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Topic: Primary metabolite

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Biosynthesis

Folinic acid

Folic acid

Metabolic pathway

Metabolism

Secondary metabolite

	Secondary metabolite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Typically primary metabolites are found across all species within broad phylogenetic groupings, and are produced using the same pathway (or nearly the same pathway) in all these species.
		Secondary metabolites, by contrast, are often species-specific (or found in only a small set of species in a narrow phylogenetic group), and without these compounds the organism suffers from only a mild impairment, lowered survivability/fecundity, aesthetic differences, or else no change in phenotype at all.
		Since secondary metabolites are often created by modified primary metabolite synthases, or "borrow" substrates of primary metabolite origin, these categories should not be interpreted as saying that all molecules in the category are secondary metabolites (for example the steroid category), but rather that there are secondary metabolites in these categories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Secondary_metabolite (402 words)

	Metabolite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term metabolite is usually restricted to small molecules.
		A primary metabolite is directly involved in the normal growth, development, and reproduction.
		A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has important ecological function.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Metabolite (130 words)

	Deaths of heroin addicts starting methadone maintenance
		The primary objective of this study was to determine any possible differences in the disposition of methadone and the primary metabolite; 2-ethylidine-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (Met 1) in two populations.
		Trace amounts of the primary metabolite were detected in postmortem (PM) blood but not in the PV blood samples.
		The high blood levels of methadone and the lower excretion of metabolite in urine may be as a result of either reduced liver clearance, or induction of microsomal enzymes or genetic polymorphism leading to impaired metabolism in the deceased.
	www.vifm.org /n388.phtml (354 words)

	Metabolically engineered microbial cell with an altered metabolite production - Patent 7018829
		A primary metabolite is any metabolite forming part of a major metabolic pathway shared by a number of comparable microorganisms such as microorganisms within the same species or subspecies.
		When the first metabolite is a secondary metabolite, said secondary metabolite is preferably selected from the group of secondary metabolites consisting of a β-lactam, a polyketide, a terpene, a steroid, a quinone, a coumarin, a flavonoid, an alkaloid, a piperidine, a pyridine, and the like.
		When said first metabolite is a secondary metabolite, said secondary metabolite is preferably selected from the group of secondary metabolites consisting of a β-lactam, a polyketide, a terpene, a steroid, a quinone, a coumarin, a flavonoid, an alkaloid, a piperidine, a pyridine, and the like.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /7018829.html (12968 words)

	Pharmacy Update, March-April 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Neither the primary metabolite of levetiracetam nor levetiracetam undergoes enantiomeric interconversion.
		Renal elimination of the carboxylic acid metabolite of levetiracetam is decreased by coadministration of probenecid.
		The primary measure of effectiveness in all three studies was the mean or median percent reduction in weekly partial seizure frequency during the titration and maintenance periods.
	www.cc.nih.gov /phar/updates/page3-marapr01.html (712 words)

	Mebendazole Drug Information, Professional
		Primarily hepatic; metabolized to inactive amino, hydroxy, and hydroxyamino metabolites; primary metabolite is 2-amino-5-benzoylbenzimidazole.
		Fecal—Approximately 95% excreted unchanged or as the primary metabolite (2-amino derivative) in feces.
		Renal—Approximately 2 to 5% excreted unchanged or as the primary metabolite in urine.
	www.drugs.com /MMX/mebendazole.html (1954 words)

	Arava Prescribing Information - Aventis Pharmaceuticals
		Subsequent analysis of the samples revealed the primary urinary metabolites to be leflunomide glucuronides and an oxanilic acid derivative of M1.
		The active metabolite of leflunomide is eliminated slowly from the plasma.
		However, 4-trifluoromethylaniline (TFMA), a minor metabolite of leflunomide, was mutagenic in the Ames Assay and in the HGPRT Gene Mutation Assay, and was clastogenic in the in vitro Assay for Chromosome Aberrations in the Chinese Hamster Cells.
	products.sanofi-aventis.us /arava/arava.html (6118 words)

	Applied and Environmental Microbiology
		Different metabolites are produced by microorganisms at different stages in their growth cycles
		Primary metabolites are produced throughout the entire growth phase
		Secondary metabolites are produced during the latter part of the log phase and during stationary phase
	auburn.edu /academic/classes/biol/4600/dale/AEM28_files/slide0060.htm (52 words)

	Pharmacological screen for activities of 12-hydroxyibogamine: a primary metabolite of the indole alk
		Pharmacological screen for activities of 12-hydroxyibogamine: a primary metabolite of the indole alkaloid ibogaine.
		A comparison of 12-OH ibogamine to the primary molecular targets identified previously for ibogaine demonstrates that the metabolite has a binding profile that is similar, but not identical to the parent drug.
		The metabolite demonstrated higher affinity at the kappa-1 receptor and lower affinity at the NMDA receptor complex compared to the parent drug.
	www.ibogaine-therapy.net /?PAGE=64 (301 words)

	Drug Summaries - Bureau of Forensic Services (BFS) - California Dept. of Justice - Office of the Attorney General (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It is an inactive metabolite, and may be detected in blood and urine for several days or weeks depending upon the subject's frequency of use.
		NORFLUOXETINE is a psychoactive metabolite of fluoxetine (Prozac®) a non-tricyclic, non-tetracyclic antidepressant.
		IMIPRAMINE (and its primary active metabolites desipramine, which may account for much of the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug) is a tricyclic antidepressant used for the treatment of depression.
	caag.state.ca.us /bfs/toxlab/summ.htm (2320 words)

	Friends Medical Laboratory, Inc. - Methadone Use and Detection as it relates to methadone-maintenance drug treatment
		Methadone and metabolites are primarily excreted in the feces.
		Following a single dose, the metabolite concentration in urine is approximately one half the unchanged concentration.
		In cases where the administration of methadone in not controlled or is itself administered, it is possible for it patient to falsify his or her urine sample by adding a small amount of their methadone dose to a urine sample and selling or otherwise distributing the rest of the dose.
	www.friendslab.com /news_methadone.html (812 words)

	Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifapentine and Its Primary Desacetyl Metabolite in South African Tuberculosis Patients ...
		Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifapentine and Its Primary Desacetyl Metabolite in South African Tuberculosis Patients -- Langdon et al.
		Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifapentine and Its Primary Desacetyl Metabolite in South African Tuberculosis Patients
		The primary metabolic pathways for RFP are deacetylation and
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/49/11/4429 (3608 words)

	Clinical Trial: The Tolerance of HIV-Infected Patients With Herpes Group Virus Infections to Oral Doses of FIAU
		The pyrimidine nucleoside analog FIAC and its primary deaminated uracil metabolite FIAU are highly and specifically active compounds in vitro against several herpes group viruses, particularly herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, varicella zoster (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV), as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV).
		Since FIAU is the primary metabolite of FIAC and the administration of FIAU simplifies the metabolism of FIAC, it is anticipated from clinical studies of FIAC that FIAU will be tolerated at least as well as FIAC.
		Primary or initial infection with herpes simplex (HSV), varicella zoster (VZV), or hepatitis B (HBV).
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00000654 (1038 words)

	Identification of a primary metabolite of ibogaine that targets serotonin transporters and elevates
		Identification of a primary metabolite of ibogaine that targets serotonin transporters and elevates
		Identification of a primary metabolite of ibogaine that targets serotonin transporters and elevates serotonin.
		The effects of the active metabolite on 5-HT transmission may account in part for the potential of ibogaine to interrupt drug-seeking behavior in humans.
	www.ibogaine-therapy.net /?PAGE=67 (260 words)

	Effects of Chlorfenapyr on Adult Birds - USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center
		The parent compound is converted to a metabolite, which functions as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation at mitochondria.The primary, and most toxic, metabolite is the N-dealkylated compound AC 303,268 (Fig.
		A preliminary study is being performed in 2002 to determine appropriate concentrations in feed, the best tissues for histological examination and chemical analysis, and possible biochemical measures of chlorfenapyr exposure; and to compare the effects of technical and formulated chlorfenapyr.
		A portion of the liver is being frozen and saved for chemical analysis for chlofenapyr and the primary metabolite.
	www.pwrc.usgs.gov /resshow/Albers/albers1.htm (990 words)

	Streptomyces - Secondary Metabolism
		Because of this wide spread common observation, one role for secondary metabolites has been postulated as a mechanism by which Streptomyces can assure growth in time of famine at the expense of micro-organisms suppressed by the antibiotic activity of these secondary metabolites.
		We believe that whether the secondary metabolism is tightly regulated and co-ordinated with morphological changes not induced environmentally (Hodgson, 1992), it may not be worthwhile for the cell to maintain and invest in high levels of amino acid metabolism regulation.
		The antibiotic activity of secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces might be an evolution selection consequence of this phenomenon.
	template.bio.warwick.ac.uk /staff/dhodgson/strep/secondary.html (887 words)

	Amiodarone induces apoptosis of human and rat alveolar epithelial cells in vitro -- Bargout et al. 278 (5): 1039 -- AJP ...
		Primary AECs were isolated from adult male Wistar rats as described
		Primary rat AECs were incubated with purified AM or Des at indicated concentrations.
		the induction of apoptosis in primary AECs (Fig.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/5/L1039 (4159 words)

	DYNAMICS OF PEDIOCIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN BATCH FERMENTATION ON WHEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In general, bacteriocins production display primary metabolite kinetics, that is, the rate of production of bacteriocin paralleled with the growth rate.
		In the present work, the pH-dependent primary metabolite kinetic of pediocin biosynthesis is described in whey buffered to initial pH 6.3 using different concentrations of the buffering agent.
		In the same way, when the biosynthesis of a metabolite (primary or secondary) is affected by a factor that does not affect biomass production, Luedeking and Piret model is not adequate to describe the metabolite production [2].
	ejeafche.uvigo.es /1(2)2002/002122002F.htm (1834 words)

	Presence Of THC Metabolite Alone Not Evidence Of Driver Impairment, Court Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the case before the court, the defendant tested positive for the presence of the THC metabolite THC-COOH (a non-psychoactive compound produced during the body's biological process of converting THC into a water soluble form), but maintained that she was unimpaired at the time of her accident.
		The appellate court upheld the trail court's ruling, affirming that marijuana's metabolite is neither psychoactive nor classified as an illegal substance, and that the prosecution had failed to prove a causal relationship between the presence of a controlled substance in the defendant's body and the accident.
		The marijuana metabolite stays in the body for an extended period of time, and the urinalysis is not 100% accurate.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1452983/posts (3565 words)

	Identification of Flurazepam (Dalmane^®) and a Primary Metabolite in Urine by Thin-Layer Chromatography
		) and a Primary Metabolite in Urine by Thin-Layer Chromatography
		This report describes a simple thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method for the qualitative identification of flurazepam in urine based upon the presence of flurazepam and a primary urinary metabolite, 7-chloro-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (FM).
		) and a Primary Metabolite in Urine by Thin-Layer Chromatography Symposium, Committee on
	www.astm.org /JOURNALS/FORENSIC/PAGES/4819.htm (458 words)

	EPA: Pesticides - FOCUS KINETICS: Special Considerations for Metabolites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Flows to sink are initially included for formation of other metabolites (identified or not), bound residues and CO Kinetic model for degradation of precursor(s)
		Metabolite 2: dM2/dt = FP Â· ffM2 Â— FM2
		Add secondary metabolite(s), fit with parent and primary metabolite(s) parameters fixed to values obtained in 3), check flow to sink and simplify if justified
	www.epa.gov /oppefed1/models/water/metabolites.htm (430 words)

	Metabolite
		A primary metabolite is essential for normal growth, development, and reproduction.
		A secondary metabolite is not essential for normal growth, development and reproduction, but usually has important ecological function.
		Lipomics Technologies, Inc., a privately held company that specializes in lipid metabolite analysis and interpretation, today announced that it has been competitively selected to receive a Phase II Small Business Technology Transfer Grant from the Department of Defense to improve the optimum fitness and performance of combat personnel.
	www.mrsci.com /Metabolism/Metabolite.php (453 words)

	The Convex Basis of the Left Null Space of the Stoichiometric Matrix Leads to the Definition of Metabolically ...
		Partitioning the metabolites into primary and secondary allows for classification of metabolic pools.
		In the absence of the secondary and primary metabolite participation in conservation pools, the vectors are classified as Type A and C, respectively.
		The remaining vectors are grouped as Type B pools with both metabolite types present.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/85/1/16 (4365 words)

	Increased Levels of Prostaglandin D2 Suggest Macrophage Activation in Patients With Primary Pulmonary Hypertension -- ...
		Pietra, GG, Edwards, DW, Kay, JM, et al (1989) Histopathology of primary pulmonary hypertension: a qualitative and quantitative study of pulmonary blood vessels from 58 patients in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Registry.
		Wagenvoort, CA, Wagenvoort, N (1970) Primary pulmonary hypertension: a pathologic study of the lung vessels in 156 clinically diagnosed cases.
		Kroegel, C, Matthys, H (1993) Platelet-activating factor-induced human eosinophil activation: generation and release of cyclo-oxygenase metabolites in human blood eosinophils from asthmatics.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/120/5/1639 (2479 words)

	Welcome to AdvancedFamilyHealth.com - Your guide to a successful journey towards wellness!
		Phase I can either convert the toxin to a water soluble form to be excreted either through the bile or urine, or modify the toxin to what is referred to as a primary metabolite.
		Primary metabolites are acted upon by one or more of the several phase II processes.
		If the phase I-generated reactive molecules (primary metabolite) are not transformed into excretable compounds, toxic intermediates can build up.
	www.advancedfamilyhealth.com /detoxpurification.htm (1889 words)

	Question for Sweetjade! - HealthBoards
		Sweetjade I have a question regarding the DHT inhibitors Finasteride and Dutasteride; I've read that the '...primary metabolite of testosterone in the prostate and the skin' is DHT.
		And, if DHT is the primary metabolite of testosterone in the skin, how on earth is it affecting our faces.
		I was led to believe that we have no DHT receptors on our face; this is why men lose the hair on their head, but not their facial hair as a consequence of DHT (DHT receptors are in scalp but not facial tissue).
	healthboards.com /boards/showthread.php?p=1102003&highlight=propecia (1566 words)

	Metabolic profiling of Medicago truncatula cell cultures reveals the effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Secondary metabolites are nearly universally derived from primary
		of secondary metabolites in response to elicitation, the elicitor-induced
		Batz O, Logemann E, Reinold S, Hahlbrock K. Extensive reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism by fungal elicitor or infection in parsley cells.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/56/410/323 (6235 words)

	The Ibogaine Dossier. ICAA 1996.
		SUPPRESSANT EFFECTS OF IBOGAINE AND ITS PRIMARY METABOLITE ON ALCOHOL INTAKE IN THREE STRAINS OF ALCOHOL PREFERRING RATS.
		We also found that noribogaine, a primary ibogaine metabolite which inhibits serotonin uptake, also reduces alcohol intake in P and FH rats.
		These findings suggest that ibogaine may exert its supressant effects on alcohol intake through its primary metabolite by modulating the central serotonergic system which has been implicated in alcohol drinking behaviors.
	www.ibogaine.desk.nl /icaa-amir.html (226 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6934528 - Interaction of iododeoxyuridine and its primary metabolite, iodouracil on radiation response
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Interaction of iododeoxyuridine and its primary metabolite, iodouracil on radiation response
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6934528 (131 words)

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