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Topic: Prinzmetal angina

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angina pectoris

Unstable Angina

Stable Angina

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	Angina Pectoris
		Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. Angina is a symptom of a condition called myocardial ischemia. It occurs when the heart muscle (myocardium) doesn't get as much blood (hence as much oxygen) as it needs.
		Angina also can occur in people with valvular heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (this is an enlarged heart due to disease) or uncontrolled high blood pressure. These cases are rare, though.
		Angina is a sign that someone is at increased risk of heart attack, cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=4472 (532 words)

	angina
		Angina pectoris is a temporary part of the heart muscle not getting enough blood, whereas a heart attack occurs when some part of the heart is suddenly and permanently cut off from the blood supply which causes permanent damage to the heart muscle (8).
		Angina pectoris is thought to be a precursor to approximately 40 percent of acute coronary events (1).
		Prinzmetal’s or variant angina is caused by a vasospasm, a spasm that narrows the coronary artery and lessens the blood flow to the heart(8).
	www.musc.edu /bmt737/spring2001/Kate/angina2.html (1460 words)

	Angina (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Angina Pectoris ("angina") is a recurring pain or discomfort in the chest that happens when some part of the heart does not receive enough blood.
		Angina pain means that some of the heart muscle in not getting enough blood temporarily--for example, during exercise, when the heart has to work harder.
		Patients with angina are at an increased risk of heart attack compared with those who have no symptoms of cardiovascular disease, but the episode of angina is not a signal that a heart attack is about to happen.
	www.manhattanmed.com /MedicalConditions/Angina.htm (1978 words)

	Prinzmetal's angina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prinzmetal's angina, also known as variant angina or angina inversa, is a syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) at rest that occurs in cycles.
		It is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls rather than directly by atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries).
		Prinzmetal angina typically responds to nitrates and calcium channel blockers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prinzmetal's_angina (313 words)

	Angina - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Angina pectoris is a Latin phrase that means "strangling in the chest." Patients often say that angina is like a squeezing, suffocating, or burning feeling in their chest, but an episode of angina is not a heart attack.
		Angina is the pain you feel when a diseased vessel in your heart (called a coronary artery) can no longer deliver enough blood to a part of the heart muscle to meet its need for oxygen.
		Angina attacks in men usually happen after the age of 30 and are nearly always caused by coronary artery disease (CAD).
	texasheart.org /HIC/Topics/Cond/Angina.cfm (1134 words)

	Angina pectoris - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Angina pectoris is chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) of the heart muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries (the heart's blood vessels).
		Coronary artery disease, the main cause of angina, is due to atherosclerosis of the cardiac arteries.
		The main goals of treatment in angina pectoris are relief of symptoms, slowing progression of the disease, and reduction of future events, especially heart attacks and of course death.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Angina (1205 words)

	DHMC Cardiology \| Conditions \| Additional Angina Information
		Angina is the day-to-day consequence of this narrowing.
		Stable angina implies the presence of angina, evoked by a predictable level of exercise, which is not changing in its pattern of occurrence.
		Variant or “Prinzmetal’s” angina is caused by a temporary spasm of the muscular layer within the wall of the artery producing narrowing.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~cardio/Patients/conditions/con_angina2.html (1184 words)

	Prinzmetals Angina FAQ
		In contrast to regular angina, Prinzmetal's angina occurs primarily at night during sleep, and is not assocaited with exercise or stress.
		Prinzmetal's angina is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.
		Prinzmetal's angina is caused by coronary artery spasm.
	www.askphysicians.com /faq/Cardiology/PrinzmetalsAngina.htm (145 words)

	Angina Pectoris
		Angina may be more difficult to identify in some elderly patients when they have symptoms such as abdominal pain after eating (due to increased blood demand for digestion) or have back or shoulder pain (which may be thought to be due to arthritis).
		Stable angina is characterized by predictable patterns of symptoms and periods of discomfort that occur during exercise or periods of stress.
		Unstable angina, one of the acute coronary syndromes that includes heart attack, is characterized by a change in the pattern of angina episodes, occurring more frequently, at rest, and/or not responding to treatment.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/conditions/angina.html (552 words)

	Angina (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Angina is a result of coronary artery disease.
		Angina is most often precipitated by physical exertion that increases the work load on the heart.
		Angina affects women greater than men in each age and race category.
	www.supplementnews.org /angina (482 words)

	Angina - All Sections (printer-friendly)
		Angina pain is the result of reduced blood flow to an area of heart muscle.
		Angina is often described as pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in the chest.
		If your doctor suspects that you have unstable angina or that your angina is related to a serious heart condition, he or she may order one or more tests.
	www.nhlbi.nih.gov /health/dci/Diseases/Angina/Angina_All.html (3826 words)

	Angina - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Angina pectoris is a Latin phrase that means "strangling in the chest." Patients often say that angina is like a squeezing, suffocating, or burning feeling in their chest, but an episode of angina is not a heart attack.
		Angina is the pain you feel when a diseased vessel in your heart (called a coronary artery) can no longer deliver enough blood to a part of the heart muscle to meet its need for oxygen.
		Angina tends to start in the center of the chest, but the pain may spread to your left arm, neck, back, throat, or jaw.
	www.texasheartinstitute.org /HIC/Topics/Cond/Angina.cfm (1144 words)

	Angina Pectoris : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., natural supplements for angina medication for angina
		Angina medications are used to control the symptoms of angina caused by blocked or narrowed coronary arteries.
		Ludwig’s angina is not a form of chest pain, but rather a rapidly spreading bilateral cellulitis of the floor of the mouth, which can compromise the airway.
		Angina is pain or discomfort, most often in the chest, that happens when some region of the heart does not receive enough oxygen from the blood.
	www.raysahelian.com /angina.html (1040 words)

	Angina (chest pain) information on MedicineNet.com
		Angina (angina pectoris - Latin for squeezing of the chest) is the chest discomfort that occurs when the blood oxygen supply to an area of the heart muscle does not meet the demand.
		Angina typically lasts from 1 to 15 minutes and is relieved by rest or by placing a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue.
		During angina, the lack of oxygen (ischemia) to the heart muscle is temporary and reversible.
	www.medicinenet.com /angina/article.htm (910 words)

	LifeHeart.com \| Other Types of Angina
		The angina pain or discomfort is thought to be caused by inadequate blood flow through the microvasculature, which may cause these tiny vessels to tighten up.
		Angina that lasts, without relief from rest or your short-acting nitroglycerin, is usually considered a medical emergency.
		Variant angina often seems to be caused by a more severe spasm or constriction of one of the arteries that lie on the outside surface of the heart, caused by small, usually unimportant plaque.
	www.lifeheart.com /patient/angina/other_types.asp (1050 words)

	Angina Pectoris
		Angina pectoris is a syndrome characterized by chest pain resulting from an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand, and is most commonly caused by the inability of atherosclerotic coronary arteries to perfuse the heart under conditions of increased myocardial oxygen consumption.
		Unstable angina pectoris is probably not a single entity, but a combination of syndromes which have been referred to by various names, such as preinfarction angina, impending myocardial infarction, progressive or crescendo angina, coronary insufficiency, new onset angina, etc.
		The diagnosis of angina pectoris is established by obtaining a reliable description of the chest discomfort and its relationship to activity.
	www.sh.lsuhsc.edu /fammed/OutpatientManual/Angina.htm (1580 words)

	s000414a - Prinzmetal Angina - Ergonovine Provocation Test
		Patients with variant angina in whom spasm was provoked: by low doses of acetylcholine or ergonovine, had a higher incidence of coexisting angiographic evidence of coronary: artery disease, multi-vessel spasm and more frequent episodes of angina.
		Abstract: Eighteen patients with variant angina, a positive ergonovine test, and a favorable response to calcium antagonists were: studied by serial ergonovine tests and Holter monitoring to assess the long-term changes in response to ergonovine and: the relationship with the spontaneous activity of the disease.
		Angina was provoked by ergonovine in all 34 patients, by: exercise in 17 and by the cold pressor test in only 5 (p less than 0.005).
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch99/s000414a.html (4232 words)

	Angina (chest pain) information on MedicineNet.com
		Angina is usually felt as a squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightening, or aching across the chest, particularly behind the breastbone.
		Angina as a result of a coronary artery spasm is called "variant" angina or Prinzmetal angina.
		Angina is usually a warning sign of the presence of significant coronary artery disease.
	www.medicinenet.com /Angina/article.htm (910 words)

	Heart Info - Angina: A Patient Guide
		Angina is short for “angina pectoris,” which in Latin means “pain of the chest.” More specifically, angina is pain originating from the heart when it doesn’t get enough blood flow.
		Angina is not the same as a heart attack, but the difference is only one of degree.
		The symptoms are similar to those of the other forms of angina, but usually occur at rest and may occur in younger persons and those felt to be at low risk for CAD (though cigarette smoking is associated with this form of angina, too).
	www.heartinfo.org /ms/guides/3/main.html (3204 words)

	Prinzmetal's variant angina - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Prinzmetal's variant angina: A rare disorder where the heart artery spasms which affects the blood flow to the heart and causes pain.
		Angina pectoris is the name for a chest pain or discomfort caused by a lack of blood supply to the heart muscle.
		Prinzmetal's variant angina is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /p/prinzmetals_variant_angina/intro.htm (363 words)

	What is Angina?
		Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common type of heart disease.
		Angina is caused by reduced blood flow to an area of the heart.
		Angina is not a heart attack, but it does mean that you are at greater risk of having a heart attack than someone who does not have angina.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/1100/1196.asp?index=5877 (3466 words)

	Prinzmetal's Angina (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If you have well defined Prinzmetal’s angina, we may be able to help devise a safe, case-specific medical intervention, depending on the presence or absence of two gene polymorphisms associated with arterial spasm, and a mutation associated with abnormalities in nitric oxide synthesis.
		It is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by contraction of the smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls rather than by atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries).
		Prinzmetal angina typically, but not always, responds to nitrates and calcium channel blockers.
	www.jewishhospitalcincinnati.com /cholesterol/prinzmetals_angina.htm (710 words)

	eMedicine - Angina Pectoris : Article by Jamshid Alaeddini, MD
		Prinzmetal angina is defined as resting angina associated with ST-segment elevation caused by focal coronary artery spasm.
		Angina decubitus is a variant of angina pectoris that occurs at night while the patient is recumbent.
		Unstable angina is defined as new-onset angina (ie, within 2 mo of initial presentation) of at least class III severity, significant recent increase in frequency and severity of angina, or angina at rest.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic133.htm (8408 words)

	Prinzmetal's angina American Journal of Critical Care - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since the patient was asymptomatic and by history her new symptoms were unrelated to anything specific and were in fact unprovoked, a 48-hour Holter ECG monitor was applied in an effort to document any ECG changes that may appear associated with her symptoms.
		Myron Prinzmetal first described a "variant" form of angina in his classic 1959 publication in the American Journal of Medicine.
		(1) The term "variant" angina or PVA is a distinct clinical entity characterized by episodes of chest pain occurring at rest, associated with ST-segment elevation and caused by coronary vasospasm.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0NUB/is_4_13/ai_n6354751 (992 words)

	p000414a - Prinzmetal Angina - Ergonovine Provocation Test
		In patients with chest pain suggestive of variant angina, we performed this prospective study to test the: specificity and diagnostic validity of ergonovine echocardiography (detection of regional wall motion abnormality during: bedside ergonovine challenge) as a screening procedure before coronary angiography.
		Abstract: Hyperventilation and ergonovine tests were carried out in a group of 30 patients with variant angina to assess the: sensitivity of the 2 tests and to correlate the response with spontaneous disease activity.
		Thus, in variant angina the sensitivity of both tests correlates with disease activity.: Hyperventilation is a safe provocative test with a sensitivity similar to ergonovine in patients with active disease;: however, in patients with sporadic attacks hyperventilation has a lower sensitivity than ergonovine and therefore a limited: diagnostic value.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch99/p000414a.html (1527 words)

	eMedicine - Acute Coronary Syndrome : Article by Drew E Fenton
		Angina that is reproduced by exercise, eating, and/or stress and is subsequently relieved with rest, and without recent change in frequency or severity of activity that produce symptoms, is called chronic stable angina.
		A less common cause of angina is dynamic obstruction, which may be caused by intense focal spasm of a segment of an epicardial artery (Prinzmetal angina).
		Secondary unstable angina occurs when the precipitating cause is extrinsic to the coronary arterial bed, such as fever, tachycardia, thyrotoxicosis, hypotension, anemia, or hypoxemia.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic31.htm (8940 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Stable angina
		Stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that typically occurs with activity or stress.
		Angina is caused by too little blood flow to the heart.
		Angina pectoris is the medical term for this type of chest pain.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000198.htm (743 words)

	Myron Prinzmetal
		CLARENCE M. Myron Prinzmetal was born in Buffalo, New York, on February 8, 1908, the second son of Anna and Harry Prinzmetal.
		In 1959, with Dr. Rexford Kennamer and others, he published their first observations on the variant form of angina pectoris, a landmark report that was to ensure him a place in the annals of medicine.
		This type of angina became known as "Prinzmetal’s angina." Many other articles and several books were to follow until illness forced him to retire from research and practice.
	www.prinzmetal.net /myron_prinzmetal.htm (884 words)

	Angina and Unstable Angina - cardiologychannel
		Angina, also called angina pectoris, is a symptom of ischemic heart disease (IHD).
		Angina is classified broadly as stable or unstable, depending on its pattern of occurrence and severity.
		Stable angina occurs when increased physical activity (e.g., hurrying across a street or climbing a long flight of stairs) creates a greater demand for oxygen-rich blood to reach heart tissue.
	www.cardiologychannel.com /angina (666 words)

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