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Topic: Principle of relativity

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Special theory of relativity

Special relativity

Theory of relativity

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	Principle of relativity Summary
		The term "relativity" was coined by Max Planck in 1908 to emphasize that special relativity (and later, general relativity) uses the the principle of Galilean relativity.
		Special relativity considers that observers in inertial reference frames, which are in uniform motion relative to one another, cannot perform any experiment to determine which one of them is "stationary".
		This is the strength of special relativity, that it can be derived from such a single, basic principle: the invariance of the laws of physics under a shift of inertial reference frames, known as Lorentz covariance.
	www.bookrags.com /Principle_of_relativity (1973 words)

	Principle of relativity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galileo's principle of relativity said that every choice of a zero point of velocity, a choice necessary in order to perform a calculation, constitutes a choice of reference frame.
		In Galilean relativity, reference frames are related to each other in an intuitive way: to transform the velocity of an object from one frame to another, the vector representing the velocity of the object is added to the vector representing the velocity difference between the two reference frames.
		General relativity is a theory of gravitation that describes the properties of the mediator of gravitational interaction, in general relativity the mediator of gravitational interaction is deformation of space-time geometry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Principle_of_relativity (951 words)

	Theory of relativity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Theory of relativity, or simply Relativity, refers to various explanations of how it is possible for many observers to simultaneously perceive their own frames of reference as stationary.
		Special relativity considers that observers in inertial reference frames, which are in uniform motion relative to one another, cannot perform any experiment to determine which one of them is in "absolute motion".
		General relativity is a geometrical theory which postulates that the presence of mass and energy "curves" spacetime, and this curvature affects the path of free particles (and even the path of light).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Relativity (428 words)

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		In accordance with the principle of relativity we shall certainly have to take for granted that the propagation of light always takes place with the same velocity w with respect to the liquid, whether the latter is in motion with reference to other bodies or not.
		The velocity of light relative to the liquid and the velocity of the latter relative to the tube are thus known, and we require the velocity of light relative to the tube.
		The general principle of relativity requires that all these molluscs can be used as reference-bodies with equal right and equal success in the formulation of the general laws of nature; the laws themselves must be quite independent of the choice of mollusc.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext04/relat10.txt (19921 words)

	THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY
		At this juncture the question of the validity of the principle of relativity became ripe for discussion, and it did not appear impossible that the answer to this question might be in the negative.
		If the principle of relativity (in the restricted sense) does not hold, then the Galileian co-ordinate systems K, K1, K2, etc., which are moving uniformly relative to each other, will not be equivalent for the description of natural phenomena.
		If the principle of relativity were not valid we should therefore expect that the direction of motion of the earth at any moment would enter into the laws of nature, and also that physical systems in their behaviour would be dependent on the orientation in space with respect to the earth.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Einstein/00000015.htm (735 words)

	General Relativity
		As we have seen, we cannot interpret the general principle of relativity as an indistinguishability requirement, for the indistinguishability group of the general theory is just the restricted group of transformations from one local inertial frame to another.
		That is, we interpret the general principle of relativity s the requirement that the symmetry group of our theory include all differentiable transformations: in effect, that it be just the group M.
		Thus, we have to be very careful, not to be misled by the similarity of names, "special relativity" and "general relativity"; in a nutshell, there is no "generalized principle of relativity" as Einstein once intended.
	www.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp /~suchii/gen.relativity.html (1697 words)

	Whitehead’s Principle of Relativity
		This principle is doubly relevant to the task at hand because it is characterized by Whitehead both as blurring the sharp distinction between universals and particulars and as constituting "the first step in the description of the universe as a solidarity of many actual entities" (PR 65).
		The principle of relativity, in turn, establishes the metaphysical character which each unit-product shares with all entities of all types -- namely, that they are, each and all, capacities for the determination of unit-processes and that they exercise their respective capacities by being reproduced within each unit-process that finds them already in existence.
		Thus, the principle of creativity is ultimate in one sense, and the principle of relativity is basic in another; thus, too, what is indefinable in one notion is presupposed by, or is relevant to, what is indefinable in the other.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2477 (8957 words)

	Read about Special relativity at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Special relativity and learn about Special ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Special relativity shows, in fact, that these concepts are all different aspects of the same physical quantity in much the same way that it shows space and time to be interrelated.
		Relativity in its Historical Context (http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Special_relativity.html) The discovery of special relativity was inevitable, given the momentous discoveries that preceded it.
		Synchronization Gauges and the Principles of Special Relativity (http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0409105) The principles of Special Relativity Theory (SRT) allow for a wide range of ‘theories’ that differ from the standard SRT only for the difference in the chosen synchronization procedures, but are wholly equivalent to SRT in predicting empirical facts.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Special_relativity (2605 words)

	Encyclopedia: General principle of relativity
		The general principle of relativity as used in Einstein's general theory of relativity is that the laws of physics must take the same form in all reference frames.
		The special principle of relativity is an assumption of Einsteins theory of special relativity that states that the laws of physics must take the same form in all inertial reference frames.
		The “general principle” was defined by Ernst Mach as the principle that all forms of motion between bodies can be said to be purely relative.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/General-principle-of-relativity (313 words)

	Chapter 5. The Principle of Relativity (In the Restricted Sense). Einstein, Albert. 1920. Relativity: The Special and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		We advance a step farther in our generalisation when we express the tenet thus: If, relative to K, K' is a uniformly moving co-ordinate system devoid of rotation, then natural phenomena run their course with respect to K' according to exactly the same general laws as with respect to K.
		If the principle of relativity (in the restricted sense) does not hold, then the Galileian co-ordinate systems K, K', K'', etc., which are moving uniformly relative to each other, will not be equivalent for the description of natural phenomena.
		This is a very powerful argument in favour of the principle of relativity.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/173/5.html (991 words)

	Chapter 28. Exact Formulation of the General Principle of Relativity. Einstein, Albert. 1920. Relativity: The Special ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		are now in a position to replace the provisional formulation of the general principle of relativity given in Section XVIII by an exact formulation.
		The general principle of relativity requires that all these mollusks can be used as reference-bodies with equal right and equal success in the formulation of the general laws of nature; the laws themselves must be quite independent of the choice of mollusk.
		The great power possessed by the general principle of relativity lies in the comprehensive limitation which is imposed on the laws of nature in consequence of what we have seen above.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/173/28.html (668 words)

	THE PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The principle of relativity states that there is no physical way to differentiate between a body moving at a constant speed and an immobile body.
		It is of course possible to determine that one body is moving relative to the other, but it is impossible to determine which of them is moving and which is immobile.
		the principle of relativity was accorded new importance in the theories of relativity proposed by
	muse.tau.ac.il /museum/galileo/principle_relativity.html (224 words)

	The relativity principle
		Physical phenomena are conventionally described relative to some frame of reference which allows us to define fundamental quantities such as position and time.
		However, this does not violate the relativity principle, since if the air were stationary in the second frame then sound waves would appear to propagate at 343 meters per second in this frame as well.
		, the determination of the speed of sound relative to stationary air) performed in two different inertial frames of reference yields exactly the same result, in accordance with the relativity principle.
	farside.ph.utexas.edu /~rfitzp/teaching/jk1/lectures/node7.html (606 words)

	General relativity
		General relativity is a theory of gravitation and to understand the background to the theory we have to look at how theories of gravitation developed.
		This assumption extends the principle of relativity to the case of uniformly accelerated motion of the reference frame.
		Hilbert applied the variational principle to gravitation and attributed one of the main theorem's concerning identities that arise to Emmy Noether who was in Göttingen in 1915.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/General_relativity.html (1995 words)

	[No title]
		There is indeed one theory of relativity, whether it is in the ‘special’ or the ‘general’ form, based on the single ‘principle of covariance’ (also called the ‘principle of relativity’).
		The ‘principle of covariance’ is the underlying axiom that defines this theory.
		The Mach Principle We have seen that the qualities of localized matter, such as the inertial mass or electric charge of ‘elementary particles’, are really only measures of their interactions within a closed system of matter, between these entities and the rest of the system.
	www.compukol.com /mendel/articles/The_Mach_Principle.doc (5275 words)

	Einstein, Albert. 1920. Relativity: The Special and General Theory
		The Principle of Relativity (In the Restricted Sense)
		The Apparent Incompatibility of the Law of Propagation of Light with the Principle of Relativity
		The Space-Time Continuum of the General Theory of Relativity Is not a Euclidean Continuum
	www.bartleby.com /173 (321 words)

	fundamental theory of space and time, extended space time transformations
		Several experimental and theoretical arguments speak in favour of the existence of an aether frame in a state of absolute rest (cosmic substratum) which is not compatible with the strict application of the relativity principle.
		and “Is the relativity principle an unquestionable concept of physics”;.
		It only seems to be relative because we make a confusion between the instantaneous events as such and the light signals issued from them Consult “Critique of some assumptions of special relativity and arguments in favour of an aether frame”
	www.levynewphysics.com (1823 words)

	Relativity for beginners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The most important aspect of Einstein's genius was that he would have given up on any principle of physics except the pure form of the principle of relativity, and this, plus a lot of hard work on his part over many years, finally led him to his great theories.
		It was Einstein's commitment to the pure form of the principle of relativity that distinguished him from Lorentz (Lorentz's ether theory of 1904) and Poincare (assumed the importance of the principle of relativity before Einstein wrote his seminal 1905 paper on special relativity).
		Einstein claimed to be a believer in the principle of relativity going back to his thought experiment on the propagation of light when he was 16 years old.
	www.ajnpx.com /html/Relativity-for-beginners.html (1413 words)

	[No title]
		For, like every other general law of nature, the law of the transmission of light in vacuo must, according to the principle of relativity, be the same for the railway carriage as reference-body as when the rails are the body of reference.
		If every ray of light is propagated relative to the embankment with the velocity c, then for this reason it would appear that another law of propagation of light must necessarily hold with respect to the carriage—a result contradictory to the principle of relativity.
		Prominent theoretical physicists were therefore more inclined to reject the principle of relativity, in spite of the fact that no empirical data had been found which f14 were contradictory to this principle.
	www.cs.umb.edu /~mudayak/173/7.html (781 words)

	Relative Velocity between a Source of Light and the Observer
		It is generally stated that the phenomenon observed depends on the relative velocity between the source of light and the observer.
		This idea probably results from the influence due to the Einstein’s Relativity Principle, but it is easy to show that this belief is not compatible with obvious experimental observations.
		Therefore, at that instant, the “relative velocity of the star with respect to Earth is zero”.
	www.newtonphysics.on.ca /faq/rel-velocities-1.html (889 words)

	On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies
		The observable phenomenon here depends only on the relative motion of the conductor and the magnet, whereas the customary view draws a sharp distinction between the two cases in which either the one or the other of these bodies is in motion.
		In accordance with the principle of relativity the length to be discovered by the operation (a)--we will call it ``the length of the rod in the moving system''--must be equal to the length l of the stationary rod.
		By the principle of relativity this electric charge is also of the magnitude ``one'' when measured in the moving system.
	www.fourmilab.ch /etexts/einstein/specrel/www (6419 words)

	The Light Cone: Galileo's Spacetime
		This is the first formulation of "The Principle of Relativity".
		The Galilean Principle of Relativity abolished the universality of the notion of "an observer at rest".
		What Galileo's Principle of Relativity does is that it establishes a sort-of democracy among all inertial observers in the sense that each inertial observer could view the world from the vantage point where he is at rest.
	www.phy.syr.edu /courses/modules/LIGHTCONE/galilean.html (1005 words)

	Amazon.com: The Principle of Relativity (Dover Books on Physics): Books: Albert Einstein,Frances A. Davis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The teaching of relativity is now done in a rather different way, emphasizing, from the beginning, the 4-dimensional picture, as in Taylor-Wheeler's "Spacetime physics".
		In contrast, the great paper on general relativity "Foundations of general relativity" has pedagogical preocupations, and is quite readable, including an interesting introduction to tensors which clearly shows that, master of the physics of the problem, Einstein was a novice at the mathematics of it.
		This is a collection of the original papers that led to the principle of relativity.
	www.amazon.com /Principle-Relativity-Dover-Books-Physics/dp/0486600815 (1551 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Principle of linguistic relativity [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The principle of linguistic relativity is Benjamin Whorf's theory of the way in which an individual's thoughts are influenced by the language(s) they have available to express them.
		Although Whorf spoke of his theory as being that thoughts were "determined" by the language available to express them, it is doubtful that he intended this in the sense of determinism as the term is understood in philosophy or psychology.
		Douglas Engelbart was inspired by the principle, among other ideas, to invent a variety of things like hypertext, the graphical user interface, and the mouse.
	encyclozine.com /Principle_of_linguistic_relativity (254 words)

	[No title]
		It is an extension of Einstein's principle of relativity.
		the principle of relativity is extended to scale transformations (on resolutions).
		Scale covariance is achieved by the introduction of a scale-covariant derivative, itself being an extension of the covariant derivative of general relativity.
	www.chez.com /etlefevre/rechell/ukrechel.htm (711 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Physics: Relativity: Alternative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Relativity and Gravitrons - Short page claiming that it is the acceleration of energy within a particle that produces mass and consequently gravity.
		Relativity or Ether Theory with a new Propagation of Light - A new analysis of the Michelson Experiment.
		The Spacetime Phenomena - The obvious conclusion from the principle of equivalency was drawn and applied in this work : In fact, the gravitational force is caused by the change of speed of spacetime structure, falling into a mass.
	dmoz.org /Science/Physics/Relativity/Alternative (1792 words)

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