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Topic: Primordial element

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	The Love and Strife Philosophy of Empedocles
		He was the first philosopher who stated that there are four primordial elements: earth, air, fire and water.
		At one time they [the elements] grew to be alone from being many, and at another they grew apart again to be many from being one.
		Double is the generation of mortal things, double their passing away: one is born and destroyed by the congregation of everything, the other is nurtured and flies apart as they grow apart again.
	www.thebigview.com /greeks/empedocles.html (1283 words)

	Primordial elements - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Primordial elements are chemical elements found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before the earth was formed, according to the big bang theory.
		Hydrogen, helium (both helium-3 and helium-4), most deuterium, and some lithium-7 are examples of primordial elements, but tritium is not.
		All stable isotopes are primordial, as are some radioactive isotopes including thorium-232, uranium-235, uranium-238, potassium-40, and rubidium-87.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Primordial_element (200 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Thus, in a mass of primordial lead, the ratio of the 204 isotope to the others will remain the same, and this ratio will depend on the specific concentration of each of the other isotopes at the time the primordial lead was formed.
		The precision of the potassium-argon method comes from the means it presents for determining the original amount of "daughter element" that was present in the primordial rock, thus eliminating the source of the error in uranium-lead dating.
		The radio- decay rates of an element are determined by the strong and weak nuclear forces, which are in turn regulated by the laws of quantum mechanics, one of the most-verified of all scientific models.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hangar/2437/radiodte.htm (3000 words)

	Wikipedia:WikiProject Elements - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The primary decay products before _-_ are element _ ([[ {element name} ]]) isotopes, and the primary products after are element _ ([[ {element name} ]]) isotopes.
		Their text color is fl for elements that are solid at ambient conditions, green for liquids, and red for gases.
		The templates are: {{element cell}}, {{element cell-1}}, {{element cell-2}}, {{element cell-2b}}, and {{element cell-3}} For some examples of use, see the periodic table (standard), periodic table (big), periodic table (detailed), periodic table (large version), and user:eddideigel/Periodic test.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/WikiProject_Elements (2094 words)

	Audioactive Decay © Copyright 1993 Mario Hilgemeier
		The last string of the primordial elements, 13112221, splits into 131 and 12221; this is indicated by a space.
		The sawtooth-like form of the element abundances when drawn as a function of element number (figure 5) is caused by the decay process.
		Because generally the development is from higher to lower element numbers, and because the total string length grows with each decay step, the higher element numbers in a decay chain are "better fed".
	www.btinternet.com /~se16/mhi/Part1.htm (925 words)

	05/29/04: Dorothy Was A Reap Day Fool
		Dorothy is a Queen (Water elemental), as are all of the witches who each carry a different version of Toto whether it is a wand or a broom.
		Taurus is symbolic of the Water element's form of initiation which opposes and mates with that of Fire in the interest of creating both Air and Earth as primordial progeny.
		The Air elemental capital element of the wand - the "blade of the Fire-elemental knife" so to speak - symbolizes an idea, and that idea consists of circles which symbolize primordial initiation where a line is bent, and Aries is symbolized by a straight line while Taurus is symbolized by a circle - a zero.
	www.mrcranky.com /movies/wizardofoz/48.html (5840 words)

	The Shamballa School, international residential spiritual school
		The four material elements (earth, water, air and fire) are focused in the lower centers, and the three ethereal or ‘mind’ elements are focused in the throat and head.
		Elementals formed through spiritual motivation are karmically uplifting, and those formed from ordinary or primitive motivations (strongly conditioned by egotism and ignorance) are karmically limiting, painful and conflicted.
		The form dimensions are dominated by the four ‘material’ or concrete elements – earth, water, air and fire – whereas the soul or formless dimensions are dominated by the ‘ethereal’ or ‘mind’ elements.
	www.shamballaschool.org /StudyResources/shamballaglossary.htm (19736 words)

	Meanings of the Zodiac Signs
		Further, the zodiac is divided into thirds (primordial, individual, universal) and halves (subjective, objective), which suggests a life-cycle of growing emotional and social maturation.
		Talkative ("a Gemini is born with a telephone in each hand!"), communicative, sociable; loves to interact with others (at least on a superficial level); unemotional, impersonal, ruled by "rationality"; requires great mental stimulation, curious to a fault; playful, the Trickster, the Devil's Advocate; changable, inconstant, attention easily drifts to something new, seeks novelty.
		Spirit moving beyond the realm of the individual into the world at large; becoming a member of a wider society; experiences that lead to consciousness expansion, being receptive to new points of view, wisdom, enlightenment; using your talents for the benefit of the greater whole.
	www2.bitstream.net /~bunlion/bpi/Sign.html (1491 words)

	A Project of Geometric Axiomatics in a Finite Ontology
		Since there are and cannot be infinite elements, elements that are left remain measurable, they need to establish a definite scale of values and a gauge for their dimensions.
		Thus, in drawings (Technique) it is recommended that the helping elements for circle, sphere, ellipsis or ellipsoid be used with one or two degree of gauges, without reducing its gauge or of using an analogous comparison.
		But this default is chased by a great privilege, namely the richness of elements such as a centre, two focuses and the absence of the boring roundness of the circle.
	www.geocities.com /leonbirnbaum/geometric.htm (2265 words)

	Alkali metal -
		The alkali metals are the series of elements in Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table (excluding hydrogen in all but one rare circumstance): lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).
		The alkali metals are silver-colored (caesium has a golden tinge), soft, low-density metals, which react readily with halogens to form ionic salts, and with water to form strongly alkaline (basic) hydroxides.
		These elements all have one electron in their outermost shell, so the energetically preferred state of achieving a filled electron shell is to lose one electron to form a singly charged positive ion.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Alkali_metal (432 words)

	Jacques Maritain Center: Revival 4
		But primordial matter cannot exist in a state of isolation; it is necessarily united to the substantial form, and the infinite variety of these forms is the cause of all the diversity we behold in nature.
		Primordial matter is in which with regard to the substantial form considered as united with it, and forming with it a complete substance.
		The permanence of the elements in the compound is universally admitted by chemists to-day.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/perrier4.html (7726 words)

	Helium-3 Reveals Matter Abundance in Early Universe
		Astronomers using the National Science Foundation's 140 Foot Radio Telescope in Green Bank, West Virginia, were able to infer the amount of matter created by the Big Bang, and confirmed that it accounts for only a small portion of the effects of gravity observed in the Universe.
		The scientists were able to make these conclusions by determining the abundance of the rare element helium-3 (helium with only one neutron and two protons in its nucleus) in the Milky Way Galaxy.
		Surprisingly, Rood's observations indicated that there was far less of this element in the Galaxy than the current models predicted.
	www.nrao.edu /pr/2002/he3 (732 words)

	The Secret Doctrine by H. P. Blavatsky: Contents, Preface
		Sprung from it in their origins, the various religious schemes are now made to merge back into their original element, out of which every mystery and dogma has grown, developed, and become materialised.
		Abuse she is accustomed to; calumny she is daily acquainted with; at slander she smiles in silent contempt.
		STANZA V. The Fiery Whirlwind and the Primordial Seven...
	www.theosociety.org /pasadena/sd/sd1-0-co.htm (889 words)

	Spirit and matter
		The homogeneous primordial Element is simple and single only on the terrestrial plane of consciousness and sensation, since matter, after all, is nothing else than the sequence of our own states of consciousness, and Spirit an idea of psychic intuition.
		As to that Element, they call it, indifferently, matter or spirit, claiming that as matter is infinite and indestructible and Spirit likewise, and as there cannot exist in the infinite Universe two omnipresent Eternal elements, any more than two Indestructibles or Infinites can exist -- hence Matter and Spirit must be one.
		This element then is the -- to speak metaphysically -- one sub-stratum or permanent cause of all manifestations in the phenomenal universe.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/dp5/spir-mat.htm (3724 words)

	Research Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Observational uncertainties in the primordial light element abundances.
		However, the transition from the observed abundance to the primordial abundance introduces large uncertainties.
		I have worked on a new model of chemical evolution that uses stochastic histories to determine the primordial deuterium and helium-3 abundances based on the observed pre-solar abundances.
	www.copi.org /craig/research.html (385 words)

	Magic- White and Black - or - The science of finite and infinite life containing practical hints for students of ...
		Elemental forms being the servants of their creator — in fact, his own self – may be used by him for good or for evil purposes.
		The Elemental sent by a magician is a constituting part of the magician himself, and if the victim is vulnerable or mediumistic, the latter may be injured by the former.
		He sits passively and waits for what these elementals may do; he unconsciously furnishes them with his life and power to think, and his thoughts and the thoughts of those that are present become reflected in these astral forms, enabling them to manifest apparently an intelligence of their own.
	www.theosophical.ca /MagicWhiteBlack2.htm (11770 words)

	Letters 11-20 of Sendivogius
		To which they they have added three primordial active, viz: Hylem, or the Body; Archoum, or your Soul; and Azoth or a middle between both and as it were a Servant of one and to the Other, which is your universal Spirit.
		The common are to be the highest principiated Principles and to be the medium to join the Extremes in the mixture, viz: that by their means and intervention, the disagreeing Qualities of the Elements (which otherwise are incompatable) might agree in each Family's mixture.
		To contain itself the seeds as well primordial as secondary (of which hereafter) yet not all at once or confusedly everywhere, but distinct and determinate Ones according to the nature and condition of Places, in which as in Nature's Kidneys and spermatic vessels they receive their last Digestion and Determination and hereby are multiplied.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/send20.html (2377 words)

	ASTRO-METRIC THEORY & OUR SOLAR SYSTEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The heavy element core of the planets and the heavy element contribution to the stars pre-date the galaxies.
		The heavy element core of the stars compared to that of the tiny planets would gain the most as they are the larger bodies.
		Heavy element poor stars are really only hydrogen rich ones (not old ones, as commonly thought), and these are ones whose prototype solar systems have drifted into the denser regions of a hydrogen nebulae.
	www.yaridanjo.warmkessel.com /yaridanjo/sunsplan.html (4761 words)

	Art & Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In one of the first great syntheses of science (and, I might add, one of the first known compromises), Empedocles proposed that perhaps there was not just one primordial element but rather four.
		Whether it was the miracle of fire or the life-giving rays from the sun, light in and of itself has always been the most mysterious element.
		It has been accorded a prominent place in all religions of the world, and discoveries in modern physics revealed that it was the unique nature of light that held the key to unlocking the secrets of the other four.
	www.artandphysics.com /c_main1f.html (820 words)

	Temple of the Sacred Spiral - Sumerian Religion
		From Apsu, the primordial ocean, and Tiamat, the tumultuous sea, came first Mummu, the tumult of the waves, then a pair of monstrous serpents, Lakhmu and Lakhamu who in turn gave birth to An, the celestial world, the male principle and to Ki, the terrestrial world, the female principle.
		After the initial devastation a new civilisation arose in which elements of both cultures were integrated, their cosmology and philosophy that were grounded in the images of unity belonging to the older one.
		The creating element here was the Mother Goddess and she is, in fact, the chief divine figure of the epic of El Gilgamesh which is no surprise since it precedes the overthrow of the Goddess by her sons.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /palette/187/sumer.html (9194 words)

	Enigma of Existence
		Conventional wisdom has concluded the Universe must have come from somewhere, and the idea that it was ushered into being by some primordial nascent event appeals seductively to human intuition.
		That necessary but indefinite primordial element we call nothing is simply an abstract interpretation of the intrinsic balance which pervades the structure of the cosmos.
		Nothing is, in fact, the common essence of every element in the cosmic spectrum, and it's the fulcrum of an eternally balanced perpetual system.
	www.theory-of-reciprocity.com (850 words)

	Ex Nihilo Creation: A Biblical Defense
		The pure principles of element are principles that can never be destroyed, they may be organized and reorganized but not destroyed.
		Mormon apologists merely assume that this primordial matter was eternal and thus conclude that creation ex nihilo is false (which ignores that Peter has a specific reason, the parallel to the Flood, for starting with the primordial waters as a reference).
		Thus Matthews: "It is an unnecessary leap to conclude that the elements in v.
	www.tektonics.org /JPH_NVNG.html (6125 words)

	Sacred Places: Water and the Sacred
		At the beginning of the Judeo-Christian story of creation, the spirit of God is described as stirring above the waters, and a few lines later, God creates a firmament in the midst of the waters to divide the waters (Genesis 1:1-6).
		While sacred in their own right, sacred springs also draw attention to the sacredness of water itself, reminding the Christian, for example, that water is a symbol of grace (and as such is used for baptism).
		Water is also one of the four elements possessing fundamental characteristics.
	witcombe.sbc.edu /sacredplaces/water.html (1294 words)

	Proteus
		He is a man and an immortal nymph (male and female element); the soul of all things; and the principal motor in fire.
		The disciples of the school of Pherecydes taught that ether (Zeus or Zen) is the highest empyrean heaven, which enclosed the supernal world, and its light (the astral) is the concentrated primordial element.
		To a certain extent we can learn of the degree of the solar heat, light, and nature of the planets by simply studying their symbolic representations in the Olympic gods, and the twelve signs of the Zodiac, to each of which in astrology is attributed a particular quality.
	www.wisdomworld.org /additional/ListOfCollatedArticles/Proteus.html (2049 words)

	Etienne, "De Obscurité et Lumière"
		But allow me to remind the readers that by the time the dubhaimid were created, the Sixth Element had not yet been discovered or controlled.
		Danaan, on her turn, was created with the Universe, thus making Light a primordial element.
		Darkness, on the other hand, as an element, was created by wizards, out of greed and will of conquest and destruction.
	www.darkages.com /community/phi/Etienne_DarkLight.html (1502 words)

	[0708.3922] Primordial Light Element Abundances
		The relic abundances are sensitive probes of the nucleon density and so are the CMB acoustic oscillations, somewhat 400000 years later, which allow a stringent cross check.
		The CMB high precision estimate of the baryon density by WMAP is currently used as input parameter for standard big bang nucleosynthesis (SBBN) to interpret primordial bundances rather then being directly derived from the observations of light elements as was common use before.
		New atomic physics and identification of systematics lead to an upwards revision of the 4He primordial abundance at Yp=0.2477 +/- 0.0029 (Peimbert et al 2007) removing a major source of tension between SBBN and WMAP.
	aps.arxiv.org /abs/0708.3922 (270 words)

	What is the importance of black holes to cosmology? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Directly, fl holes tell us that the universe can hide much of its matter in a way that still contributes to the total mass of the universe, but may not contribute to the abundances of certain primordial elements such as hydrogen and helium.
		If enough fl holes were produced soon after the big bang but before the first few minutes, this could have an impact on the relationship between how rapidly the universe is expanding and the origin of the primordial element abundances.
		But it is expected that most fl holes formed long after the big bang by stellar evolution, and these fl holes may contribute to the missing mass in the universe up to the maximum limit set by the primordial element abundances themselves.
	www.astronomycafe.net /qadir/ask/a11490.html (203 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Element reveals abundance of matter in early Universe
		Element reveals abundance of matter in early Universe
		Astronomers using the National Science Foundation's 140 Foot Radio Telescope in Green Bank, W.Va., were able to infer the amount of matter created by the Big Bang, and confirmed that it accounts for only a small portion of the effects of gravity observed in the Universe.
		"Moments after the Big Bang, protons and neutrons began to combine to form helium-3 and other basic elements," said Robert Rood of the University of Virginia.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0201/03water (1067 words)

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