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	Rationality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Rationality of various kinds has often been taken to be one of the key features of the mind and/or soul that separates humans from animals.
		Continental rationalism is a school in which rationality and reason are the key methods by which we obtain knowledge, in opposition to empiricism which states that knowledge is obtained primarily via the senses.
		Rationality is a central principle in Artificial Intelligence, where an rational agent is specifically defined as an agent which always chooses the action which maximises its expected performance, given all of the knowledge it currently possesses.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /r/ra/rationality.html (397 words)

	Rationality - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In this concept of "rationality", the individual's goals or motives are taken for granted and not made subject to criticism, ethical or otherwise.
		Others think that any kind of rationality along the lines of rational choice theory is a useless concept for understanding human behavior; the term homo economicus (economic man: the imaginary logically consistent but immoral being assumed in economic models) was coined largely in honor of this view.
		Rationality is a central principle in artificial intelligence, where a rational agent is specifically defined as an agent which always chooses the action which maximises its expected performance, given all of the knowledge it currently possesses.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Rationality (794 words)

	Rationality - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Continental rationalism is a school in which rationality andreason are the key methods by which we obtain knowledge, in opposition to empiricism which states that knowledge is obtained primarily via the senses.
		Others think that any kind of rationality alongthe lines of rational choice theory is a useless concept for understanding human behavior; the term homo economicus is largely in honor of this view.
		Rationality is a central principle in ArtificialIntelligence, where an rational agent is specifically defined as an agent which always chooses the action whichmaximises its expected performance, given all of the knowledge it currently possesses.
	www.the-free-web-encyclopedia.com /default.asp?t=Rationality (428 words)

	Rationality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Historicist Theories of Rationality By Carl Matheson of the University of Manitoba.
		Rationality and Evaluative Frameworks Thesis by Arto Laitinen, principally concerned with the claims by Alasdair MacIntyre and Charles Taylor on the nature of moral reasoning.
		Rationality and Society Focuses on the growing contributions of rational-action based theory, and the questions and controversies surrounding this growth.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Rationality.html (868 words)

	Rational (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Continental rationalism is a school in which rationality and reason are the key methods by which weobtain knowledge, in opposition to empiricism which states that knowledge isobtained primarily via the senses.
		However, rationality is a muchbroader term than logic, as it includes "uncertain but sensible" arguments based on probability, expectation, personal experienceand the like, whereas logic deals principally with provable facts and demonstrably valid relations between them.
		In economics, sociology, and political science, a decision or situation is often calledrational if it is in some sense optimal, and individuals or organizations are often called rational if they tend to act somehow optimally in pursuit of their goals.
	www.therfcc.org /rational-7505.html (386 words)

	Rationality
		Rational choice theory is an individualistic methodology and as such conceives of social situations or collective behaviors as the result of individual actions.
		They see people as "rational" beings, and thus believe that a model in which they are represented as such should be reasonably accurate.
		Rational pricing is the assumption in financial economics that asset prices (and hence asset pricing models) will reflect the arbitrage-free price of the asset as any deviation from this price will be "arbitraged away".
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Rationality.html (4494 words)

	Virtuous Living (5 of 13): Rationality
		The moral principle involved is the characteristic of the virtue that differentiates it from every other virtue.
		The moral principle at the heart of a virtue is merely the differentia in the definition.
		Rationality is "the recognition and acceptance of reason as one's only source of knowledge, one's only judge of values and one's only guide to action".
	www.rebirthofreason.com /Articles/Rowlands/Virtuous_Living_(5_of_13)_Rationality.shtml (709 words)

	Principle of rationality - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Principle of rationality - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This principle is employed by agents at the knowledge level to move closer to a desired goal.
		Principle of rationality, See also, Reference and Artificial intelligence.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Principle_of_rationality (113 words)

	South African Journal of Philosophy - Vol. 22, No. 3 (2003)
		Some critical remarks will be articulated in connection with an over-estimation of rationality — concerning the influence of Kant's view of human understanding as the formal law-giver of nature (the supposedly “rational structure of the world”), and the apparently innocent (subjectivist) habit to refer to experiential entities as 'objects'.
		The important role of solidarity — as the basis of critique — will be explained and related both to the role of immanent criticism in rational conversation and the importance of acknowledging what is designated as the principle of the excluded antinomy (which in an ontic sense underlies the logical principle of non-contradiction).
		Our intention is to enhance an awareness of the reality that rationality is embedded in and borders on givens which are not open to further “rational” exploration — givens that both condition (in a constitutive sense) and transcend the limits of conceptual knowledge.
	www.ajol.info /viewarticle.php?jid=211&id=23944 (488 words)

	Publications
		Specifically, we argue that rationality of choice makes sense even when the agents’ beliefs or reasoning may be mistaken, but that the substitutivity principle of standard mathematical logic makes it ill-suited for an analysis of mistaken reasoning.
		We therefore consider the modal logic approach to knowledge and rationality, which has been taken up recently by game theorists, and seems to be a more adequate framework for an explicit analysis of rational decision-making.
		In order to make precise the assumptions on agents’ rationality which logically warrant the — typically informal — conclusion that the optimal action will be taken, we formulate an axiomatic theory for a very simple specific decision problem.
	www.hhl.de /index.php?id=215&no_cache=1&L=0&tx_hhlpub_pi1[test]=test&tx_hhlpub_pi1[pointer]=0&tx_hhlpub_pi1[mode]=1&tx_hhlpub_pi1[category]=8&tx_hhlpub_pi1[displaycategory]=0&tx_hhlpub_pi1[showUid]=369 (225 words)

	NTU Info Centre: Rationality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		[[fr:rationalité]] In [[philosophy]], the word '''''rationality''''' has been used to describe numerous religious and philosophical theories, especially those concerned with [[truth]], [[reason]], and [[knowledge]].
		A [[logical argument]] is sometimes described as '''rational''' if it is [[validitylogically valid]].
		In a number of kinds of speech, "rational" may also denote a hodge-podge of generally positive attributes, including: * reasonable: "having sound judgement" (Webster's) * reasonable: "not extreme or excessive" (Webster's) * justifiable on the basis of ''reason'' (as opposed to [[tradition]] or [[emotion]]al response).
	www.nowtryus.com /article:Rationality?source=true (451 words)

	rationality
		Western societies are losing their souls to scientific rationality and frightening believers in the developing world who still fear God, Pope Benedict told an open-air mass in Germany on Sunday.
		MUNICH, Germany - Western societies are losing their souls to scientific rationality and frightening believers in the developing world who still fear God, Pope Benedict told an open-air mass in Germany.
		MUNICH -- Western societies are losing their souls to scientific rationality and frightening believers in the developing world who still fear God, Pope Benedict told an open-air Mass in Germany yesterday.
	www.measuroo.com /soc-R/rationality.php (617 words)

	RePEc
		This claim is illustrated through an analysis of the various ways in which 'rationality' was understood from classical economics to contemporary debates where axioms such as transitivity and independence, which contemporary economists associate with the notion of rationality, are subjected to a number of devastating critiques.
		Another claim of this paper is that, while these critiques put the modern notion of rationality seriously into question, they leave the rationality principle undamaged since they were typically made in the name of that principle.
		It concludes with an argument emphasising the underestimated importance of the rationality principle for economics.
	www.inomics.com /cgi/repec?handle=RePEc:emt:jecmth:110151 (177 words)

	BBSPrints Archive: Cooperation, psychological game theory, and limitations of rationality in social interaction
		Rational choice theory enjoys unprecedented popularity and influence in the behavioral and social sciences, but it generates intractable problems when applied to socially interactive decisions.
		In individual decisions, instrumental rationality is defined in terms of expected utility maximization.
		In particular, focal point selection in pure coordination games is inexplicable, though it is easily achieved in practice; the intuitively compelling payoff-dominance principle lacks rational justification; rationality in social dilemmas is self-defeating; a key solution concept for cooperative coalition games is frequently inapplicable; and rational choice in certain sequential games generates contradictions.
	www.bbsonline.org /documents/a/00/00/22/70/index.html (526 words)

	Rationality
		\nIn philosophy, the word rationality has been used to describe numerous religious and philosophical theories, especially those concerned with truth, reason, and knowledge.
		rational vs. emotional\n* rational vs. creative\n* rational vs. spiritual\n* reason vs. divine truth
		\n* Rational number\n* Irrationality\n* Satisficing\n* Bounded rationality\n* Perfect rationality\n* Rational choice theory\n* Principle of rationality
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/r/ra/rationality.html (480 words)

	lawyer Rationality - lawyer-report.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Objective rationality is a fancy way of saying justified subjectivity, just another...former Cabinet minister in Canada, and David Matas, an immigration lawyer....
		A lawyer in general practice is not expected to accept the same low fee he...for both doctors and patients, and it would return a measure of rationality to our...
		It overcomes rationality, otherwise, the Surgeon General's Warning would make cigarette...has been a powerful testimony of a trial lawyer's experience, that is...
	www.lawyer-report.com /Rationality (276 words)

	Exploring the Rationality of Methodological Naturalism
		As such, the theistic scientist has a greater prospect for achieving her goal of gaining full and proper understanding of creation, and will quite simply become a better scientist by unapologetically drawing upon the full array of potential explanatory accounts.
		Rather, they endorse the inclusivity principle, that is, the claim that explanations in terms of the direct and immediate activity of a divine agent may constitute a proper part of natural science.
		Taking his cue from the ``postmodern'' critique of the exclusivity of ``enlightenment rationality,'' Meyer in particular calls for the scientific community to grant equal consideration to divine action as comprising a legitimate scientific explanation.
	www.leaderu.com /offices/koons/docs/Oconnor2.html (381 words)

	Paradoxical Emotions: Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		(1) The Dante-Musset clash is one of a number of cases that illustrate a principle, a clash of principles, or a violation of a principle of axiological rationality, a kind of sui-generis emotional rationality irreducible to strategic or epistemic rationality.
		A prime example is to be found in the contrasting views of Pascal or William James on one side and Clifford on the ethics of belief.
		Axiological rationality is sui-generis, reducible to neither the strategic nor the epistemic.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /%7Esousa/pdoxemo.abs (379 words)

	rationality
		Father Brown was the perfect vehicle for conveying Chesterton's view of the world, and of all of his characters, is perhaps closest to Chesterton's own point of view, or at least the effect of his point of view.
		The justifications for faith as rational are based on semantic and epistemological strategies: 1.
		Less semantically precise definitions of rationalism that allow for faith to be accommodated as rational: 1.a Broadening of the definition of faith to include faith as a belief that rests on logical proof or material evidence.
	www.experiencefestival.com /rationality (1208 words)

	Cogprints - Popper's Achievement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Popper broke with the ancient tradition of modelling rationality in terms of authority transmitted from authoritative sources (Platonic ideas, God, Being, innate or a priori ideas, empirical data, monads, elementary propositions, ideological superstructures, social contingencies, epistemes etc).
		I offer the rationality of airworthiness as an example of a rational authority that cannot originate in a source in principle but can be readily understood as coming from problem solving and a goal (the desire to fly without accidents).
		The paradigm obsession of philosophers with linking rationality to sources I suggest is due to deeply ingrained psychological factors in how we experience authority.
	www.cogprints.org /2247 (193 words)

	Virtuous Living (6 of 13): Rationality as an Active Virtue
		Now remember rationality has at its heart the moral principle that to act and to live, we need to use reason to make our actions conform to reality.
		Reason, and more generally our rational faculty, are the means we need to act in accordance with reality, and thus act effectively to promote our lives.
		Since the heart of the moral principle is being able to act in accordance with reality, it makes sense that increased information is a possible method of acting on this principle.
	www.rebirthofreason.com /Articles/Rowlands/Virtuous_Living_(6_of_13)_Rationality_as_an_Active_Virtue.shtml (519 words)

	Rationality reason soul empiricism sense ad hominem political science organization Irrationality Satisficing Principle ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Rationality reason soul empiricism sense ad hominem political science organization Irrationality Satisficing Principle of rationality
		Oregonians For Rationality (O4R) We are a nonprofit, independent corporation committed to the...
		SSRN-Neuroeconomics and Rationality by Terrence Chorvat, Kevin McCabe.
	en.powerwissen.com /gIi6MHs0J3SgtNI5pn2FSg%3D%3D_Rationality.html (530 words)

	Rationality - Gurupedia
		In philosophy, the word rationality has been used to describe numerous religious and philosophical theories, especially those concerned with
		In economics, sociology, and political science, a decision or situation is often called rational if it is in some sense optimal, and individuals or
		organizations are often called rational if they tend to act somehow optimally in pursuit of their goals.
	www.gurupedia.com /r/ra/rationality.htm (390 words)

	RePEc
		Abstract: Though the rationality postulate is generally considered the paradigmatic core of economics, there is little agreement about its specific content and methodological status.
		This paper seeks to clarify some of the ambiguity surrounding the postulate by drawing a distinction between the non-refutable, purely heuristic rationality principle and refutable rationality hypotheses.
		An alternative, evolutionary outlook at purposeful human behavior is outlined that captures much of what makes the rationality postulate attractive to economists but avoids the ambiguities that have made it the subject of enduring controversy.
	www.inomics.com /cgi/repec?handle=RePEc:emt:jecmth:110129 (133 words)

	Rationality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Continental rationalism is a school in which rationality and reason are the key methods by which we obtain knowledge, in opposition to empiricism which states that knowledge is obtained primarily via the sense s.
		In economics, sociology, and political science, a decision or situation is often called rational if it is in some sense optimal, and individuals or organization s are often called rational if they tend to act somehow optimally in pursuit of their goals.
		Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Rationality.html (433 words)

	rationality - The Wordbook Encyclopedia
		Thewordbook is a comprehensive encyclopedia and a reference search engine, in which you have found this entry about rationality.
		TheWordbook.com is your reference book and invites you to quarry.
		Spohn, W. [http://www.uni-konstanz.de/FuF/Philo/Philosophie/Mitarbeiter/spohn_files/wspohn45.pdf The Many Facets of the Theory of Rationality].
	www.thewordbook.com /rationality (804 words)

	Experience of God and the Rationality of Theistic Belief (Cornell Studies in the Philosophy of Religion) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He also responds to arguments against the existence of God and the rationality of belief in the existence of God.
		For example, his argument depends on a principle of rationality that is slightly different from the principle that Swinburnes argument depends on, and he argues for a stronger kind of rationality for belief in the existence of God than does Alston.
		He focuses on the claim that the concept of God is inconsistent (contains a contradiction) and the arguments from the existence of evil.
	www.phil-books.com /Experience_of_God_and_the_Rationality_of_Theistic_Belief_Cornell_Studies_in_the_Philosophy_of_Religion_0801433207.html (580 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: The Oxford Handbook of Rationality
		Weirich examines three competing views entertained by economic theory about the instrumental rationality of decisions: the first says to maximize self-interest, the second to maximize utility, and the third to satisfice, that is, to adopt a satisfactory option.
		Critics argue that the first view is too narrow, that the second overlooks the benefits of teamwork and planning, and that the third, when carefully formulated, reduces to the second.
		Weirich defends a refined version of the principle to maximize utility.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/philosophy/0195145399/acprof-0195145399-chapter-20.html (203 words)

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