on the secondary boycott list.
		...Such boycotts are misguided and should be opposed in favour of constructive initiatives." In the end, boycotts effectively isolate their targets and withdraw the boycotter from the opportunity for future dialogue.
		Boycotts — which by their very nature rule out dialogue — are not democratic tools.
	www.jewishjournal.com /home/preview.php?id=9126 (932 words)

	EducationGuardian.co.uk \| News crumb \| Primary school tests boycott causes unease
		Sidegate primary school, its 1940s buildings set sturdily on the leafy outskirts of Ipswich, is not a community much used to disruption.
		The union's leadership must make clear the reasons for the boycott, the deputy head believes, and reassure parents that the action does not mean their children will not be taught.
		Whether parents back the boycott remains to be seen; there is some survey evidence that parents are increasingly concerned at the stress caused to their children - particularly seven-year-olds - through testing.
	education.guardian.co.uk /schools/story/0,5500,1097491,00.html (924 words)

	The Cincinnati Post
		Organizers are expanding a boycott against Cincinnati to include the planned National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, and asking others to stay away from the city until their demands are met.
		Boycott leaders noted that more than $1.6 billion has been spent or is planned to build attractions like new sports stadiums and the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center while many inner-city neighborhoods are crumbling.
		Although boycott leaders had hoped that high-profile figures such as the Rev. Jesse Jackson or presidential candidate Al Sharpton would attend the forum, neither was present.
	www.cincypost.com /2003/04/08/boycot040803.html (773 words)

	The Daily Californian
		A primary boycott prohibiting direct dealing with Israel continues to operate in many states, although the Palestinian Authority officially disavowed the boycott.
		The original boycott was xenophobic in that it represented a political and economic strategy to contain, isolate, monitor and eventually destroy what it perceived as an alien presence.
		A boycott was a weapon to eliminate an "artificial" presence that had no right to exist.
	www.dailycal.org /particle.php?id=8330 (639 words)

	Primary boycott Information
		A primary boycott occurs when a union or other political or community organization encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the products of a firm involved in a labor or political dispute.
		Primary boycotts generally occur during labor negotiations and are a way for a union to either get management to the negotiating table or to help the union press for its demands.
		Beginning in California in the 1960s the United Farmworkers Union, led by Cesar Chavez, conducted a series of boycotts of table grapes and iceberg lettuce and some California wine as a part of an effort to gain bargaining recognition from California's agribusiness industry.
	www.bookrags.com /Primary_boycott (119 words)

	THE ARAB LEAGUE NATIONAL TRADE ESTIMATE - 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Boycott offices of Arab League states are supposed to meet in Damascus twice a year to consider adding foreign firms to (or removing foreign firms from) the fllist.
		While the boycott is no longer an issue in most Arab League countries, it remains a substantive impediment to doing business in those countries which still rigidly impose its terms.
		Boycott compliance requests most often reflect obsolete references in procurement or import documents, or a reluctance to make overt changes in document templates, rather than official policy.
	www.mac.doc.gov /tcc/data/commerce_html/countries/Countries/ArabLeague/NationalTrade/2000/countryreport.html (934 words)

	The Academic Boycott Against Israel - Manfred Gerstenfeld
		An ongoing boycott is characterized by efforts that continue until the counterpart is brought to its knees.
		Its major lesson is: "take the boycotters on one by one and expose them as racists who discriminate against people because of their country of origin." This effort should be shared by as many organizations as possible.
		Furthermore, the academic boycott attempts and other discriminatory actions against Israel are likely to be indicators and precursors of a long-lasting general reassessment of issues such as free speech, academic freedom, uncontrolled campus extremism including incitement to violence, university autonomy, the politicization of science, and the discrepancy in norms between academia and society at large.
	www.jcpa.org /phas/phas-gersten-f03.htm (18875 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Education \| Teachers reject boycott of tests
		Although a majority of teachers who voted supported a boycott, the turn-out was too low for action to go ahead.
		Mr Clarke has said there is a "clear moral purpose" behind the tests and that to boycott them would amount to a "gross betrayal of children".
		Despite the lack of support for a boycott, the NUT says that teachers are still opposed to the tests - and suggest that the way is now open for a broader coalition of teachers' unions against the tests.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/education/3323803.stm (557 words)

	Hartford Fire Ins. v. California, 509 U.S. 764 (1993). (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		According to the complaints, the object of the conspiracies was to force certain primary insurers (insurers who sell insurance directly to consumers) to change the terms of their standard CGL insurance policies to conform with the policies the defendant insurers wanted to sell.
		The four primary insurers convinced these individuals and entities, the reinsurers, to put pressure on ISO and its members by refusing to reinsure coverages written on the ISO CGL forms until the desired changes were made.
		If the encouragement of the four primary insurers played no role in the reinsurers' decision to act as they did, then it is difficult to see how one could describe the reinsurers as acting at the behest of the primary insurers, an element I find crucial to the §3(b) boycott alleged here.
	straylight.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/91-1111.ZO.html (8096 words)

	Arabs Threaten to Step Up Economic Boycott of Israel
		The boycott was put on the agenda of the March 26, Arab League meeting in Amman, Jordan.
		However, it is evident that despite Israel’s great effort to reach peace with her Arab neighbors at the negotiating table, many Arab countries and organizations continue to cling to the economic boycott as a mode of warfare against the Jewish state.
		At this time, two years before the establishment of the State of Israel, the boycott was aimed at preventing the continued growth of Jewish settlement in Mandate-era Palestine by boycotting the goods and services produced by Jews in the region.
	www.adl.org /israel/boycott.asp (1343 words)

	news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Twenty-five Arab boycott activists and researchers will take part in the two-day conference, the first joint action by the Arab League, non-government organisations and committees of the Arab boycott and anti-normalisation with Israel.
		Two years before the establishment of Israel, the boycott was aimed at preventing the continued growth of Jewish settlements in Mandate-era Palestine by boycotting the goods and services produced by Jews in the region.
		The primary boycott prohibited Arab peoples, states, and companies from dealing with Israel or Israelis, and made it illegal for Arabs to enter into contracts with Israelis.
	www.boycottusa.org /boycott_news_5may_gulfnews.htm (588 words)

	F L A M E : The Arab Boycott of Israel: Does it give any clues to Arab intention?
		The primary damage of the boycott to the Israeli economy is that it prevents or considerably hampers investments in the country.
		It is estimated that because of the boycott, Israel's commercial exports are at least 10% less than they would otherwise be — a loss of about $1.2 billion per year.
		The boycott is totally unrelated to any territorial dispute the Arabs may have with Israel, since the boycott started over twenty years before any such territories came under Israeli administration.
	www.factsandlogic.org /ad_45.html (840 words)

	The Arab Boycott
		The objective of the boycott has been to isolate Israel from its neighbors and the international community, as well as to deny it trade that might be used to augment its military and economic strength.
		The primary boycott — prohibiting direct relations between Arab countries and Israel — has slowly cracked as nations like Qatar, Oman and Morocco have begun to negotiate deals with Israel.
		During free trade agreement negotiations with Bahrain, Oman and the United Arab Emirates, the status of the boycott was an issue of concern and the countries agreed not to comply with the boycott.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/Arab_boycott.html (1122 words)

	[No title]
		This is a "secondary boycott" case in which the defendant union challenges the district court's finding of an unlawful secondary boycott and the award of $44,547.76 in damages and the plaintiff, Wilhelm Construction, cross-appeals the court's failure to award it more damages.
		We conclude that the district court was correct in its finding of an illegal secondary boycott, but remand the case for an adjustment and recalculation of one element of the damage award.
		Whether the union was motivated by a secondary objective is a question of fact and is to be determined by the totality of the union's conduct under the circumstances.
	www.michbar.org /opinions/us_appeals/2002/061202/15284.doc (3228 words)

	Bahrain ends primary boycott of Israeli goods : Mahmood’s Den
		The secondary and tertiary Israeli goods boycott ended a full 10 years ago by the GCC, and by the provisions of the Bahrain/USA Free Trade Agreement, no boycott can be entered into without a direct order from the UN Security Council.
		He was not rabidly against ending the boycott though, pragmatically he thinks that whatever Arab governments do, the people have been fed so much hatred by their very same governments over decades that there is a huge stigma associated with dealing with Israelies.
		The problem with lifting the boycott on cuba is that all those good republican voting cuban americans in florida would be highly pissed and the republicans need their vote.
	www.mahmood.tv /2005/09/24/Bahrain-ends-primary-boycott-of-Israeli-goods (3945 words)

	Primary boycott - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Primary boycott - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		When a union encourages both its members and the general public not to buy the products of a firm involved in a labor dispute.
		Primary boycotts generally occur during labor negotiations and are a way for a union to either get management to the negotiating table or to help the union press for its demands.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Primary_boycott (101 words)

	primary boycott - Information from Reference.com
		association for price-fixing and primary boycott conduct in breach of the...
		The primary aspect of the boycott prohibits the.
		Monday that his country's primary boycott of Israel is a "matter of national...
	www.reference.com /search?q=primary%20boycott&db=web (260 words)

	boycott on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Vins français Les appels au boycott des produits français aux Etats-Unis, les vins en particulier, en raison du différend.
		SMS sur écran de téléphone portable L'appel au boycott des messages courts (SMS) lancé par UFC-Que Choisir pour protester.
		Un négociant en vin bordelais présente une bouteille de château Margaux Un boycott des vins français et de Bordeaux en par.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/boycott.asp (740 words)

	Arabs Reach for an Economic Weapon
		The meeting was organized by the Central Office for the Boycott of Israel, set up in Damascus 50 years ago by the Arab League with the aim of isolating Israel economically.
		Primary boycott requires member states of the Arab League to refrain from doing business with Israel.
		Syrian delegate Mohammed Ajami said ''officials also agreed on working to expand the boycott to encourage Islamic and European countries sympathetic to the Palestinian cause to adopt similar measures.'' Syria has been the chief advocate of the renewed boycott, with the backing of Iraq and Libya.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines02/0502-04.htm (711 words)

	Primary teachers boycott classes -DAWN - National; January 29, 2003
		DADU, Jan 28: Primary teachers boycotted classes in the district’s seven talukas on Tuesday to protest against officials of the district accounts office.
		The president, Primary Teachers Association (PTA), Dadu, Ghulam Rasool Chandio, had given the call for the protest.
		Talking to the protesters, Chandio alleged officials of the district accounts office were demanding 10 per cent amount of salary, difference, and GP fund from 7,689 primary teachers of the district.
	www.dawn.com /2003/01/29/nat15.htm (269 words)

	HarryTho 11/10 Natalee Holloway Update And Commentary (Much more on the boycott issue) :: Natalee Holloway :: Hyscience
		Because we are aware of the general interest we did not react from the beginning when we concluded that this lady is not serious, certainly when she constantly changes her own version on the case of the disappearance of her daughter.
		Boycotts are restricted to a dispute between the primary parties.
		In Governor Riley's boycott, the primary boycott is restricted to the citizens of the state of Alabama.
	www.hyscience.com /archives/2005/11/harrytho_1110_n.php (6261 words)

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