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	Principle of compositionality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In mathematics, semantics, and philosophy of language, the Principle of Compositionality is the principle that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by the meanings of its constituent expressions and the rules used to combine them.
		Scholars are also divided as to whether the principle should be regarded as a factual claim, open to empirical testing; an analytic truth, obvious from the nature of language and meaning; or a methodological principle to guide the development of theories of syntax and semantics.
		The principle of compositionality, then, has to be revised to take into account linguistic and extralinguistic context, which includes the tone of voice used, common ground between the speakers, the intentions of the speaker, and so on.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Principle_of_compositionality (472 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind - compositionality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The term "compositionality of representations" is also used to refer to a putative psychological regularity that is supposed to support the view that there exists a syntactically and semantically combinatorial language of thought.
		According to Fodor and Pylyshyn, the reason that cognitive representations are compositional, as well as systematic is that there exists a syntactically and semantically combinatorial language of thought that respects the principle of compositionality, that atomic representations mean the same thing in all contexts in which they occur.
		The existence of a syntactically and semantically combinatorial language of thought respecting the principle of compositionality explains the compositionality of representations.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~philos/MindDict/compositionality.html (416 words)

	HANDBOOK OF LOGIC AND LANGUAGE, Elsevier Science, 1996, Introduction Chapter 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The principle of compositionality is a well-known issue in philosophy of language, in particular it is the fundamental principle of Montague Grammar.
		Yet it is not the principle itself, as it is not presented as a principle but as an argument in a wider discussion.
		Compositionality is not Frege's, but it it might be called `Fregean' because it is in the spirit of his later writings.
	www1.elsevier.com /homepage/sac/hll/prefch7.htm (1024 words)

	Compositionality (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy/Summer 2004 Edition)
		Opponents of compositionality typically point to cases when meanings of larger expressions seem to depend on the intentions of the speaker, on the linguistic environment, or on the setting in which the utterance takes place without their parts displaying a similar dependence.
		(Compositionality is a bonus when it comes to proof-checking in computer languages, or inductive proofs in logical calculi.) Unless explicitly noted, talk of compositionality is to be taken as talk of compositionality of some particular natural language, or of natural languages in general.
		As stated, the principle captures local language-bound compositionality: it requires that each application of each syntactic rule within a language be matched by an application of an appropriate semantic function.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/sum2004/entries/compositionality (7862 words)

	[No title]
		Compositionality is a principle to which many semanticists are strongly committed because of its theoretical utility.
		Some philosophers say that the principle of compositionality helps to demarcate semantics from pragmatics, because linguistic meanings are compositionally derived whereas pragmatic implicatures are not.
		SPC is a semantic principle, not a psychological principle.
	www.bris.ac.uk /philosophy/docs/langlec7.doc (3649 words)

	3.1.3 [Sidetrack] Compositional Semantics
		Compositionality is a simple and natural concept underlying most of the work in natural language semantics and in the semantics of programming languages.
		First of all, the principle of compositionality is of great immediate appeal: The meaning of a sentence should somehow be derivable from that sentence itself.
		More philosophically, the principle of compositionality offers an explanantion of how a human being can understand a possibly infinite number of sentences never heard before (namely by constructing their meaning from a finite set of rules and a finite set of known lexical meanings).
	www.coli.uni-saarland.de /projects/milca/courses/comsem/html/node46.html (836 words)

	NYU Department of Linguistics: Colloquia Series Spring 2004
		Principle B effects thus also pose an obvious challenge to the variable-free program, as the relevant constraint(s) are generally stated as constraints on indices.
		Another strategy is to try to reduce Principle B to a purely Gricean phenomenon; I will provide evidence that this strategy (although very appealing) cannot be correct.
		Time permitting, a preliminary extension of the analysis to Principle A effects will be explored, which will also account for the well-known fact that reflexives do not need to be locally bound when serving as the complements of relational nouns (such as picture-nouns).
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/lingu/events/colloquium/2004-spring/abstract/jacobson.html (638 words)

	principle from FOLDOC
		Nearby terms: primitive « primitive recursion « principal type « principle of closure » principle of closure of knowledge under entailment » principle of non contradiction » principle of the compositionality of representations
		Nearby terms: principal type « principle of closure « principle of closure of knowledge under entailment « principle of non contradiction » principle of the compositionality of representations » Pringle-Pattison Andrew Seth » prior intention
		Nearby terms: principle of closure « principle of closure of knowledge under entailment « principle of non contradiction « principle of the compositionality of representations » Pringle-Pattison Andrew Seth » prior intention » privacy
	www.swif.uniba.it /lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?principle (238 words)

	principle of compositionality
		principle of compositionality is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		See main article principle of compositionality An important aspect of denotational semantics of programming languages is compositionality, by which the denotation of a program is constructed from denotations of its parts.
		Compositionality in this case is to provide a meaning for " + " in terms of the meanings of and
	www.experiencefestival.com /principle_of_compositionality (970 words)

	Compositionality > Notes (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Pelletier (2003) claims that the four assumptions are compatible with compositionality because the syntactic rule which combines the quantifier and the noun may be associated with a context-sensitive semantic rule.
		Thus the proposal is that compositionality is a contingent linguistic universal.
		Such theories violate compositionality because they maintain that the semantic value of a that-clause includes phonological information even though the semantic values of their constituents and their mode of combination do not.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/compositionality/notes.html (1243 words)

	Mathplaton
		The role of such a principle is methodological: encountering a seemingly well-formed sentence, which fails to have a meaning, leads to reexamination of the formation rules.
		The principles that deserve special attention include the principle which correlates syntactic role of the expressions within a sentence with their interpretation, and the principle which states that the meaning of the compound expression depends on the meanings of its parts.
		The first principle is sometimes referred to as ‘syntactic priority thesis’, the second as ‘principle of compositionality’.
	www.pmfst.hr /~berislav/phil/Mathplaton.html (4892 words)

	Citations: The principle of semantic compositionality - Pelletier (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Citations: The principle of semantic compositionality - Pelletier (ResearchIndex)
		What Hintikka means by compositionality is that independent quantifiers cannot be given a compositional interpretation in terms of the standard quantifiers 8x and 9x only, although he may not state this....
		In the context of IF logic, compositionality could mean that independent quantifiers cannot be given a compositional interpretation in terms of the standard quantifiers 8x and 9x only.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/845251/0 (278 words)

	Course Syntax-Semantics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Then we elaborate on the principle of compositionality: the matching between the structure of an expression and its meaning.
		The effects of QR account for certain apparent violations of the principle of compositionality, and also results in ambiguities such as in (5).
		The closing sessions of the course are dedicated to a case study: the interpretation and scope properties of indefinite noun phrases.
	www.cs.technion.ac.il /~winter/courses/synsem/desc.html (550 words)

	[No title]
		“Compositionality” focuses on the status of free variables that have been posited in the interpretations of free adjuncts and absolutes, compounds, genitives, and implicit arguments.
		It concludes that Montague’s strict version of compositionality may have to be weakened by the introduction of an intermediate level between syntax and semantics, but this does not significantly diminish the advantages of his theory.
		Elsewhere there is a tradeoff between underdetermining interpretation and positing free variables; this should be resolved by a general theory of context dependency, not by compositionality alone.
	homepages.nyu.edu /~as109/partee.doc (1033 words)

	Compositionality (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The traditional view is that the relationship is fairly tight: the meaning of a complex expression is fully determined by its structure and the meanings of its constituents—once we fix what the parts mean and how they are put together we have no more leeway regarding the meaning of the whole.
		This could be viewed as a complex sign decomposable into meaningful features—the shape, the color pattern, the arrow, etc. These features are the analogues of simple expressions: they appear in many other complex signs and they appear to contribute more or less uniformly to their meanings.
		This gives rise to a problem for the compositionality of English, since is seems rather plausible that the syntactic structure of (1) and (2) is the same and that ‘if’ contributes some sort of conditional connective—not necessarily a material conditional!—to the meaning of (1).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/compositionality (7648 words)

	Semantic-Driven Emergence of Syntax: The Principle of Compositionality upside-down (ResearchIndex)
		Semantic-Driven Emergence of Syntax: The Principle of Compositionality upside-down (ResearchIndex)
		Semantic-Driven Emergence of Syntax: The Principle of Compositionality upside-down
		The Principle of Compositionality is, in this context, a precise way of specifying the passage from syntax to semantics.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /304808.html (305 words)

	Dan Vest's Notes on Frege (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Principle of Compositionality (for Bedeutung): The Bedeutung of a sentence (its truth-value) is a function of the Bedeutung of its parts.
		So, if the principle of compositionality is true, A and B above must be true.
		In fact, B must follow from A (together with the assumptions that the Frege had a beard and that Bill is unfaithful).
	eee.uci.edu /clients/dkbrown/phil13/TA/frege_notes.html (501 words)

	Reinhard Blutner
		For many semanticists, logicians and (generative) linguists the principle of compositionality of meaning has immediate appeal because it promises to explain the productivity and systematicity of our linguistic understanding.
		Hence, the present solution to the systematicity puzzle in natural language is pragmatic in nature, crucially making use of explicatures in the sense of relevance theory.
		In this context, the principle of compositionality, though formally correct and useful, seems (almost) to be empirically empty.
	webhost.ua.ac.be /tisp/viewabstract.php?id=37 (361 words)

	Stuart Geman's Home Page
		Compositionality refers to the ability of humans to represent entities as hierarchies of reusable parts.
		Certain predictions about the nature of the neural code follow from the principle of compositionality.
		In particular, there must be a mechanism for rapidly and reversibly binding otherwise uncorrelated spatio-temporal patterns of neural activities.
	www.dam.brown.edu /people/geman/index.shtml (477 words)

	LESSON 8-4
		Compositionality simply refers to the fact that semantic rules need to be sensitive to the syntactic structures of sentences, and that sentential meanings are (at least in clear-cut cases) the result of combining the meaning of words as these words are organized in syntactic phrases/units.
		A boy sees a girl, where we would first combine the meanings of a and boy (given that they form an NP in subject position).
		The principle of compositionality works for straightforward cases: indeed there is a close relationship between how sentences are structured and their meanings.
	www.hamline.edu /personal/ferku/linguisticsfall2002/8sentences.htm (409 words)

	Influences on the Design of XQuery > Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This principle had to be independent of any particular language or application and easily extensible to new and unanticipated kinds of information.
		At present, the leading candidate for this organizing principle is the Extensible Markup Language, XML [XML].
		Still others were "watershed issues" that were debated by the working group and resolved in ways that guided the evolution of the language.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=100667&seqNum=3 (982 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Compositionality of Meaning and Content: Applications to Linguistics, Psychology and Neuroscience v. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Dating back to the late 19th century, the principle of compositionality has regained wide attention recently.
		Since the principle has been dealt with very differently across disciplines, the aim of the two volumes is to bring together the diverging approaches.
		The second volume is devoted to issues of compositionality that arouse in the sciences of language, the investigation of the mind, and the modelling of representational brain functions.
	www.amazon.co.uk.cob-web.org:8888 /Compositionality-Meaning-Content-Applications-Neuroscience/dp/3937202536 (422 words)

	Chapter-08 -- Compositionality
		The answers that people have found to this question are various, but one principle attributed to the philosopher Frege stands out in just about every approach that has been made.
		According to this principle, known as the principle of compositionality, the meaning of a sentence can be expressed in terms of the meanings of the phrases within it.
		And so on, until we are down to the meanings of individual words or even the meanings of the morphemes that make up the words.
	www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /research/nlp/gazdar/nlp-in-prolog/ch08/chapter-08-sh-1.1.html (845 words)

	Compositionality (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Abstract: The first topic of the paper is to provide a formalization of the principle of compositionality of meaning.
		The second topic is to discuss arguments from the literature against compositionality (of Hintikka, Higginbotham, Pelletier, Partee, Schi#er and others).
		It is argued that the principle is should not be considered an empirical...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /223019.html (145 words)

	Oleg Prosorov: Recent Publications, Talks and Preprints
		This inductive theory of meaning based on Frege Duality, and also the different categories and functors related to discourse interpretation are the principal objects of study in the formal hermeneutics as we understand it.
		We propose the generalization of Frege's principle of compositionality of meaning which extends its domain from the level of individual sentence to those of discourse interpretation and provides so a basis for this correspondance.
		These categories and the different functors related to discourse interpretation are the principal objects of study in the formal hermeneutics as we understand it.
	www.pdmi.ras.ru /~prosorov/index_files/publications.html (1467 words)

	compositionality - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "compositionality" is defined.
		compositionality : FOLDOP - Free On Line Dictionary Of Philosophy [home, info]
		Phrases that include compositionality: principle of compositionality, semantic compositionality
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=compositionality (89 words)

	LINGUIST List 2.554: Compositionality
		I focus on what compositionality is, and hint that idioms should be drawn into the debate (most of the stuff that follows is taken from my PhD-thesis (in preparation)).
		My position is that compositionality is ONE OF THE PRINCIPLES underlying the relation between form and meaning (syntax and semantics if you like), but that it is definitely not the only one.
		This is not the whole story, It has frequently been pointed out that analysability of the meaning of idioms correlates with the possibility of idioms to occur in syntactic constructions.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/2/2-554.html (1053 words)

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