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Topic: Principle of linguistic relativity

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	Sapir-Whorf and what to tell students these days
		He called it the "principle of linguistic relativity" or the "linguistic relativity principle".
		Because so few linguists in this century have availed themselves of the changes in thinking about reality that physics has been broadcasting during this entire century, few linguists are even qualified to step into what they didn't realize was an interdisciplinary debate in the history of ideas which Whorf felt so comfortable in.
		As we Dialogued, it began becoming clear that those favorite realms had some fundamental principles in common: the only constant is flux; everything that exists vibrates; everything is interconnected such that the part implicates the whole.
	www.enformy.com /dma-ls02.htm (1526 words)

	Principle of linguistic relativity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The principle of linguistic relativity is Benjamin Whorf's theory of the way in which an individual's thoughts are influenced by the language(s) they have available to express them.
		Apart from the controversy over whether it is sound, the principle of linguistic relativity has resulted in concrete applications outside of linguistics.
		Douglas Engelbart was inspired by the principle, among other ideas, to invent a variety of things like hypertext, the graphical user interface, and the mouse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Principle_of_linguistic_relativity (224 words)

	Relativity: Special and General Theory (4) EINSTEIN December, 1916 - Part Four (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The embankment is in motion relative to the carriage.
		Our principle rather asserts what follows: If we formulate the general laws of nature as they are obtained from experience, by making use of the embankment as reference-body, the railway carriage as reference-body, then these general laws of nature (e.
		We have thus good grounds for extending the principle of relativity to include bodies of reference which are accelerated with respect to each other, and as a result we have gained a powerful argument for a generalised postulate of relativity.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /einstein_relativity04.htm (3194 words)

	Ontology and the Linguistic Relativity (Sapir-Whorf)
		Proceedings of a Colloquium on the Sapir-Whorf hypotheses [sic].
		The linguistic and cultural relativity of inference by John J. Gumperz 374; 13.
		he argues that advocates of linguistic relativity have attributed to language an unjustified degree of causal efficacy and that linguistic idealism is contradicted by the results of experimental psychology.
	www.formalontology.it /linguistic-relativity.htm (3018 words)

	Whitehead’s Principle of Relativity
		This principle is doubly relevant to the task at hand because it is characterized by Whitehead both as blurring the sharp distinction between universals and particulars and as constituting "the first step in the description of the universe as a solidarity of many actual entities" (PR 65).
		The principle of relativity, in turn, establishes the metaphysical character which each unit-product shares with all entities of all types -- namely, that they are, each and all, capacities for the determination of unit-processes and that they exercise their respective capacities by being reproduced within each unit-process that finds them already in existence.
		Thus, the principle of creativity is ultimate in one sense, and the principle of relativity is basic in another; thus, too, what is indefinable in one notion is presupposed by, or is relevant to, what is indefinable in the other.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2477 (8957 words)

	Relativism > The Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Many linguists, including Noam Chomsky, contend that language in the sense we ordinary think of it, in the sense that people in Germany speak German, is a historical or social or political notion, rather than a scientific one.
		And although linguistic relativism is perhaps the most popular version of descriptive relativism, the conviction and passion of partisans on both sides of the issue far outrun the available evidence.
		We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar, or can in some way be calibrated.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/relativism/supplement2.html (4011 words)

	The LORD said, "If as o
		On an atomic level, i.e., on the lexical level, semantic representations are drawn from a universal language of thought, while on the molecular level, i.e., on the grammatical level, there are language-specific combinations of universal atomic primitives, which may have specific conceptual effects on the users.
		Although Bernstein never intended to imply that the working class children were linguistically deficient, his emphasis on their disadvantage at school lead his critics (e.g., Labov, 1975) to charge him for disgracing the language of the powerless.
		The principle of cooperation, the four maxims of conversation, the implicature generating mechanisms are also specific to the North American culture (Wierzbicka, 1991) or at the very most to some low-context cultures.
	www.uwm.edu /People/tslim/chapter.htm (7154 words)

	relativity information. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		1 the fact or state of being relative.
		2 Physics a (special theory of relativity) a theory based on the principle that all motion is relative and that light has constant velocity, regarding space-time as a four-dimensional continuum, and modifying previous conceptions of geometry.
		b (general theory of relativity) a theory extending this to gravitation and accelerated motion.
	www.uplink.ru /r/relativity.html (58 words)

	Language In the Field (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		It was the principle of linguistic relativity based on the understanding that there were no “primitive” languages, that all languages can express everything, the only difference being in the ways they achieve this.
		The principle of linguistic relativity, which was to be elaborated later in the works of Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, led to the principle of cultural relativity, as being firmly grounded in the sound understanding of distinct histories.
		It took even longer than that before formal linguistics, as the study of the abstract linguistic forms and their internal relations (phonology, morphology and syntax), opened some space for functional linguistics, which is primarily concerned with the forms of language in reference to their social function in communication (semantics and sociolinguistics).
	www.aucegypt.edu /academic/anth/anth352/language_in_the_field.htm (1027 words)

	intrapersonal
		In his writing about the principle of linguistic relatively, which states at least as a hypothesis that structures the human being language influences the manner in which he understood reality and believed with respect to it.
		The Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity simply states that the structure of a culture in language determines the behavior and habits of thinking in that culture.
		Linguistic relativity is a theory that the language we speak influences what we perceive and think.
	zimmer.csufresno.edu /~johnca/spch100/intrapersonal.htm (3227 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.706: Ungrammatical Sentences
		The sound-meaning bond is defined by the RELEVANCE PRINCIPLE: Every linguistic unit is a combination of a class of meanings with a class of phonic segments (or markers based on phonic segments).
		One of interesting and important consequences of the Relevance Principle is that it provides a semiotic base for the Linguistic Relativity Principle, formulated by Whorf.
		Any linguistic theory which recklessly neglects the conceptual analysis of constraints determined by the sound-meaning bond is built on sand.
	linguistlist.org /issues/7/7-706.html (2573 words)

	Montclair State University - CHSS - Linguistics
		The nature and structure of language; the basic techniques for analyzing linguistic structures; phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic structure of languages; language and dialects; language change; the comparative method in linguistics; human and animal communication; differences between first and second language learning.
		While the course is grounded in the linguistic changes in pronunciation, word formation, syntax, and meaning that led to the current language, there is a strong concentration on the historical influences that encouraged change and on the role the language played in the development of modern democracy.
		An overview of the study of language and linguistics intended to provide students with a clear understanding of human language and with the conceptual foundations of linguistics.
	www.chss.montclair.edu /linguistics/linguistics.courses.html (2543 words)

	James Dye, "Cultural Relativity and the Logic of Philosophy"
		The linguistic community to which philosophers belong exemplifies sufficient regularity to guarantee communication and comprehension while allowing for disagreement over the best usage.
		Since statements are the concreta involved in linguistic change, the same cultural processes which are relevant to the determination of philosophical terms are at least equally relevant for philosophical statements, although the consequences produced take different forms appropriate to the differences between statements and terms.
		To give an example of a philosophical or metaphysical statement, out of context, is in principle impossible; for that which distinguishes them from other statements is not some sensorially observable property, special terms or peculiar structure, but rather their performance of a philosophical task.
	sun.soci.niu.edu /~phildept/Dye/Relativity.html (4830 words)

	The Uncertainty Principle (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The uncertainty principle played an important role in many discussions on the philosophical implications of quantum mechanics, in particular in discussions on the consistency of the so-called Copenhagen interpretation, the interpretation endorsed by the founding fathers Heisenberg and Bohr.
		This should not suggest that the uncertainty principle is the only aspect of the conceptual difference between classical and quantum physics: the implications of quantum mechanics for notions as (non)-locality, entanglement and identity play no less havoc with classical intuitions.
		Indeed, we have seen that he adopted an operational "measurement=meaning" principle according to which the meaningfulness of a physical quantity was equivalent to the existence of an experiment purporting to measure that quantity.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/qt-uncertainty (10560 words)

	Benjamin Lee Whorf, Language, Thought, and Reality, Review by Alan Gullette
		Of the essays in this collection, some deal more or less directly with the "linguistic relativity principle" (also known as the Whorfian or Sapir-Whorfian hypothesis), while others either imply the formulation of the principle in its author's mind or tend to support it with complicated grammatical illustrations from native American languages, especially Hopi.
		The linguistic relativity principle states that "the structure of a human being's language influences the manner in which he understands reality and behaviors with respect to it" (23).
		Language "habits" are linguistic patterns which we extend the use of by habit.
	alangullette.com /essays/philo/whorf.htm (1546 words)

	Second Language Acquisition and the Truth(s) about Relativity, Steven L. Thorne
		Linguistic relativism, in its base form, is the notion that culture, mediated largely by language and communicative practices, affects the way humans think about and organize their world(s).
		Linguistic relativism is here expanded to encompass this notion: that language is the medium through which historical, discursive and cultural resonances lend to particular contexts their texture and working principles, for want of a better phrase.
		Slobin’s formulation of linguistic relativism is an elegant and demonstrable characterization of the interactional co-construction that will be specific not only to speakers of a language, but also to members of particular speech communities who share discourse strategies, allocation of turns at talk (latching versus interruptions for example), and the like.
	language.la.psu.edu /~thorne/SLArelativity2000.html (9538 words)

	Kroskrity-Regimes of Language
		It comes as no surprise that Dozier was shaped by his professional training in a particular historical period, despite being a "native" anthropologist, given over two decades of similar research in the sociology of science and on the positionality of researchers in anthropology and the social sciences.
		Silverstein's reconstitution of Whorf's principle of linguistic relativity, in fact, would be very useful in rethinking current issues in language ideology.
		We are concerned, however, that the book's audience will be restricted to linguistic anthropologists, and that linguistic anthropology's unique contributions to the study of language ideology, identity, and polity have yet to be made fully manifest.
	www.aaanet.org /cae/aeq/br/kroskrity.htm (1133 words)

	[Management.com.ua] Language as a Change Tool
		Linguists and cognitive scientists have been debating for over half a century the relationship between language, thought and perception.
		Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society.
		“We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar, or can in some way be calibrated” (Carroll, p.
	www.management.com.ua /ct/ct037.html (2830 words)

	Language and Culture: A Social Semiotic Perspective
		But whereas literary scholars or linguists research the subject matter—for example, the target language, literature, or culture—applied linguists investigate the process of transition that students experience as they apply their linguistic, literary, cultural resources to the study of another language and culture.
		The first principle, drawing on the work of V. Volosinov, Ragnar Rommetveit, and other linguists working in a phenomenological tradition (see Hanks 142–50 for a review), is that there is no such thing as language without historically situated language users or meaning makers in the local context of their communicative practices.
		The principle of linguistic relativity is an object of renewed interest (Gumperz and Levinson) in the light of recent research in cognitive psychology (Slobin) and anthropological linguistics (Ochs; Hanks).
	www.adfl.org /bulletin/v33n2/332008.htm (4965 words)

	Sense of Wonder \| On the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and its relation to programming languages
		The linguistic determinism principle asserts that language determines the way we think, that is, the grammar, semantics or lexicon in a natural language shape thought.
		This principle is divided in two groups: strong determinism and weak determinism.
		However, weak determinism, the well-regarded version of the principle, states that thought may be influenced by language.
	www.cerezo.name /archives/000005.html (1147 words)

	What Whorf Really Said
		He defines the stronger version, known as linguistic determinism, as "stating that people's thoughts are determined by categories made available by their language" (Pinker, pg.
		Thus, "instead of our linguistically promoted objectification of that datum of consciousness we call 'time', the Hopi language has not laid down any pattern that would cloak the subjective 'becoming later' that is the essence of time" (Whorf, pg.
		A principle is like a theory that tries to explain phenomena in the environment, whereas a hypothesis is a prediction based on an underlying theory.
	www.nickyee.com /ponder/whorf.html (4209 words)

	Excerpts from the work of Suzette Haden Elgin
		One of the most glaring areas of linguistic nonscience in sf, Meyers notes accurately, is the treatment of historical linguistics.
		He explains the concept of linguistic "channel" and presents the limited range of such channels sf writers have attempted so far, such as languages of color and smell and taste.
		Many contemporary linguists insist that the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in its strong form (language controls perceptions) is nonsense, which is true, and either ignore the weak version (language constrains and structures perceptions) or call it nonsense too—which is false, and is itself nonsense.
	www.sfwa.org /members/Elgin/SHE_Excerpts01.html (2095 words)

	Fishman - A Systemization of the Whorfian Hypothesis, Abstract by Alan Gullette
		Historically, Whorf formulated his linguistic relativity principle more or less under the aegis of Edward Sapir, who in turn studied under Franz Boas.
		The two main factors with which the hypothesis deals are linguistic characteristics of a given language(s) and the (cognitive) behavior of the speakers of the given language(s).
		That linguistic structure has influence on linguistic cognitive behavior (e.g., reading, studying, or memorization) is not too surprising or meaningful; but if linguistic structure also structures non-linguistic cognitive behavior (e.g., perception), then Whorf's hypothesis becomes a working theory.
	alangullette.com /essays/philo/fishman.htm (870 words)

	LINGUIST List 5.768: Pinker's book and linguist bashing
		Of course since, as we shall see, since Pinker doesn't really consider Whorf a linguist, he might argue that this isn't linguist bashing at all.
		Now that cognitive scientists [except Slobin, evidently] know how to think about thinking,..." While Pinker mentions Reagan's famous "Mistakes were made" (assuming that he is talking about the copular "to be" while actually referring to a similar finite form used in passive constructions), he can't resist using the exact same form on p.
		My research indicates that the agent is the group of advocates of universal grammar who created, developed and promulgated the strawman Determinism argument in the first place.
	linguistlist.org /issues/5/5-768.html (843 words)

	Time in Mind by P. Buru (PIPA Fall 97)
		Whorf discussed Hopi and its grammar as possible verification for his Linguistic Relativity Principle, a theory that postulates the possible influence of the grammatical system of a given language on the thought and world view of its speakers.
		Whorf’s Linguistic Relativity Principle and its tenets have fueled much controversy and debate in the past, with several attempts at verifying or disproving it altogether (cf.
		The linguistic means within the English language that help Winterson imitate this wheel of time include the epigraphs to the book, which with their questions adumbrate this very problem, as well as the introductory phrase "Sometime Later" to the second part of the book.
	www.eiu.edu /~ipaweb/pipa/volume/buru.htm (3862 words)

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