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	Cost - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social costs are the sum of private costs and external costs.
		A psychic cost is a subset of social costs that specifically represent the costs of added stress or losses to quality of life.
		Costs are often underestimated resulting in cost overrun during implementation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Private_cost (734 words)

	Private Prisons in Oregon: A Good Idea
		Private prisons do face challenges of authority, legitimacy, procedural justice, accountability, liability, cost, security safety, and corruptibility, but only because they are prisons, not because they are private.(6) Typically, the issues of contention fall under six categories, and brief discussions of these look like this.
		Private prisons "doing well" is equivalent to their ability to do better, which includes creating correctional settings which give fewer occasions to infringe on prisoners' rights that could result in costly litigation.
		The costs of the 6% of base salary state contribution, the 9.11% state matching contribution, and the 7.65% social security contribution are accounted for in security costs and personnel costs, but the administration cost of the PERS system is accounted for by another agency.
	www.cascadepolicy.org /bgc/private.htm (11613 words)

	Public Cost of Private Corporations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Whether a phenomenon is a cost, and the magnitude of that cost, is a function of individual preferences, temporal conditions, and social structure.
		The measurement of a cost's value may be biased by the measuring instrument or methodology as well as by the experience, knowledge, and attitude -- not to mention the mere presence -- of the measurer.
		Costs of this form of pollution attributable to business are estimated at $1.7 billion in damage to health, $3.1 billion for crop losses, $1.1 billion for corrosion and other material damage, and $2.6 billion for additional impairment in property values (Freeman, 1982, pp.
	www.stakeholderalliance.org /corpcost.html (8127 words)

	Cost of Private Mortgage Insurance
		The objective of this article is to explain the purpose and cost of PMI and to provide the homeowner with an understanding of the rates of return that can be achieved by investing in home equity and thereby eliminating unnecessary PMI premiums.
		Ignoring the cost of PMI and the home mortgage interest tax deduction, the after-tax return on an additional investment in home equity is simply the mortgage rate of interest.
		To determine the attractiveness of this option, the cost of the appraisal is simply compared to the present value of the future PMI premiums that would be eliminated by demonstrating an 80% or lower loan-to-value ratio.
	www.westga.edu /~bquest/1997/costof.html (3340 words)

	What is the difference between private and social costs, and how do they relate to pollution and production? (11/2002)
		The social costs include all these private costs (fuel, oil, maintenance, insurance, depreciation, and operator's driving time) and also the cost experienced by people other than the operator who are exposed to the congestion and air pollution resulting from the use of the car.
		If a firm (or nation) pays only the private costs and avoids paying the external costs associated with their product, then output and prices would be determined at point P where the marginal private cost curve (heavy solid fl line) meets the demand curve (thin purple line).
		When private and external costs are paid by the firm, the marginal social cost curve (dotted red line) is created by adding the marginal external costs to the marginal private costs.
	www.frbsf.org /education/activities/drecon/2002/0211.html (1186 words)

	Social cost - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social cost, in economics, is the total of all the costs associated with an economic activity.
		The ideas of social cost and externality are often used in Keynesian economics as an example of market failure and an argument for government intervention in the form of regulations.
		Because the marginal social cost curve (MSC) is above the marginal private cost curve (MPC), this diagram illustrates the case of a negative externality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_cost (654 words)

	Charles W. Thomas on Private/Public Prison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Such studies would compare the cost benefits of facilities designed and constructed by private management firms with facilities designed and constructed by government agencies---with, naturally, the caveat that the comparisons be of public and private facilities housing comparable prisoner populations whenever the possibility of doing so exists.
		Regarding private facilities, for example, an obvious performance indicator is provided by whether contracts have been terminated or non-renewed because of a failure on the part of independent contractors to meet the performance requirements set forth in the terms and conditions of their contracts.
		First, the cost and performance study they did choose outside of Texas (i.e., the Tennessee Select Oversight Committee on Corrections study which was subsequently re-analyzed in the Washington study) yields a lower cost saving from privatization than is reported by all other credible studies published within or beyond the boundaries of the United States.
	www.securitymanagement.com /library/000253.html (4213 words)

	Private Corrections Offers Better Service, Lower Cost, Says RPPI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Private Prisons: Quality Corrections at a Lower Cost was written by Reason Public Policy Institute Director of Economic Studies Adrian T. Moore, a nationally recognized authority on private corrections.
		However, when you look at the cost savings and innovation that occur in private prisons, as well as the extent of their use, you find that this simply is not the case," stated Moore.
		Private facilities also cost roughly 10 to 15 percent less to operate than their public counterparts.
	www.rppi.org /043098.html (537 words)

	Strategy 4: Private Sector Cost-Sharing in Medicaid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Individual cost sharing(4) involves some form of payment by covered individuals to spread the cost of coverage between the insured and the insurer and to encourage cost conscious utilization of services (including prescription drugs).
		Research shows that, for very low-income people, payment is a barrier to prevention and needed care.(5)(6) Medicaid prohibits cost sharing for pregnant women, children under age 18, those expected to contribute most of their income to institutional care, and for emergency care or family planning services.
		These strategies are not likely to lead to direct cost savings as a result of the recovered dollars since they tend to be administratively complex and the payoffs are limited in comparison to the effort required.
	www.ncsl.org /programs/health/forum/cost/strat4.htm (1662 words)

	Private Telecommunications Networks
		Private lines were used by the "wire services" to distribute news stories and market quotations to the thousands of newspapers around the nation.
		The uses made of private networks by the financial community, newspapers, and manufacturers, illustrate that the rapid growth of private networks prior to the Great Depression was not a "Tragedy." Instead, private networks were an economically efficient response to the needs of the information intensive sectors of the economy.
		The cost of these switching interoffice calls is, at the minimum, twice as expensive as the cost of an intraoffice call.
	www.columbia.edu /dlc/wp/citi/citi509.html (6302 words)

	Wikinfo \| Cost
		The latter is the value of the most valuable endeavour that had to be foregone in order to pursue the current endeavour--i.e., what could have been accomplished with the resources expended in the undertaking.
		Another important distinction is between private cost and social cost; the former is the part of the cost paid by the purchaser of a good or service, while the latter is the part of the same cost paid by society at large.
		One technique in microeconomics is to analyze various costs incurred by consumers and others by type and category.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=cost (296 words)

	Private Prisons Save Money, Boost Productivity, Studies Find (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		States with less than 5 percent of their prison population in private facilities experienced a 12.5 percent increase in expenditures over the period studied, versus an 18.9 percent increase for states without private prisons.
		States that had turned over larger shares of their prison populations to private management experienced even greater savings: Expenditure growth was just 5.9 percent for this group over the period studied.
		While the Vanderbilt study looked at privatization’s effect on the growth of prison expenditures over time, the Rio Grande study was more a snapshot of how privatization affected corrections spending in 2001.
	www.rppi.org /privateprisonssave.shtml (1429 words)

	What's The Cost of a College Education?
		In the past couple of years the rate of increase at private colleges has actually slowed, the result in part of market forces: Families have been turning to state schools in greater numbers, forcing the private colleges to cut their prices, or at least to slow the increase of their prices.
		The average cost of a year's tuition, room and board, and fees at a private college last year was $22,541 (source: the College Board).
		The average cost of a year's tuition, room and board, and fees at a public university last year was $8,470 (source: the College Board).
	www.princetonreview.com /college/finance/articles/save/costcollege.asp (414 words)

	Employment Cost Index news release text
		Wages and salaries for private industry workers rose 0.8 percent for the September quarter, compared with an increase of 0.9 percent in the prior quarter.
		Compensation costs in private industry rose 3.0 percent in the year ended September 2006, compared with a 2.9 percent increase in September 2005.
		Benefit costs gained 3.3 percent for civilian workers for the year ended September 2006, slowing significantly from increases of 5.0 percent for the year ended September 2005 and 6.6 percent for the year ended September 2004.
	www.bls.gov /news.release/eci.nr0.htm (1494 words)

	Jersey City Online The Real Cost Of Private Schools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, many people believe that such a small amount could not possibly cover tuition at a private school; they may be thinking of such costly schools and concluding that all private schools cost in excess of $10,000 a year.
		The average tuition for all private schools, elementary and secondary, is $3,116, or less than half of the cost per pupil in the average public school, $6,857.
		A survey of private schools in Indianapolis, Jersey City, San Francisco, and Atlanta shows that there are many options available to families with $3,000 to spend on a child's education.
	www.jerseycityonline.com /schools/private_schools.htm (911 words)

	Private Health Services Plan/PHSP
		It was introduced as a cost efficient and tax effective means of providing health and dental benefits for small and medium sized businesses.
		The Private Health Services Plan (PHSP) is an inexpensive way for incorporated employers and sole proprietors to provide tax free health and dental services for themselves and their dependents, their employees and their dependents.
		With the ever increasing cost of health and dental expenses, Cost Plus is the health care plan every small and medium sized business should not be without.
	www.costplus.ca (328 words)

	VALUING PRIVATE COMPANIES AND DIVISIONS
		Private firms and divisions of firms are not traded, and thus do not have past prices.
		Estimate the optimal debt ratio for the private firm, based upon its operating income and cost of capital.
		Different Accounting Standards: The accounting statements for private firms are often based upon different accounting standards than public firms, which operate under much tighter constraints on what to report and when to report.
	pages.stern.nyu.edu /~adamodar/New_Home_Page/lectures/pvt.html (2007 words)

	Private School Tuition, Private School Cost, Private School Fees, Cost Estimated Private School
		The percentage of Florida students enrolled in private schools has risen from 9.31 percent in 1992 to 12.5 percent in 2001.
		While the estimated cost of private school may seem like a substantial amount of money, the dividends it pays are enormous.
		Those factors alone make the estimated cost of private school not an expense, but an investment in your child’s future.
	www.flair.com /pages/admissions/fee.htm (162 words)

	100 Best Private College Values - Kiplinger.com
		But there is a hopeful development: Thanks to a little-noticed trend in financial aid, most students at private colleges do not actually pay the full four-year fare.
		Now, we've put more than 1,300 private schools under our microscope to determine which combine academic excellence with generous aid packages and lower total costs.
		More than four-fifths of students at private colleges get some help paying the bills, and, on average, the real out-of-pocket cost is about 61% of the sticker price.
	www.kiplinger.com /features/archives/2003/12/privatecollege.html (805 words)

	Private Prisons: Cost Savings and BOP's Statutory Authority Need to Be Resolved
		GAO reports on the use of private prisons as a possible means of abetting crowding problems within the federal prison system.
		GAO identifies four states and sixteen local governments that have contracted with the private sector for the management and operation of a correctional or detention facility.
		GAO concludes that the Bureau of Prisons does not have sufficient statutory authority to use private prisons for the general adult inmate population.
	www.nicic.org /Library/009375 (330 words)

	Private hospitals cost more, study finds
		An article to be published in Tuesday's Canadian Medical Association Journal says private hospitals cost taxpayers and insurance companies more than public ones.
		A group of researchers looked at the difference in costs between private and public hospitals in the United States.
		They conclude that if Canada switched to for-profit hospitals it would add $7.2 billion a year in health costs.
	www.cbc.ca /canada/story/2004/06/07/hospitals_040607.html (1008 words)

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