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	Pro forma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pro forma accounting is a statement of the company's financial activities while excluding "unusual and nonrecurring transactions" (unusual and nonrecurring expenses) when stating how much money the company actually made.
		There was a boom in the reporting of pro forma results starting in the late 1990s, with many dot-com companies using the technique to recast their losses as profits, or at least to show smaller losses than the GAAP accounting showed.
		Pro forma bills are incomplete pieces of legislation and undergo only the first reading stage, in order to symbolize the authority of the Houses of Parliament to discuss matters other than those specified in the reasons for Parliament having been summoned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pro_forma (562 words)

	Pro Forma Statements - USES OF PRO FORMA STATEMENTS, THE SEC FORMAT, SUMMARY
		Pro forma, a Latin term meaning "as a matter of form," is applied to the process of presenting financial projections for a specific time period in a standardized format.
		Pro forma statements can be used as the basis of comparison and analysis to provide management, investment analysts, and credit officers with a feel for the particular nature of a business's financial structure under various conditions.
		The pro forma adjustments, directly attributable to the proposed change or transaction, which are expected to have a continuing impact on the financial statements.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /small/Op-Qu/Pro-Forma-Statements.html (2389 words)

	Pro Forma Income Statements: Projections - Small Business Accounting
		Pro forma profit before taxes is figured by subtracting the pro forma expenses from the pro forma gross profit, or $315,000 from $550,000 for a pro forma profit before taxes of $235,000.
		Pro forma taxes are figured by taking your estimated tax rate, in this case 30 percent, and multiplying it by the pro forma profit before taxes of $235,000.
		Pro forma profit after taxes is figured by subtracting the pro forma tax bill of $70,500 from the pro forma profit before taxes of $235,000.
	www.businesstown.com /accounting/projections-statements.asp (624 words)

	Pro Forma Balance Sheets: Small Business Accounting - Projections
		Pro forma accounts payable are determined by figuring out how much you will spend on supplies during the last months of 1998 and how long it takes you to pay your bills.
		Pro forma notes payable include all notes or portions of notes that are payable within one year.
		The size of a pro forma mortgage note payable is calculated by taking the mortgage note payable at the end of the current year and subtracting the principal, not interest, payments that will be made during the upcoming year.
	www.businesstown.com /accounting/projections-balance.asp (923 words)

	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN THE "NEW ECONOMY"
		The "pro forma" financial statements which emerged from the bull market of the 1990s is the most notable example of an investor-directed statement.
		Pro forma ("as if") financial statements have traditionally been statements based on hypothetical figures used as a means of assessing how assets might be managed under differing future scenarios.
		Pro forma financial statements are press releases rather than official documents, and are therefore not subject to SEC (US Securities and Exchange Commission) authority, unless they are fraudulent.
	www.benbest.com /business/newecon.html (2648 words)

	Pro Forma Cash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Operating income on a pro forma cash basis was $109,000, compared to an operating loss of $9.9 million on a pro forma cash basis during the third quarter...
		Pro Forma Statements are the financial statements that project the results of...
		Pro forma balance sheets are used to project how the business will be managing its assets in the future.
	business-finance-guidebook.info /businessfinance/pro-forma-cash.html (523 words)

	Fool.com: SEC Warns on Pro Forma Earnings [Fool on the Hill] December 7, 2001
		Pro forma earnings is yet another useful tool that companies have abused to mask their true performances, turning losses into profits and so forth.
		Once upon a time pro forma was used to eliminate the effect of one-time expenses primarily due to mergers.
		Pro forma was thus used as a clarifying document, so investors could see economic performance outside of one-time events.
	www.fool.com /news/foth/2001/foth011207.htm (1083 words)

	Pro Forma Madness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pro forma financial statements are usually income statements that are based upon estimates and guesses instead of hard historical accounting data.
		Pro forma financial statements do have a valid purpose, and they are used all the time internally by venture capitalists and analysts trying to financially model “What if?” scenarios.
		Pro formas are designed to be internal decision support tools and historically were not publicly disseminated or at least were buried deep in the bowels of a financial report footnote well after the normal proper accounting financial statements.
	www.zealllc.com /commentary/proforma.htm (4264 words)

	USATODAY.com - Some major companies still use pro forma accounting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		And in the second quarter, as usual, the pro forma results, which exclude costs including stock compensation and the reduction in value of intangible assets, were more flattering.
		Pro forma results were $11 million, or 10%, higher than the official earnings.
		The networking company reported pro forma results that were $118 million, or 12%, greater than official results in the quarter ended in July.
	www.usatoday.com /money/companies/earnings/2003-08-10-proforma_x.htm (535 words)

	Pro Forma
		Pro Forma is a GUI tool that lets you fill out forms on your computer like you would with a typewriter.
		Pro Forma doesn't currently support multi-line textboxes, so if you want to type a lot, you'll have to make several textboxes on top of each other.
		Pro Forma is Copyright 2001-2003 Scott Gifford and is licensed through the GNU General Public License.
	www.suspectclass.com /~sgifford/proforma (1084 words)

	SEC Cautions on Use of Pro Formas
		Originally, pro forma statements were principally used when a company had undergone major changes, such as an acquisition, that made comparisons of the current year with prior years difficult or confusing.
		According to these advocates, pro forma presentations allow management the ability to reflect the true operations of a company thereby providing investors with current, simplified and comprehensible financial reports which are not always communicated with mandated GAAP disclosures.
		A company issuing pro forma financial information is bound by the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws and must be mindful of its obligation not to mislead investors when using this information.
	www.gtlaw.com /pub/alerts/2001/berkowitzp_12.asp (1450 words)

	IndustryWeek : Pro Forma's Bottom Line
		Concerned that so-called pro forma presentation of financial information could mislead investors, the SEC six weeks ago pointedly reminded companies that the antifraud provisions of federal securities laws also apply to firms not reporting results according to U.S. GAAP, a traditional set of generally accepted accounting principles.
		More companies now report their financial performances on a pro forma basis than they were just two or three years ago, confirms Robert O'Connor Jr., president and CEO of Softrax Corp., a Canton, Mass.-based producer of revenue management software.
		A third reason for the growing use of pro forma reporting -- although companies probably wouldn't admit it -- is that it gives executives a chance to put "somewhat of a spin on things," to explain what the executives see as their companies' unique circumstances, says Softrax's O'Connor.
	www.industryweek.com /ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=1014 (987 words)

	Cautionary Advice re Pro Forma Financial Information in Earnings Releases: Rel. No. 33-8039
		Because this "pro forma" financial information by its very nature departs from traditional accounting conventions, its use can make it hard for investors to compare an issuer's financial information with other reporting periods and with other companies.
		Because "pro forma" information is information derived by selective editing of financial information compiled in accordance with GAAP, companies should be particularly mindful of their obligation not to mislead investors when using this information.
		For example, investors are likely to be deceived if a company uses a "pro forma" presentation to recast a loss as if it were a profit, or to obscure a material result of GAAP financial statements, without clear and comprehensible explanations of the nature and size of the omissions.
	www.sec.gov /rules/other/33-8039.htm (820 words)

	"Pro Forma," Explained [Fool.com: Motley Fool Take] February 22, 2006
		The better usage this is: Pro forma numbers on a financial statement mean that you're looking at what-if numbers.
		In this case, pro forma results are useful.
		These firms will often exclude in their pro forma numbers expenses related to acquisitions and charges taken for bad business decisions, etc. So from now on, when you see the term "pro forma," take off your rose-colored glasses.
	www.fool.com /News/mft/2006/mft06022205.htm (429 words)

	Cognizant Releases Pro Forma Financial Statements... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pro forma revenue of $986.8 million and operating income of $186.9 million was generated in 1996.
		Pro forma operating income was $90.2 million in 1997, versus $82.0 million a year-earlier.
		Corporate and Other includes the pro forma expense of maintaining a separate corporate office facility ($15.0 million) and separate employee benefit and business insurance plans ($2.5 million), as if Nielsen Media Research had been a standalone publicly traded company in all periods.
	www.nielsenmedia.com /newsreleases/1998/czt022598.html (1334 words)

	Pro forma Earnings on InvestorGeeks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pro forma earnings (sometimes spelled “proforma” or “pro-forma”) are included by some companies in their quarterly or annual reports as a way to discount “unusual and non-recurring transactions” to more accurately reflect their true financial health.
		As one would expect, pro forma reporting has had a history of abuse and therefore should be approached with great care.
		Pro formas can be a very useful tool in trending sales growth and operating margins, but not for long-term profit growth.
	www.investorgeeks.com /articles/2006/01/31/pro-forma-earnings (534 words)

	Spreadware's pro forma Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Users who have to spend time building pro forma's, whether for simple budgeting or sophisticated financial modeling of acquisitions, know how time consuming and monotonous the task can be, and how frustrating it is when you have to make an adjustment or run an alternative scenario.
		After the user sets the parameters, the pro forma financial statements (complete with detailed analyses!) are quickly generated.
		Creating pro forma financial statements is often required in business, but is a necessity when trying to efficiently manage and maneuver a business to maximum profitability, especially in challenging business and economic environments.
	spreadware.com /finfiles/007.html (829 words)

	My pro forma life. By Rob Walker
		I encourage you to focus on these pro forma results as a truer portrait of the state of my health than "traditional measures," which suggest that I have been dead for at least a year.
		In an unrelated one-time charge, pro forma results do not include a restatement of costs associated with the acquisition during the last calendar year of a "SlamMan" computerized boxing workout partner.
		Again, results are gangbusters, pro forma-wise, and are in line with recent guidance.
	www.slate.com /?id=2063953 (964 words)

	Pro Forma Lives - Today in Finance - CFO.com
		More than two dozen major companies continue to serve up pro forma versions of their financials when they report financial results, says the report, including old tech/Internet favorites, such as Cisco, eBay, and Qualcomm.
		Nevertheless, with good corporate governance and financial transparency a corporate priority, it's still a bit shocking to learn that a number of companies are offering pro forma results.
		The paper points out that eBay's pro forma earnings, for example, were 10 percent higher than the official earnings; while Cisco's profits were 12 percent better than the official results.
	www.cfo.com /article.cfm/3010163 (654 words)

	Low-quality companies use pro-forma to dress up numbers
		The disparity is "the GAAP Gap" — the difference between "pro forma" earnings and earnings prepared according to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP.
		Pro forma earnings, by contrast, are governed by no fixed standard.
		He calls for an end to pro forma earnings, saying they have made U.S. corporate earnings perhaps the most opaque they've been in his 23 years in the business.
	www.thejournalnews.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051225/BUSINESS01/512250364/1066 (609 words)

	Product Review: Fox Forma Pro Boots - MotorcycleUSA.com
		The Forma is constructed of polyurethane on the exterior with the standard non-abrasive leather patch on the inside of the boot.
		Not surprisingly, the Forma is engineered to optimize lateral and linear movement, yet maintain a level of protection which prevents twisting of the ankle.
		At $224.95 suggested retail, the Forma Pros aren't cheap, but as good as these boots appear to be, it just might be the best 225 bucks you'll ever spend on riding gear.
	www.motorcycle-usa.com /Article_Page.aspx?ArticleID=254 (948 words)

	Stock Options, Meet Pro Forma - Accounting - CFO.com
		Analysts have long considered pro forma a useful supplement, given the fact that companies must disclose GAAP earnings as well, and reconcile the two sets of figures.
		Historically, pro forma has often been used to eliminate nonrecurring items from a company's financials, and if the market is already using non-GAAP numbers to analyze the company's results, a company that issues pro forma numbers allows analysts and investors to make apples-to-apples comparisons.
		Since stock options are a noncash expense, many observers expected companies to exclude them from their pro forma results, but the exclusion of restricted stock by some companies seems to have been a surprise.
	www.cfo.com /article.cfm/5103460?f=home_featured (622 words)

	Glossary—pro-forma invoice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		"Pro forma" is a Latin phrase meaning "in the form of." A pro-forma invoice is a document created in the format of an invoice, but not actually constituting an invoice (i.e., not a demand for the payment of money).
		Pro-forma invoices are commonly used as a format for rendering a quotation for the sale of goods, particularly an export sale where the trade terms and/or shipping and other incremental cost must be specifically accounted for if they are included within the total transaction price.
		Note: Shippers and/or freight forwarders preparing shipping documents for a non-sale transaction, or for a shipment which includes a portion of goods, such as personal effects, unrelated to the primary commercial transaction, should prepare a pro-forma invoice identifying all such goods, and stating a value for customs purposes.
	www.gistnet.com /cidb-sample/glossary/pro-forma_invoice.html (222 words)

	Entrepreneur: Poor Forma - Money: Buzz - pro forma financial reporting - Brief Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		After years of a corporate mania for using pro forma earnings to gloss over lackluster financial performance, their rosy glow is waning.
		In the wake of the Enron debacle, pro forma reporting came under heavy fire from all quarters.
		Even the Securities and Exchange Commission decried the use of company-issued pro forma reports to inflate earnings figures by excluding multiple "one-time expenses"--a vague term that included anything that management felt fit the bill.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0DTI/is_5_30/ai_96892212 (261 words)

	The Old New Thing : "Pro forma" was so 1990's
		Pro forma in the 1990's turned into a euphemism for "We just made this stuff up".
		But after the dot-com bust and a series of accounting scandals, the phrase pro forma turned into a bad word on Wall Street.
		People swore off that pro forma nonsense and returned to the good old GAAP numbers.
	blogs.msdn.com /oldnewthing/archive/2005/12/20/505888.aspx (752 words)

	Warning over 'pro forma' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Pro forma reports "might create a confusing or misleading impression, and should be viewed with appropriate and healthy skepticism," the agency said.
		The SEC said pro forma figures, which are prepared differently than required by U.S. accounting rules, make it hard for investors to compare different companies' results and a single company's earnings in different quarters.
		Cisco's recent pro forma results have excluded acquisition-related costs, payroll taxes on stock option exercises and investment gains and losses.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /business/49286_sec05.shtml (661 words)

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