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Topic: Printed wiring board

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	Printed Circuit Board and Computer Assembly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Printed wiring boards (PWBs) are the interconnective electrical framework and physical structure that hold together the various electronic components of a printed circuit board.
		The processing of the patterning of PWBs is essentially a photolithographic process that involves selectively depositing and removing layers of materials on a dielectric substrate that acts as the electrical “wiring” that is etched or deposited on the printed wiring board.
		Printed circuit board (PCB) assembly involves the hard attachment of electronic components to the PWB through the use of lead/tin solder (in a wave solder machine or applied as a paste and then reflowed in a low-temperature furnace) or epoxy resins (cured in a low-temperature furnace).
	www.ilo.org /encyclopaedia/?doc&nd=857200064&nh=0 (771 words)

	Printed circuit board - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A printed circuit board consists of "etched conductors" attached to a sheet of insulator.
		The vast majority of 'printed circuit boards' are made by adhering a layer of copper over the entire substrate, sometimes on both sides, (creating a "blank PCB") then removing unwanted copper by etching in an acid or ferric chloride solution, leaving only the desired copper traces.
		The boards then enter a zone where the temperature is high enough to melt the solder particles in the solder paste, bonding the component leads to the pads on the circuit board.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Printed_circuit_board (2470 words)

	Selective underfill for flip chips and flip-chip assemblies - Patent 6800946
		The flip-chip assembly may include a printed wiring board, wherein an active surface of the flip chip is positioned and secured to the printed wiring board, with at least one opto-electronic device on the flip chip optically coupled to an associated device on the printed wiring board.
		PWB 230 may be an opto-electronic module, an electromechanical module, a ceramic substrate, a hybrid circuit substrate, a package substrate, or a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate or a compound semiconductor substrate.
		PWB 230 may be a polyimide tape, a flex circuit, a high-density interconnect board, an electromechanical circuit board, or an opto-electronic circuit board.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6800946.html (7702 words)

	Printed circuit board - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A printed circuit board consists of "printed wires" attached to a sheet of insulator.
		The board is pre-heated, passed through an oven containing infrared lamps whose heat melts the solder, then the board is slowly cooled.
		On-board resistors are sometimes necessary in circuits which would be unreachable from the outside.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /printed_circuit_board.htm (2246 words)

	Conduits, Cables Or Conductors - Preformed Panel Circuit Arrangement (e.g., Printed Circuit) patents
		A solder resist comprising a thermosetting resin is printed on a surface of an insulating board (7) having a conductor circuit (6).
		The printed wiring board includes a substrate, an electrically conductive pattern formed on the substrate, and an electrical insulator covering the substrate and the electrically conductive pattern therewith, wherein a region of the electrically conductive pattern exposed through an opening formed throughout the electrical insulator is used as the pad,...
		A wiring circuit pattern of this invention is formed by forming a resin resist pattern film on a conductor layer of a base of a printed circuit board in which at least an insulating layer and the conductor layer are stacked on at least one surface of the base, and...
	www.freshpatents.com /x1174250000psbc.php (3725 words)

	pwb - printed wiring board
		PWB capabilities can be tailored for any product.
		Our PWB manufacturers and professionals are located in the USA and various countries around the globe.
		PWB manufacturer for a broad cross-section of the electronics industry, including...
	www.pcbs-printedcircuitboard.com /pwb.html (153 words)

	Printed circuit board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The simplest PCB is a layer of copper foil glued to a sheet of plastic, often an epoxy glue reinforced with fiberglass.
		Printed circuit technology normally uses photolithography to make the conductors.
		Multi-layer boards are needed for complex digital circuits such as computers.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/printed_circuit_board (1852 words)

	Bare-Board Electrical Testing
		The board user has already determined that electrical test is appropriate and necessary and has made it a requirement as part of supplying the board.
		When the system compresses the board on the fixture, the fixture compresses as well, producing a dynamic pin placement and pin curving/bending situation that is difficult to allow for in design and likely to produce loss of pointing accuracy, false opens, and shorting at the crimp point.
		Many board manufacturers look for flexibility in adding capacity, that is, the ability to add capacity quickly by adding automation to existing equipment or adding test capacity in small capital increments via the dedicated test system.
	www.ectinfo.com /files/resource/technical/bareboard_hallee.htm (19605 words)

	Early Stage Impacts of the Printed Wiring Board Joint Venture, Assessed at Project End
		Printed wiring boards are important because they are the backbone of the electronics industry.
		Comparing rigid and flexible board usage, the communications sector uses a higher proportion of rigid boards and a lower proportion of flexible boards, while the military uses a higher proportion of flexible boards relative to its use of rigid boards.
		PWB producers are divided into two general groups: manufacturers that produce PWBs for their own end-product use and manufacturers that produce boards for sale to others.
	www.atp.nist.gov /eao/pwbrpt.htm (6972 words)

	Glossary of Printed Circuit Design and Manufacturing
		Depending on which system it is designed for, one type of DUT board is used in testing individual integrated circuits in a silicon wafer before they are cut free and packaged, and another type is used for testing packaged IC 's.
		Board houses work from positives, and a photo plotter produces positives, thus one set of positives is all the film that is needed to produce a printed wiring board.
		A plated-through hole in a PWB used to route a trace vertically in the board, that is, from one layer to another.
	www.goldengategraphics.com /pcgloss.htm (9643 words)

	Printed Wiring Board Manufacturing Advances
		Boards incorporating heavy copper circuits are produced in exactly the same way, albeit with specialized etching and plating techniques, such as high-speed/step plating and differential etching.
		Thermal strains come from various board fabrication, assembly and repair processes, where the differences between the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Cu and the PWB laminate provide the driving force for crack nucleation and growth to failure of the current-carrying capability of the board.
		Printed circuit board manufacturers know that copper electroplating isn't an exact science — changes in current densities across a board and through numerous hole/via sizes result in copper thickness variations of up to 25%.
	powerelectronics.com /mag/power_printed_wiring_board (2045 words)

	Expert: Printed Wiring Board Assembly Expert
		His background covers the bare PWB, design guidelines, and surface mount paste and wave soldering with an emphasis on soldering to six sigma levels.
		He is an expert in the application of nitrogen to IR no-clean flux and solder reflow.
		He developed printed-wiring board processes for the bare PWB and teaches in-house courses on how to write specifications to increase PWB yield.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=605084&perID=107977 (1338 words)

	Printed Wiring Board : Pollution Prevention Work Practices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Design for the Environment (DfE) Printed Wiring Board Project is a voluntary, cooperative effort between the printed wiring board (PWB) industry, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and other stakeholders dedicated to helping PWB manufacturers find cost-effective ways to incorporate environmental concerns into business decisions.
		This case study concentrates on relatively simple changes that PWB manufacturers have found to be helpful in reducing chemical losses, increasing bath life, conserving water, reducing sludge volume, or recovering materials that otherwise would have been disposed.
		One PWB manufacturing plant with a throughput of 1,000 boards per week was able to save over 850,000 gallons of water per year.
	www.emcentre.com /unepweb/tec_case/commun_32/house/h4.htm (1819 words)

	Method of manufacturing multilayer printed wiring board (US5404637)
		A plurality of fine wires are inserted into the through-hole, and a molten solder is filled into the through-hole by a capillary action due to small gaps formed between the fine wires.
		A multilayer printed wiring board may be provided comprising a plurality of wiring board layers each having a substrate and a respective circuit pattern formed thereon.
		If an electronic component is to be connected with the printed wiring board through the through-hole, the leads of the electronic component may comprise the plurality of fine wires.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US05404637__ (315 words)

	Signal Integrity Principles for Semiconductor Packaging, Printed Wiring Boards, Connectors and Cabling (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This seminar provides a comprehensive educational experience in the principles of signal integrity engineering as it applies to semiconductor packaging, printed wiring board, cable and connector electrical performance.
		To provide state-of-the-art signal integrity theory and measurement techniques for semiconductor packaging, printed wiring board, cable and connectors as they relate to the design of digital systems.
		Printed wiring board measurement of impedance, propagation delay, risetime bandwidth, forward and backward crosstalk.
	www.nesa.com /sig3.html (661 words)

	Microelectronics 101: Interconnect Printed Wiring Boards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As the chip carrier is the interface for the semiconductor device, printed wiring boards (PWBs) serve as the interface for the chip carrier packages.
		They are usually made from organic laminated materials which consist of a particular resin (epoxy, polymide, phenolic) embedded with some type of reinforcement (glass, paper, combinations thereof) and have copper foil attached to the outer surfaces.
		The structure of the PWB, which comprises layers of power and signal planes as well as wiring density, is determined by the type, number and placement of those packages.
	www-03.ibm.com /chips/about/technology/makechip/interconnect/7.html (197 words)

	Printed Wiring Board Conformal Coating
		Conformal coating is a thin layer of dielectric material which applied to a printed wiring board that provides environmental and mechanical protection to the circuits on the PWB.
		PWB External Etched Copper Current Capacity: current rating based on trace cross section in square mils, temperature rise and current in amperes.
		PWB Internal Etched Copper Current Capacity: current rating based on trace cross section in square mils, temperature rise and current in amperes.
	www.interfacebus.com /PWB_Conformal_Coating.html (293 words)

	Printed Wiring Boards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In Japan, the printed wiring board used to be called a "Printed Circuit Board." Nowadays in Japan the name "Printed Circuit Board" is not used because the initials of "Printed Circuit Board" are "PCB." PCB also stands for "Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)," which is a poison.
		So in Japan, we refer to the boards as "Printed Wiring Boards." In other countries, they are still refered to as "Printed Circuit Boards," or PCBs.
		To use the board, the parts are mounted on the face of the board, and the component leads are passed through the nearest holes, to project through the bottom of the board, where the wires can be soldered together.
	www.interq.or.jp /japan/se-inoue/e_pwb.htm (385 words)

	Printed Wiring Board Partnership \| Design for the Environment (DfE) \| US EPA
		PWBs, or printed circuit boards (PCBs), provide the physical structure for mounting and holding electronic components, as well as providing the electrical interconnection between the components.
		PWBs are the foundation for virtually all of the world's electronics.
		The DfE Printed Wiring Board (PWB) Partnership encouraged the use of technologies that improve both environmental performance and competitiveness of the PWB industry.
	www.epa.gov /opptintr/dfe/pubs/projects/pwb/index.htm (223 words)

	Printed Wiring Board On-Site Etchant Regeneration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The manufacture of printed wiring boards (PWBs), the building blocks of the electronics industry, requires using substantial amounts of water and energy, and some hazardous chemicals that pose potential environmental and health risks.
		In the process of making PWBs using the "subtractive" process, the circuit pattern is created by chemically etching copper from the unprotected (non-circuit) areas of the copper-coated panel, leaving circuit traces protected with photoresist.
		Approximately 60% of the copper on the board is removed in the typical etching process.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/10/09585.htm (2377 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Printed circuit board [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		PCB Milling, the use of a 2 or 3 axis mechanical milling systems to mill away the copper foil from the substrate.
		PCB Printing, the use of conductive ink or epoxy to form traces directly on substrate material.
		Although not recommended for high volume board production, it is an ideal technology for in-house RandD and small batch production.
	encyclozine.com /Printed_circuit_board (2275 words)

	Circuitboards . com : Printed Circuit Board Manufacturer
		A protrusion of the Printed Circuit Board edge that is manufactured to a configuration to mate with a receptacle that provides electrical and/or mechanical junction between the Printed Circuit Board and other circuitry.
		A plated-thru hole in a Printed Circuit Board that is used to provide electrical connection between a trace on one side of the Printed Circuit Board to a trace on the other side.
		The alignment of a pad on one side of the Printed Circuit Board (or layers of a multi-layer board) to its mating pad on the opposite side.
	www.circuitboards.com /terms.php3 (651 words)

	Advanced polymers on metal printed wiring board (US4963697) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A printed wiring board is comprised of a combination of layers providing a good thermal match with surface mount components.
		The board consists of a core surrounded by multiple layers of dielectric and conductive materials optimized for their thermal expansion qualities.
		A printed wiring board having a top and bottom surface, said surfaces having a plurality of mounting pads, said printed wiring board further including:
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US04963697 (381 words)

	STUDY HIGHLIGHTS ATP PROJECT'S IMPACT ON $7 BILLION PRINTED WIRING BOARD INDUSTRY
		The joint research project on advanced manufacturing technologies for the printed wiring board industry achieved an estimated $35.5 million in research cost savings--over two and a half times the ATP investment in the project--and significantly accelerated work on just over half of the project's tasks.
		"Printed Wiring Board Interconnect Systems" was submitted to the ATP by the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS) and was one of 11 projects accepted for ATP support that year.
		The 32 research tasks in the project that participants felt they would have undertaken even without the ATP were accelerated by at least a year (in an industry where timing is critical), and the research savings engendered by the joint venture through sharing information and avoiding duplication of effort amounted to about $35.5 million.
	www.atp.nist.gov /press/n97-31.htm (1196 words)

	Etching solution, method of etching and printed wiring board patent invention
		Since a wiring interval should be determined taking the side etching in consideration in designing a high-density wiring, it is difficult to attain a high density of wiring.
		Therefore, an additive method by which a circuit pattern can expectantly be formed in a desired direction to a high density of wiring has been attracting attention in the field of art.
		Therefore, it is possible to form a high-density circuit pattern having the extremely fine traces, which leads to a higher wiring density of a printed wiring board.
	www.freshpatents.com /Etching-solution-method-of-etching-and-printed-wiring-board-dt20060907ptan20060199394.php (1147 words)

	Interpretation Regarding Printed Wiring Board Silk Screening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		On May 20, 1996 you called requesting an applicability interpretation regarding the cleaning of silk screens that are used in the stenciling of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
		As you reported, the boards were stenciled with an organic coating as part of the manufacturing process, but this marking operation did not involve any electroplating, etching, or other metal-based operation.
		However, because 40 CFR 413 does not include "Painting" as a regulated unit operation (as is the case for 40 CFR 433), the effluent from the silk screen printing or silk screen cleaning should not be subject to the 40 CFR 413 regulatory limitations.
	www.nmfrc.org /data/1996l.htm (583 words)

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