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Topic: Primary source

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Secondary source

Tertiary source

Legal research

Historiography

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Oral history

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	Primary source - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In political history, the most important primary sources are likely to be documents such as official reports, speeches, letters and diaries by participants, and eyewitness accounts (as by a journalist who was there).
		The accuracy and objectiveness of primary sources is a constant concern for historians.
		Primary sources are often difficult to interpret and may have hidden challenges.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Primary_source (931 words)

	Historical Sources
		Primary sources are interesting to read for their own sake: they give us first hand, you-are-there insights into the past.
		Primary sources serve as the evidence an historian uses in developing an interpretation and in building an argument to support that interpretation.
		You will be using primary sources not only to help you better understand what went on, but also as evidence as you answer questions and develop arguments about the past.
	www.thenagain.info /Classes/Basics/UsingSources.html (1295 words)

	Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources--Library Instruction--BGSU Libraries
		Primary sources are the "materials on a topic upon which subsequent interpretations or studies are based, anything from firsthand documents such as poems, diaries, court records, and interviews to research results generated by experiments, surveys, ethnographies, and so on."*
		Primary sources are records of events as they are first described, without any interpretation or commentary.
		Some secondary sources not only analyze primary sources, but use them to argue a contention or to persuade the reader to hold a certain opinion.
	www.bgsu.edu /colleges/library/infosrv/lue/primary.html (177 words)

	Primary Sources
		Sources provide our means of access to the past and are the raw materials out of which history is made.
		This page (and its companion on secondary sources) are designed to offer helpful suggestions and advice about how to read the two different kinds of sources: primary sources and secondary sources.
		Primary sources are documents, objects, or traces of the past which come from the era being studied.
	homepages.wmich.edu /~rberkhof/studyaids/primarysources.htm (633 words)

	OHS - Resource - Teachers - Primary Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Primary source documents provide unique opportunities for the past to be explored.
		By allowing students to examine primary sources, students can begin to see history as more than a subject with just dates and names that are to be memorized for the next test and then quickly forgotten.
		Primary source - source created by people who actually saw or participated in an event and recorded that event or their reactions to it immediately after the event.
	www.ohiohistory.org /resource/teachers/primary.html (433 words)

	How To Read Primary Sources
		Primary sources support the author’s interpretation of the event, so without primary sources, he or she has no basis to make a conclusion about the past.
		By reading primary sources, students become aware that all history is the author’s interpretation of past events based on his or her own opinions and biases.
		Primary sources humanize history by allowing students to enter the lives of the people about whom history is written.
	www.wisconsinhistory.org /turningpoints/primarysources.asp (2610 words)

	JCU - Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Sources
		Sources of information are generally categorised as primary, secondary or tertiary depending on their originality and their proximity to the source or origin.
		Primary sources for critic studying the literature of the Second World War are different from those for a research scientist investigating a new drug for arthritis.
		The research scientist's primary sources are the results of laboratory tests and the medical records of patients treated with the drug.
	www.library.jcu.edu.au /LibraryGuides/primsrcs.shtml (640 words)

	Teachers: Getting the Most from Primary Source Materials
		A "secondary source" is a summary of history based upon the historical record drawn from artifacts and primary sources.
		Among them is the power of primary sources to unlock for students a genuine interest in history, to stimulate thinking and to encourage the formation of judgments about the past.
		Primary sources, approached critically, can help students build an authentic and complete portrait of the past unlike textbook material that tends to be softened for students through editing.
	www.campsilos.org /sources.shtml (701 words)

	Primary sources: evaluating
		A credible primary source surrogate provides a citation for the source from which it is reproduced.
		For images, source references not found in a caption can often be located in a "credits" section at the end of a book or in the accompanying catalog record of an electronic resource.
		Primary sources exist in too many different forms to present anything but a suggestive list of issues to consider when evaluating how well a surrogate represents an original source.
	ww2.lafayette.edu /~library/guides/primarysources/evaluating.html (1099 words)

	Primary Sources on the Web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Users of primary sources have always needed to examine their sources critically, but now with the proliferation of electronic resources from a wide variety of web site producers, evaluation is more important than ever before.
		Primary sources are original records created at the time historical events occurred or well after events in the form of memoirs and oral histories.
		An electronic version of a primary source can be either a scanned image of the original document (a facsimile) or an ASCII text or word processed version, created by re-keying the content of the document or by using optical character recognition (OCR) to convert the image of the document into text.
	www.lib.washington.edu /subject/History/RUSA (1611 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Secondary sources are 'descriptions of the event derived from and based on primary sources'.
		Primary sources are the direct, uninterpreted records of the subject of your research project.
		Use primary sources to find evidence that challenges these interpretations, or evidence in favor of one scholar's interpretation over that of another; then posit an interpretation of your own, and look for more primary sources for evidence to confirm or refute your thesis.
	www.lib.msu.edu /schaubm1/primary.htm (868 words)

	Library Research Using Primary Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Primary sources enable the researcher to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event or time period.
		Primary sources were either created during the time period being studied, or were created at a later date by a participant in the events being studied (as in the case of memoirs) and they reflect the individual viewpoint of a participant or observer.
		Primary sources may be in their original format or may have been reproduced at a later date in a different format, such as a book, microfilm collection, video, or on the Internet.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /TeachingLib/Guides/PrimarySources.html (2052 words)

	Researching History: Types of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Primary sources are the evidence left behind by participants or observers of a given event or during a particular period of time.
		And finally, primary sources are the evidence used by historians to support an interpretation of the past.
		Secondary sources are accounts of the past created by people writing about events sometime after they happened (this could be a few years later or centuries later).
	www.lib.washington.edu /subject/history/historyday/his.html (895 words)

	UCLA Institute on Primary Resources - Definition of Primary Resources
		Primary sources are defined as "actual records that have survived from the past, such as letters, photographs, articles of clothing." In contrast, secondary sources are accounts of the past created by people writing about events sometime after they happened.
		Primary sources are the evidence left behind by participants or observers.
		The common thread running through the examples is that primary sources of material can be in any form, and are a source of direct evidence that describes or documents an historical event from the perspective of someone who was there.
	ipr.ues.gseis.ucla.edu /info/definition.html (751 words)

	Connecticut History Online - Classroom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A primary source is a record of an event or time period that is of that time.
		The list of potential primary sources is long, and includes, but is not limited to: diaries, newspaper and magazine articles, tape recordings, movies, as well as visual materials such as paintings, maps and photographs.
		Historians and others study primary sources to gain understanding of the past; their published works (including textbooks used in classrooms) are called secondary sources.
	www.cthistoryonline.org /classrm_primsource.html (339 words)

	Primary and Secondary Sources and the Research Process
		Sometimes, the same source might be a primary source for one research paper and a secondary source for another.
		An individual document may be a primary source in one context and a secondary source in another.
		For example, a recent newspaper article is not usually a primary source; but a newspaper article from the 1860’s may be a primary source for civil war research.
	library.albany.edu /usered/basics/primary.html (353 words)

	CSU Libraries: Primary Sources
		Primary sources are directly related to an issue or event.
		When writing a paper about a work of fiction, the novel, play, or poem is your primary source for information; secondary sources (critical studies, etc.) may help explain or interpret the text, but the text itself should be used as the main basis for any proofs and persuasions.
		The LCSH subdivision most useful for identifying primary sources written by individuals (diaries, personal journals, and memoirs) is "personal narrative." Also useful are "diaries" and "correspondence" (for letters).
	manta.library.colostate.edu /howto/primsour.html (401 words)

	Primary Source Resources for History
		The sources contained within are chosen by the librarians for their reliability and authority.
		American Memory is a gateway to rich primary source materials relating to the history and culture of the United States.
		Primary and secondary sources for the study of ancient Greece and Rome
	www.lemoyne.edu /library/resources/primary_sources_history.htm (681 words)

	BU Libraries \| Research Guides \| Primary Sources
		Primary sources are materials that provide direct evidence or firsthand testimony concerning the period or subject under investigation.
		It has always been important for researchers to examine their sources critically but with the increased availability of online sources, it is especially important for users to consider the authenticity of documents and evaluate the provider of those documents.
		Because primary sources vary by discipline, subject research guides compiled by Boston University librarians may be useful in identifying primary sources in a particular subject area.
	www.bu.edu /library/guides/primarysources.html (2216 words)

	Primary sources: definitions
		The definition of a primary source varies depending upon the academic discipline and the context in which it is used.
		In the humanities, a primary source could be defined as something that was created either during the time period being studied or afterward by individuals reflecting on their involvement in the events of that time.
		In the social sciences, the definition of a primary source would be expanded to include numerical data that has been gathered to analyze relationships between people, events, and their environment.
	ww2.lafayette.edu /~library/guides/primarysources/definitions.html (443 words)

	"The Real Thing" A Primary Source WebQuest
		Primary sources are actual records that have survived from the past, such as letters, photographs, articles of clothing, etc.
		Your textbook is an example of a secondary source because the author is writing about events that happened in the past but it may also contain many primary sources.
		Primary sources may be objects (artifacts, tools, weapons, inventions, fashions, uniforms), images (photographs, film, video), audio (oral histories, music, interviews, speeches) or documents (letters, journals, diaries).
	www.lr.k12.nj.us /site/cherokee/webquest/richter/primarysources.htm (467 words)

	Primary Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A primary source is a piece of living history.
		Children are rarely encouraged to use primary sources in their original form because some archivists and teachers question their ability to work effectively with primary sources or they consider children a physical threat to the collections.
		Primary sources teach students that records reflect the personal, social, political, or economic points of view of records creators, and historians (or students) apply their own biases to interpretation of the records.
	www.si.umich.edu /SPIES/lounge-sources.html (615 words)

	Francis Marion University - Academics: Primary Source Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Excellent source for primary documents in the fields of law, history, government, and diplomacy.
		Primary and secondary documents from the medieval period.
		While much of the site can be considered a secondary source, there are links in the "Sources" section of the site that will take you to primary sources related to the battle.
	www.fmarion.edu /academics/primarysourcematerials (1512 words)

	Primary Source Materials & Document Based Questions
		Primary Sources and Activities - This page contains reproducible copies of primary documents from the holdings of the National Archives of the United States, teaching activities correlated to the National History Standards and National Standards for Civics and Government, and cross-curricular connections.
		Using Primary Sources in the Classroom - Suggestions for using a variety of primary sources (tombstones, uniforms,images, art, music, statistics, cookbooks and advertising to name a few)to enhance your social studies curriculum.
		Using Primary Sources on the Web - This brief guide is designed to provide students and researchers with information to help them evaluate the internet sources and the quality of primary materials that can be found online.
	www.kn.pacbell.com /wired/fil/pages/listdocumentpa.html (2296 words)

	Primary Source Investigation
		Primary source materials are often found at home in the form of photographs, letters, diaries, and home movies.
		However, they are not always recognized as being a primary source.
		Primary Source - original works in various media formats such as photographs, drawings, letters, diaries, documents, books, films, posters, play scripts, speeches, songs, sheet music, and first-person accounts that are recorded at the time of an event.
	www.cyberbee.com /yesteryear (162 words)

	UNT Libraries: Digital Projects Unit - Primary Source (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Primary sources give a firsthand account of a historical subject.
		Secondary sources are descriptions of a subject based on primary sources.
		It is possible that the same document can be a primary source in one aspect, and secondary in another.
	www.library.unt.edu /digitalprojects/metadata/primary-source.htm (185 words)

	Primary Sources on the Web (Library Research Using Primary Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Primary source documents from American history starting with Columbus and going through to the Civil Rights Act of 1991.
		It incorporates a narrative and electronic archive of the sources on which the narrative is based.
		Primary source materials on all aspects of the war.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /TeachingLib/Guides/PrimarySourcesOnTheWeb.html (818 words)

	Library of Congress Learning Page: The Historians' Sources: What Are Primary Sources
		Primary sources are actual records that have survived from the past, such as letters, photographs, articles of clothing.
		Secondary sources are accounts of the past created by people writing about events sometime after they happened.
		These clues include both primary and secondary sources in the form of books, personal papers, government documents, letters, oral accounts, diaries, maps, photographs, reports, novels and short stories, artifacts, coins, stamps, and many other things.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/psources/source.html (283 words)

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