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Topic: Primavera (Botticelli)

	Botticelli
		Botticelli was born in Florence, the son of a tanner.
		Botticelli also painted religious subjects, especially panels of the Madonna, such as the Madonna of the Magnificat, Madonna of the Pomegranate, and Coronation of the Virgin, all in the Uffizi, and Madonna and Child with Two Saints.
		In 1481 Botticelli was one of several artists chosen to go to Rome to decorate the walls of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.
	www.mcs.csuhayward.edu /~malek/Botticelli.html (396 words)

	Art Guild Lecture: Mondrian
		Sandro Botticelli, born Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi, is considered one of the leading painters of the Florentine Renaissance.
		Botticelli was born in Florence in 1444, the son of a tanner.
		Botticelli quickly became the favorite painter of the "Medici circle" --a group of patricians, scholars, artists, and poets surrounding Lorenzo the Magnificent, the head of the Medici family, and for all practical purposes, the ruler of the city.
	www.netserves.com /moca/lectures/boobotti.htm (941 words)

	Sandro Botticelli - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Earlier, Botticelli had painted an Assumption of the Virgin for Matteo Palmieri in a chapel at San Pietro Maggiore in which, it was rumored, both the patron who dictated the iconic scheme and the painter who painted it, were guilty of unidentified heresy, a delicate requirement in such a subject.
		Primavera (1478): icon of the springtime renewal of the Florentine Renaissance, also at the Medici villa at Castello, as a kind of pendant to the Birth of Venus.
		Though comparatively few of Botticelli's mythological paintings survive, Primavera epitmizes his use of classical mythology as vehicles to illustrate the sentiments that are actually derived from medieval courtly love.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Botticelli (1867 words)

	Lindentree: Spring in Purgatory: Dante, Botticelli, C. S. Lewis, and a Lost Masterpiece
		Sandro Botticelli painted "Primavera" ("Spring") circa 1478 as a huge (roughly 6' by 10') wall decoration for Villa di Castello, the elegant home of Lorenzo (Lorenzino) di Pierfrancesco, a young member of the Medici family.(6) It appears to depict an odd mixture of figures from ancient Greco-Roman mythology.
		In fact, "Primavera" is not the mysterious and wistful tribute to paganism it is commonly assumed to be.
		From Dante's point of view, there is a kind of triple meaning in Matilda's statement "Here spring is everlasting." Primavera's life on earth was brief, but in the next life she (bearer of the nickname) and her beauty (the meaning of the nickname) and the season (the source of the nickname) are indeed everlasting.
	www.lindentree.org /prima.html (3007 words)

	Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The figure style of Botticelli's teacher, Lippi, was softer and frailer than the sculptural style of Antonio Pollaiuolo and Andrea del Verrocchio, the leading Florentine painters of the 1460s, and under their influence, Botticelli transformed the forms he had learned from Lippi into figures of sculptural roundness and strength.
		Botticelli is the earliest European artist whose paintings of secular historical subjects survive in some number and are equal or superior in importance to his religious paintings.
		Botticelli's earliest known commission of this kind was for the marriage of Antonio Pucci's son Giannozzo in 1483, a set of four panels narrating a story from Boccaccio.
	www.nelepets.com /art/artists/b/Botticelli-bio.htm (2243 words)

	Thais - Botticelli "La Primavera"
		The illiterate Botticelli, if he was that, could however count on the help of Baccio Bandini, the artist, who did the engravings for Hell from his designs and his brother Simone, who possessed a copy of the manuscript of the Divine Comedy
		Primavera (203 x 314 cm, otto tavole di legno di pioppo spesse tre centimetri, legate posteriormente da due traverse di abete) ne avrebbero reso difficile il trasporto a Roma e ritorno.
		Primavera, fiori inseriti solo perché hanno qualcosa da raccontare, e di quelli riferibili alla famiglia Medici o a Firenze abbiamo già parlato.
	www.thais.it /speciali/Primavera/analisi/analisi2.htm (3005 words)

	CDC - EID Journal Vol7No3 Cover
		La Primavera was painted for the Villa di Castello, which was owned by a branch of the Medici family.
		Botticelli's sophisticated understanding of perspective, anatomy, and the humanist debate of the Medici court never overshadowed the poetry of his vision.
		An allegory of life, beauty, and knowledge united by love, La Primavera captures the freshness of an early spring morning, with the light shining through the tall, straight trees, already laden with their golden fruit.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no3/cover.htm (335 words)

	Primavera by BOTTICELLI, Sandro
		This is why it was long assumed that the Primavera (Spring), as the painting continues to be called, was painted for the fourteen year old Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco when the villa was bought.
		The Primavera is, however, special in that it is one of the first surviving paintings from the post-classical period which depicts classical gods almost naked and life-size.
		Botticelli is depicting two separate moments in Ovid's narrative, the erotic pursuit of Chloris by Zephyr and her subsequent transformation into Flora.
	www.wga.hu /html/b/botticel/5allegor/10primav.html (605 words)

	Botticelli's Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Botticelli was Florentine and extremely successful at the peak of his career, with a highly individual and graceful style founded on the rhythmic capabilities of outline.
		Botticelli's two most famous paintings were painted around this time, possibly for Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici.
		Botticelli's first experience with art came about when his mother caught him putting her lipstick on the girl next door; where he then asked her to paint him back.
	www.eagle1.american.edu /~kb4189a/new_page_2.htm (447 words)

	primavera.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Botticelli’s art, into the 1480s, was heavily shaped by the Neo-Platonic philosophy of the Florentine Academy.
		Although male nudes had reappeared in the previous generation with the work of Donatello, it was with Boticelli’s Primavera and The Birth of Venus, that female nudes once again became a proper subject for art.
		Even though the Primavera is one of the most loved works of Western art, the painting is somewhat at odds with the technical interests of the Early Renaissance: the figures are all placed in the foreground, making the pictorial space shallow; and they are only very lightly modeled, and flat-looking.
	www.etsu.edu /philos/classes/rk/earlyrenaissance/htmdescriptionpages/primavera.htm (220 words)

	FS013
		The Primavera one of Botticelli's most famous works, was painted between 1477 and 1478.
		Zirpolo argues the Primavera serves as a symbol of chastity, along with the Pallas and the Centaur, referred to as Camilla and a Satyr in the inventory.
		Zirpolo discussed how Primavera was to serve as a guide to Semiraminde d'Appiani of her expected behavior as a wife and remind her of her lesser role in society.
	f01.middlebury.edu /FS013A/STUDENTS/group5/index.htm (445 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Stylistically, Botticelli acquired from Lippi a repertory of types and compositions, a certain graceful fancifulness in costuming, a linear sense of form, and a partiality to certain paler hues that is still visible even after Botticelli had developed his own strong and resonant colour schemes.
		Lorenzo certainly always favoured Botticelli, as Vasari claims, but even more significant in the painter's career was the lasting friendship and patronage of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, head of the junior Medici line and at first a covert and then from 1494 an open opponent of the senior line.
		Botticelli, according to Vasari, took an enduring interest in the study and interpretation of Dante's Divine Comedy.
	emsh.calarts.edu /alumni/bkeresey/calunnia.html (2218 words)

	Sandro Botticelli biography
		"Botticelli's early years are obscure, but he seems to have been trained in the studio of Filippo Lippi whose style informs his earliest dated work, the Fortitude panel (1470, Florence, Uffizi).
		Many of Botticelli's paintings are undated, but an Adoration of the Magi (Florence, Uffizi) has been dated by modern scholarship to c1475.
		They are the Primavera (c1478) and the Birth of Venus (c1483), both in the Uffizi.
	www.repropaint.com /Botticelli/botticelli.htm (543 words)

	Mythology in Art
		La Primavera is an allegory, which is a fancy way of saying that no art historian has ever been able to develop an interpretation that satisfies all the other scholars.
		In Pallas and the Centaur, Botticelli shows the man-beast (symbol of our base animal nature) held in check by the goddess of wisdom who also holds a club in her other hand just in case.
		In fact a combination of the Venetian style of painting and, the mythological content introduced by Botticelli were to become the most highly regarded of all genres of painting until a little past the midpoint of the 19th century.
	www.artcyclopedia.com /feature-2000-05.html (2455 words)

	La Primavera, "Allegory of Spring" by BOTTICELLI, Sandro
		The new, sharply contoured, slender form and rippling sinuous line that is synonymous with Botticelli was influenced by the brilliant, precise draftsmanship of the Pollaiuolo brothers, who trained not only as painters, but as goldsmiths, engravers, sculptors, and embroidery designers.
		Nothing is more gracious, in lyrical beauty, than Botticelli's mythological paintings Primavera and The Birth of Venus, where the pagan story is taken with reverent seriousness and Venus is the Virgin Mary in another form.
		But it is also significant that no-one has ever agreed on the actual subject of Primavera, and a whole shelf in a library can be taken up with different theories; but though scholars may argue, we need no theories to make Primavera dear to us.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /html/b/botticel/allegory/primaver.html (369 words)

	BOTTICELLI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Botticelli was born in Florence, Italy, in 1445.
		Botticelli was a member of the Medici family.
		Botticelli was the artist of Madonna the Magnificent and the masterly group of the Virgin Enthroned.
	www.yesnet.yk.ca /schools/projects/renaissance/botticelli.html (273 words)

	Botticelli - Renaissance Master Artist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		This is perhaps the most famous of Botticelli's paintings, along with the Birth of Venus.
		Not only is the meaning of the work shrouded in something of a mystery, but so it's the person who commissioned it and exactly where it was housed.
		Botticelli has captured the moment of Chloris' transformation into the Goddess.
	www.myrrhine.net /botticelli/primavera.html (605 words)

	De Armas: Eloquence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Indeed, Hope and McGrath point to Botticelli's Primavera as one of the most noted examples of humanist involvement: Botticelli must have sought advice from humanists for his depiction of the transformation of Chloris into Flora after being ravished by the wind-god Zephyr.
		First, the rusticity of the deities depicted by Botticelli is by no means sufficient to account for the grotesque manner in which the would-be gods are portrayed in chapter ten.
		A move to the twenty first century is a move to terra incognita where knowledge becomes intimately associated with the knower, where the consciousness of the individual exposed to the raptio of "deep aesthetic experience" expands so as to understand the multiplicity and diversity of humanity as a union of contraries.
	www.gc.maricopa.edu /laberinto/fall98/armas.htm (5769 words)

	Three Botticelli Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The three are 'La Primavera' (Spring); 'The Adoration of The Magi'; and 'The Birth of Venus'.
		Spring (“La Primavera”) is a fantasia on several thematic fragments: ecstatic trills and lusty horn calls with rich sylvan associations; a jolly little tune initiated by the bassoon; a bounding ditty in 6/8 meter shared by the assembled ensemble; and an antique-sounding trio for woodwinds.
		Botticelli is best known today for his paintings that have religious and allegorical themes.
	www.music.iastate.edu /Course/471/birds.htm (1724 words)

	Sabbatical art gallery : Medici wing
		Standing in the Botticelli room of the Uffizi, even hemmed in by a throng of admirers, the painting is awesome.
		Giorgio Vasari, among the first to see it upon its rediscovery, named it Primavera, but no one really knows what it was meant to represent, or even who it was painted for.
		Botticelli's nudes are curiously unerotic, unaware of their nakedness, always glancing modestly away from the viewer.
	www.solarnet.org /Travel/art/Firenze.htm (614 words)

	The Concept of Venus-Humanitas in Cervantes as the Key to the Enigma of Botticelli's Primavera, by George Camamis
		In the section on the meaning of the Primavera, we shall observe that the enigmatic composition is essentially one in which the light of the Renaissance invades the dark medieval garden in the form of a glorious and resplendent procession, marking the triumph of the new spirit of humanitas.
		The crucial significance of all this, when we compare this engraving with the Primavera, is that Botticelli has reversed the normal left to right direction of a Spring pageant, involving almost the same deities, because of the extraordinary nature of his procession as an antagonistic invasion of the medieval paradise garden.
		Another important point to note in the Primavera is that Botticelli, in depicting the Renaissance as a pagan procession invading the Virgin's garden, produced that curious and puzzling mingling of classic and medieval imagery.
	www.h-net.org /~cervantes/csa/articf88/camamis.htm (13979 words)

	La Primavera : Botticelli's Mythological Masterpiece - Art History
		Painted in 1482 by Sandro Botticelli, the painting is believed to have been privately commissioned by Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco, a member of the Medici family who hung the painting above a sofa in an anteroom to his bedchamber.
		If you have seen La Primavera in person, you were most likely struck by the beauty of this 7 ft x 10 ft tempera painting on wood in which Botticelli remains true to his style: emphasis on line, elongation of the body, serene facial expression, gracefulness of pose and composition, and delicate coloring.
		La Primavera represents a small segment of time in Renaissance history when artists felt secure enough to risk the displeasure of the Church and create works of art that were based upon pagan themes.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art31091.asp (750 words)

	Books & Culture Corner: Spring in Purgatory: Dante, Botticelli, C.S. Lewis, and a Lost Masterpiece - Christianity Today ...
		Sandro Botticelli painted "Primavera" ("Spring") circa 1478 as a huge (roughly 6' by 10') wall decoration for Villa di Castello, the elegant home of Lorenzo (Lorenzino) di Pierfrancesco, a young member of the Medici family.
		He also claims that Botticelli studied the leading Dante commentary of his day and that one of his friends was a great Dante scholar.
		Botticelli's lavish Divine Comedy drawings were much admired; but the sheepskin had been wrongly prepared, and only faint ghosts of the wonderful drawings remained on the vellum.
	www.christianitytoday.com /ct/2000/106/11.0.html (2998 words)

	Gaia picture and photo gallery
		The Cosmic Spirit (the breath of life, pneuma, prana, in India, or qi, in China) which Botticelli believed to be the driving force of all life, comes into the painting from the right where we see the wind god, Zephyr, breathing this force into the scene.
		The breath of life flows from right to left touching first the wintry earth nymph, Chloris, who, by means of this renewed life-force, transforms into Flora, the nymph of Spring.
		It is a process which, in Botticelli's view, must repeat itself for eternity.
	www.gaiatravel.com /discuss/photos.html (1838 words)

	Alessandro Botticelli - Olga's Gallery
		Alessandro (Sandro) Botticelli was born in Florence in 1444 or 1445, the fourth son of Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, a tanner.
		It is believed that Botticelli was apprenticed as a goldsmith before being sent, probably in the beginning of the 1460s, to Fra Filippo Lippi in order to study painting.
		Since 1470, Botticelli ran his own workshop in Florence and, in 1472, he became a member of the St. Luke's Guild.
	www.abcgallery.com /B/botticelli/botticelli.html (197 words)

	Botticelli Primavera / Triumph of Spring
		What Botticelli was, Spring will tell us; and this work is so significant, its essence expresses the thought of the master so clearly that it has preserved all its charm for us, although its particular meaning is not known to us.
		Nature has donned her richest festal robes; the inanimate things, like the human beings, all speak of love and happiness, and tell us that the master of this world is that little child with bandaged eyes, who amuses himself by shooting his arrows of fire.
		The Primavera represents, with The Birth of Venus and The Adoration of the Magi, the culminating point of Botticelli's art.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/Mythology/Master1.html (1318 words)

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