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	CONK! Encyclopedia: Principle_of_bivalence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In logic, the principle of bivalence states that for any proposition P, either P is true or P is false.
		See bivalence and related laws for a summary of the differences.
		In classical logic, the principle of bivalence is equivalent to the result that there are no propositions that are neither true nor false.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Principle_of_bivalence (115 words)

	Bivalence and related laws - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In logic, the laws of bivalence, excluded middle, and non-contradiction are related, but not the same.
		It is, however, not possible to state the principle of bivalence in such a way, as the traditional propositional calculus just assumes sentences are true or false.
		So, they would say that the principle of bivalence does not hold in such a case: P is neither true nor false.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bivalence_and_related_laws (543 words)

	Talk:Bivalence and related laws - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Principle of bivalence would need to be reverted to:
		Bivalence neither implies nor is implied by non-contradiction, unless you're understanding the "either...
		Bivalence and excluded middle are distinct because some logics might allow (P or -P) to be true even though neither P or -P have a determinate truth value.
	wikipedia.com /wiki/Talk:Bivalence_and_related_laws (452 words)

	SIFA - Home Page
		As the principle of bivalence is commonly phrased as the principle that every proposition is either true or false, the philosophical controversy about its legitimacy is commonly framed in terms of the question whether or not every proposition is either true or false.
		The assumption common to both families is that there is a philosophical question to be addressed whether the principle that every proposition is either true or false holds, and that the solution to this question depends on the weight that is to be assigned to the purported arguments in support of or against the principle.
		There seems to be one understanding of the principle of bivalence on which it does make sense to ask whether or not the principle holds, namely, that on which every proposition is such that given a certain interpretation of it, either truth or falsehood are to be ascribed to it relatively to that interpretation.
	sifa.unige.it /2eve/HEIDELBERG/iacona.htm (6375 words)

	Bivalence and related laws: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Bivalence and related laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In fact, with the law of bivalence taken for granted, the two other laws can be derived as theorems, using the rules of propositional calculus.
		So, they would say that the principle of bivalence does not hold in such a case: P is neither true nor false (yet).
		In fuzzy logic or other multi-valued logics dealing with vagueness, again it may be the case that (P or not-P) is true but P is not considered true or false.
	www.encyclopedian.com /bi/Bivalence-and-related-laws.html (403 words)

	Principle of bivalence: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Principle of bivalence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The principle of bivalence is that for any proposition P, either P is true or P is false.
		In classical logic and fuzzy logic, the principle of bivalence is equivalent to the result that there are no propositions that are neither true nor false.
		This follows because any statement has to have a truth value, such as true, false, or if neither of those hold, it has to have a third truth value (which is the fuzzy logic way out).
	www.encyclopedian.com /pr/Principle-of-bivalence.html (313 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hume's principle
		Hume's principle is a standard for comparing any two sets of objects as to size.
		The principle was taken up independently by Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (March 3, 1845 – January 6, 1918) was a mathematician who was born in Russia and lived in Germany for most of his life.
		The principle become the foundation of modern Logicism is one of the schools of thought in the Philosophy of mathematics.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hume%27s-principle (1492 words)

	According to (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Once that the principle of bivalence, together with the metaphysical assumptions, is rejected, there is no reason to assume the law of excluded middle, although the validity of this law does not depend absolutely on the principle of bivalence.
		The problem is, in Dummett’s view, that the acceptance of the principle of bivalence makes impossible to give an account of the required connection between the condition for a sentence to be true and the use of the sentence.
		It is also clear that this commitment to molecularism goes together with a commitment to the principle of compositionality, according to which every sentence has a content that belongs to it in agreement with the way its constituents contribute to determine it.
	www.flatusvocis.com /gaf/trabajos/dummett_phil_math_padro.htm (10339 words)

	introduction to formal semantics
		Principle of Bivalence: in any possible situation, a sentence will either be True in that situation, or else it will be false in that situation.
		What isn't possible, according to the Principle of Bivalence, is for there to be a situation where the sentence "Zebras exist" is both true and false at the same time.
		The Principle of Bivalence says about sentence letters what it says about any sentence: for any given sentence letter, there are only two kinds of possible situations.
	www.ux1.eiu.edu /~cfbxb/class/1900/formal/ch2/semantics/intro/intro.htm (1922 words)

	Principle of bivalence -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In (The branch of philosophy that analyzes inference) logic, the principle of bivalence states that for any ((logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false) proposition P, either P is true or P is false.
		See (Click link for more info and facts about bivalence and related laws) bivalence and related laws for a summary of the differences.
		In (Click link for more info and facts about classical logic) classical logic, the principle of bivalence is equivalent to the result that there are no propositions that are neither true nor false.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/principle_of_bivalence.htm (229 words)

	Michael Dummett [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		If we assert that the principle of bivalence holds of some set of propositions, even though we do not know whether, for every proposition in that set, there is sufficient evidence to confirm or refute that proposition, then our assertion of bivalence must be based on the belief that truth can transcend evidence.
		In this case, the semantic theory used incorporated the principle of bivalence: every sentence was assigned either the value true or the value false.
		One could depart from bivalence in virtue of having more than two truth-values, or in virtue of admitting that there are sentences without a truth-value, or in virtue of believing that we have no guarantee that all sentences will have one of the two values true or false.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/d/dummett.htm (8674 words)

	Read about Law of excluded middle at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Law of excluded middle and learn about Law of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		principle of bivalence, which states that P must be either true or false.
		In any case, the semantics of any bivalent logic will assign opposite truth values to P and ~P (i.e., if P is true, then ~P is false), so the law of excluded middle will be equivalent to the principle of bivalence in a bivalent logic.
		bivalence and related laws discusses this issue in greater detail.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Law_of_excluded_middle (298 words)

	[No title]
		Peirce's principles are crucial to a correct understanding of his so-called "logic of vagueness" (LOV) (5.506, c.1905), his account of the various sorts of indeterminacy which can affect the meaning of a sign.
		If we take Peirce to have meant LEM and LNC, then it appears that he wanted to deny the principle of bivalence (according to which all propositions are true or else false) with regard to universally quantified propositions, and that he meant to claim that existentially quantified propositions are both true and false.
		The distinction between a logical principle not applying to a proposition and being false with regard to a proposition is essential for a correct understanding of comments Peirce made about PEM and PC in the context of his experiments with three-valued logical operators.
	www.digitalpeirce.fee.unicamp.br /lane/p-prilan.htm (1788 words)

	Law of excluded middle - Metaweb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This is not quite the same as the principle of bivalence, which states that P must be either true or false.
		This leaves open the possibility that certain systems of logic may reject bivalence (by allowing more than 2 truth values) but accept the law of excluded middle, by accepting that (P or not-P) is always true, even when P itself is neither true nor false.
		Some nontraditional logics, most notably intuitionistic logic, are not bivalent, and in such logics the law of excluded middle does not necessarily hold.
	www.metaweb.com /wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Law_of_excluded_middle&printable=yes (251 words)

	Speaking of the Future...
		According to the Principle of Bivalence, for any proposition p, p is either true or false…(Boyd denies that) the Principle of Bivalence holds for future contingent propositions and CCFs." (Divine Foreknowledge: 4 Views, p.55-56, emphasis mine)
		But if we agree that God’s omniscience includes possibilities (because creation includes them) then the Principle of Bivalence cannot be applied without qualification to future propositions.
		Finally, despite the foregoing, the open view does affirm that SOME future propositions follow the Principle of Bivalence and are either true or false, contra Craig:
	www.angelfire.com /journal/althehare/futureprop.html (1370 words)

	Bivalence and related laws -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In (The branch of philosophy that analyzes inference) logic, the laws of (Click link for more info and facts about bivalence) bivalence, (Click link for more info and facts about excluded middle) excluded middle, and (Click link for more info and facts about non-contradiction) non-contradiction are related, but not the same.
		Non-contradiction: ¬(P ∧ ¬P) In fact, with the law of bivalence taken for granted, the two other laws can be derived as (An idea accepted as a demonstrable truth) theorems, using the rules of propositional calculus.
		A famous example is the contingent sea battle case found in (One of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)) Aristotle's work, De Interpretatione, chapter 9:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/B/Bi/Bivalence_and_related_laws.htm (614 words)

	Undecidability, Epistemology and Anti-Realist Iniuitionism
		For, unlike other cases of failure of bivalence in philosophical logic, e.g., sentences containing vacuous singular terms, or vague predicates, Dummett claims that the case of ``undecidable'' sentences does not justify the existence of truth value gaps, or non-classical truth values.
		The basis of this claim is, of course, the fact that arithmetical truth is not recursively axiomatizable; in this sense, we cannot, even in principle, settle on all the axioms or principles of proof of arithmetic.
		is to deny that all principles for establishing the truth of mathematical statements are on a par.
	www.hf.uio.no /filosofi/njpl/vol2no2/decidable/node1.html (4174 words)

	Bivalent - GardenWeb defines bivalent
		The bivalent must also be constructed so that four chromatids present only two functional kinetochores prior to anaphase I. Cytology and genetic data
		Non-fuzzy Aristotelian logic is called Bivalent to indicate that it allows I think Aristotelian logic is monovalent, and fuzzy logic is bivalent with
		In logic, the principle of bivalence states that for any proposition P, either P is true or P is false.This is not to be confused with the law of excluded
	www.multitree.com /?q=bivalent (160 words)

	UniFI - Dipartimento di Filosofia - Persone - Alessandro Becchi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Among sub-topics there are: theory of reference, relationships between formal theories of truth and natural language, semantic paradoxes, the problem of truth bearers, metaphysical implications of the principle of bivalence (determinism), indexicality.
		I am actually working on my PhD thesis; it is concerned with the relationship between the logical principle of bivalence and the metaphysical thesis of determinism, both in an historical perspective and in a theoretical one.
		My PhD thesis is concerned with the relationship between the logical principle of bivalence and the metaphysical thesis of determinism, both in an historical perspective and in a theoretical one.
	www.philos.unifi.it /persone/becchi.htm (690 words)

	Read about Principle of bivalence at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Principle of bivalence and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Research Principle of bivalence and learn about Principle of bivalence here!
		In logic, the principle of bivalence states that for any
		bivalence and related laws for a summary of the differences.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Bivalent (157 words)

	Mind: Anti-realism, truth-conditions and verificationism
		The principle of bivalence, concerning statements of the object-language, is easily statable in a theory of truth and it may or may not be a theorem of the theory.
		Quite apart, however, from the question of what relationship that principle has to realism (as understood here), it is a metaphysically interesting principle in its own right.
		As for the principle of bivalence, it does seem likely that it cannot be a theorem of a verificationist theory of meaning (if only because it cannot be expressed therein), but this needs argument and, besides, the principle of bivalence, while important, is not the same as realism.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2346/is_n424_v106/ai_20035456/pg_5 (1152 words)

	20th WCP: A DNA Account of Propositions as Events: Dummett, Någårjuna, Aristotle
		Precisely this claim is one of the major reasons why Dummett proposes anti-realism and the rejection of bivalence (and also of the principles of excluded middle and of double negation); and it is significant that this reason is at basis an epistemological one.
		In conclusion, it should be noted that Aristotle clearly recognised the fact that bivalence is necessary to the process of 'meaning' when he claimed, in Metaphysics, that if his opponents wished to dispute the validity of the principle of contradiction, sooner or later they would have to open their mouths and speak an intelligible sentence.
		It is a fundamental and unavoidable principle, as far as I can see, that propositions are events 'inscribed' into spacetime fabrics, and the spacetime fabrics into which they are inscribed, it is clear, need not be the spacetime fabrics to which their 'meanings' purport to refer.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Scie/ScieNiza.htm (6376 words)

	Bivalent - Equilibrium theory for the clustering of bivalent cell surface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bivalent - Equilibrium theory for the clustering of bivalent cell surface
		One round of independent assortment occurs during anaphase I as bivalent sister chromatid pairs are separated, one pair going to one pole of the cell and
		Two bivalent thrombin inhibitors were synthesized, which consist of a Keywords: anticoagulants; bivalent inhibitor; enzyme kinetics; hirudin; thrombin.
	xianr.com /xr/bivalent.html (244 words)

	Law of non-contradiction - Wikipedia
		Variously formulated, the gist of the Law of Noncontradiction is that a proposition and its denial cannot both be true at the same time and "in the same respect." If we're being careful, we won't formulate it this way, in terms of truth (it might then might be confused with the principle of bivalence).
		See also the law of excluded middle and the principle of bivalence.
		Abstract: There is widespread agreement that the law of non-contradiction is an important logical principle.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/TheLawOfNoncontradiction (248 words)

	Law of excluded middle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This isn't quite the same as the principle of bivalence, which states that P must be either true or false.
		Some nontraditional logics, most notably intuitionistic logic, are not bivalent, and in such logics the law of excluded middle doesn't necessarily hold.
		The page bivalence and related laws discusses this issue in greater detail.
	news-server.org /l/la/law_of_excluded_middle.html (212 words)

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