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Topic: Problem shaping

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Problem finding

Problem solving

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	Problem solving - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping.
		Duncker's "X-ray" problem; Ewert and Lambert's 1932 "disk" problem, later known as Tower of Hanoi) that appeared novel to participants (e.g.
		Instead, these researchers have frequently focused on the development of problem solving within a certain domain, that is on the development of expertise (e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Problem_solving (784 words)

	Counseling for Effective Decision Making - Pertinent Problem-Solving Literature
		Thorndike's (1898) early definition is still widely quoted: "A problem exists when the goal that is sought is not directly attainable by the performance of a simple act available in the animal's repertory; the solution calls for either a novel action or a new integration of available actions" (cited by Sheerer, 1963, p.
		A client has a problem when he or she feels called upon to act but does not know which action is appropriate.
		However, problems studied in experimental laboratories, for example, how to build a coat rack out of two sticks and a "C" clamp (Maier, 1945), are usually free of agonizing emotional concomitants.
	psy.ed.asu.edu /~horan/cfedm/chapter10.php (4738 words)

	Activationist Learning
		Percentile reinforcement is a formal rule for implementing shaping, a common technique used both for skills training with the developmentally disabled and for training animals to do complex tricks.
		The problem of determining which portions of the network to modify on each trial (called the credit assignment problem, Staddon and Zhang, 1991) is more difficult for reinforcement learning than for supervised learning.
		Shaping: Also known as the method of successive approximations, shaping is a technique originally developed by B.
	www.unc.edu /~skemp/documents/connectionist/ActLearn/smkActLearn.html (14356 words)

	GIS and public democratic involvement
		It is felt that, given the emotive nature of the problem, it is important to garner the views of users prior them to seeing their views expressed as a map of potential locations.
		Given the age distribution of the users it may be worth noting that once the age data was stripped from the comments, it was impossible in most cases to guess the age of the users from their suggestions, reflecting the genuine interest of all the users in their local environment.
		This is actually not such a problem for many of the public at home as it is for those in commercial organisations, as the browsers are freely available on disks given away with most popular home computing magazines.
	virtualsociety.sbs.ox.ac.uk /reports/gis.htm (5474 words)

	Processing of ceramic materials: Shaping
		Starting from ceramic powders, a first problem to be solved consists in shaping these powders into a defect free powder compact.
		The main goal of this research is to formulate an answer to the problem of shaping ceramic/ceramic laminates.
		The main advantage of EPD for ceramic/ceramic laminates, is that the process allows to form a layered shape with great ease: by alternating deposition from 2 suspensions, the layered microstructure and shape is immediately obtained.
	www.mtm.kuleuven.ac.be /Research/C2/EPD.htm (1187 words)

	Hydrogenaudio Forums -> Wavpack lossy mode noise shaping problem
		With normal noise shaping everything becomes much worse and I can abx 384k which is similar to 320k without noise shaping !.
		So, if the shaping used coefficients that were calculated with analysis of the original signal, then that must be repeated during decoding also (unless the required coefficients were updated infrequently enough that they could be quantized and sent in the correction file).
		I thought a little bit about this problem and figured out an easy way to implement the noise shaping so that I could keep the basic negative shaping most of the time but transition to positive shaping when appropriate.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=36946 (2716 words)

	Citations: A Dynamic Rate Shaping Mechanism - Simpson (ResearchIndex)
		A problem with implementing the flow scheduler in the Linux environment is that it relies on the coarse grained Linux clock which can result in slippage or drift.
		To alleviate this problem a drift compensation function
		4 A problem with implementing the flow scheduler in the Linux environment is that it relies on the coarse grained Linux clock, which can result in slippage or drift.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/799816/0 (464 words)

	Hydrogenaudio Forums -> samples where aps or ape has a problem
		The problem is audible in headphones in a silent environment.
		Most of the problems were solved, but a few remained which were discovered later in the samples you've pointed out.
		So maybe he had a very specific problem in mind, or maybe he was just trying to stop people messing with the --alt-presets.
	www.hydrogenaudio.org /forums/index.php?act=ST&f=16&t=7783& (2630 words)

	3d Morphing - 6.837 Final Project Proposal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The problems with the shaping approach seemed impossible to overcome reasonably, and the algorithm itself is very hard to implement to begin with, hence we decided to drop it.
		One little problem I experienced initially with the off-screen renderer was the requirement that the whole scene be under a single Separator node, but since our objects behaved this rule to begin with, it was not a problem.
		Another small problem with the OSR was that it also initially needed a camera and light position specified in separate files camera.iv and light.iv, but the Inventor libraries in C++ provide routines to dynamically get the camera and lighting information to produce a decent scene.
	web.mit.edu /manoli/morph/www/morph.html (6092 words)

	NWCR, Winter 2000: Rhodes et al. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Britain’s overall success in shaping outcomes in the eastern Mediterranean (with a few notable exceptions, such as the Ottoman turn toward Russia in 1833) must be seen in light of the distinctly modest British goals, which were limited in two regards.
		The British experience of “shaping” in South America in the second half of the nineteenth century supports one of the themes suggested by the previous two cases: a great power that sets its sights low enough is likely to achieve its goals.
		Ultimately, “shaping” is about changing (or reinforcing) how foreign leaders and ordinary citizens think about politics—how they view themselves, their world, and the problems they face.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/2000/winter/art2-w00.htm (12795 words)

	Shaping the Network Society -- About Patterns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		We are dedicated to building bridges that connect practitioners and researchers, community organizers and policy-makers and to all of the other people throughout the world now engaged in shaping information and communication systems to meet human needs.
		In order to promote this bridge-building we are focusing on the idea of "patterns" and a "pattern language." These patterns will provide the core ingredients of a useful and compelling "knowledge structure" that represent the collective wisdom and aspirations of our community.
		PATTERN A pattern is a careful description of a perennial solution to a recurring problem within a building context, describing one of the configurations which brings life to a building.
	www.cpsr.org /program/sphere/patterns/about-patterns.php (953 words)

	Citations: Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback - Baumert, Brixner, Seyfried, Strehle, ...
		Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback.
		are particularly adept at solving this kind of problem a feedback process e#ectively produces an experimental solution to the required intractable mathematical problem.
		An elegant solution to this problem is presented here, where phase tailoring of 20 fs ultrashort pulses steered by an evolutionary algorithm is used to compress distorted pulses to their bandwidth limit at any chosen point in the experiment
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/2244640/0 (347 words)

	Enterprise QoS Survival Guide: 1999 Edition
		Demand shaping involves shifting demand from peak times to off-peak times, but you could say it is the same thing as demand reduction that is focused on peak intervals.
		While all of the mechanisms have a policy component, traffic shaping may be done as a low-level network congestion avoidance mechanism that is defined by the characteristics of the egress path and is oblivious to the kind of packets being shaped or where they came from.
		Traffic shaping by the sending system and shaping or policing by network nodes may be based on the type of application or the originating node, to offer two alternatives to user-based shaping.
	staff.washington.edu /gray/papers/eqos22.html (19651 words)

	The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers 5/e by Stephen Reid Chapter 1 -- Instructor's Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Writing processes for individual students are not linear or lockstep, but usually students will need help with invention and prewriting during the early stages, help with shaping, organizing, and cueing the audience (as well as additional collecting) in the middle stages, and help with revision and editing strategies toward the later stages.
		During this session, the instructor should be answering student's editing questions, asking students to write sentences with typical problems at the board, and referring students to appropriate sections in the handbook.
		Limit your workshop questions to those most appropriate to the writer's stage in the writing process (brainstorming, collecting, shaping, revising, or editing) or to the problems that your students are having with this essay.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/reid2/chapter1/custom1/deluxe-content.html (17035 words)

	American Gaming Association : Publications : Responsible Gaming Quarterly
		Unlike many of his counterparts who also played an instrumental role in shaping the problem gambling field in the mid-1980s, Thomas Cummings, founder of the Massachusetts Council on Compulsive Gambling, did not enter the field with a clinical psychology background or experience delivering addiction services.
		Today, there are 17 state-funded problem gambling treatment centers throughout the state.
		Cummings served as executive director of the Mass Council, lobbying for increased funding and developing programs for problem gamblers, until his death in 1998 at the age of 76.
	www.americangaming.org /rgq/rgq_detail.cfv?id=113 (499 words)

	Automatic Loop-Shaping of QFT Controllers via Linear Programing
		It is generally agreed that such a design process is efficient for "simple" problems such as those that do not require complex, high-order controllers.
		In this paper we focus on the following automatic loop-shaping problem: given a nominal plant, a finite set of QFT bounds and a fixed controller order, synthesize a controller that achieves internally stability, satisfies its bounds and has a minimum high-frequency gain.
		We discuss the nature of these closed-loop bounds and certain approximation that may be required with typically negligible consequences in terms of design conservatism, and illustrate our results using a numerical example.
	www.ecs.umass.edu /mie/labs/dacs/pubs/qft.htm (269 words)

	The Politics of Problem Definition
		At the nexus of politics and policy development lies persistent conflict over where problems come from, what they signify, and, based on the answers to those questions, what kinds of solutions should be sought.
		Written for both scholars and students, this book explains how and why social issues come to be defined in different ways, how these definitions are expressed in the world of politics, and what consequences these definitions have for government action and agenda-setting dynamics.
		By examining the way social problems are framed for political discussion, the authors illuminate the unique impact of beliefs, values, ideas, and language on the public policymaking process and its outcomes.
	www.kansaspress.ku.edu /rocpol.html (335 words)

	The Politics of Air Bag Safety: A Competition Among Problem Definitions (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A problem definition perspective is employed to understand the nature of this debate.
		Utilizing a content analysis of the official record of one U. House and two U. Senate hearings, it is argued that four problem definitions characterize the debate over air bag safety: behavioral, regulatory,...
		2 The politics of problem definition: Shaping the policy agend..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /337543.html (544 words)

	[URGENT] Debian Installer: Bug#272136: countrychooser: db_go fails when (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It seems that Arbaic is causing a specific problem : the shaping code may cause a character which is not originally in an Arabic string to be used for display after shaping occurred.
		Frans seems to indicate that the problem for instance occurs with the translation in Arabic of the country names for SY (Syria) and SA (Saudi Arabia).
		I suspect a missing character in the attached file, this character being indeed used after shaping of the translations for Syria and Saudi Arabia.
	www.mail-archive.com /doc@arabeyes.org/msg02516.html (568 words)

	SUP: Sharing Problems Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		This CROP branch of problem processing seeks the Still Unsolved Problem (SUP).
		This online database driven system is used to share the question or problem and to share people, ideas, information and steps that will resolve the problem and reach the goal.
		Other CROP branches provide resources for shaping the problem and solving the problem once identified.
	www.ceap.wcu.edu /Houghton/Learner/problemEngine.html (136 words)

	ICML98 - Submission #26 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Abstract (250 word maximum): We here present and solve a real-world problem of learning to drive a bicycle.
		Finally we solve the dual problem of learning to balance a bike and then drive to a goal.
		In our approach the reinforcement function is independent of what task the agent tries to learn to solve.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /ICML98/papers/paper26.html (93 words)

	CPSR - document_view (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and over again in our environment, and then describes the core solution to that problem, in such a way that you can use the solution a million times over, without ever doing it the same way twice." (Christopher Alexander et al)
		Patterns were originally conceived by Christopher Alxander and presented in his book "A Pattern Language" to provide structure for a theory of living architecture.
		We are currently soliciting patterns that people can use in shaping information and communication systems and resources.
	www.cpsr.org /conferences/diac02/patterns/patterns.html (993 words)

	FUZZY FACES' COOL LINKS - DOG TRAINING (SHAPING BEHAVIOR)
		They publish booklets on all kinds of training problems, and they even offer you personal consultations for training problems (for a reasonable fee) via email with their BehavioRx Problem Diagnosis and Corrections Service.
		There is a column on her site, "Dear Dr. Cookie", that answers questions on dog and cat problem behavior.
		She has written two books on this subject which are for sale on her site and also offers prepaid telephone calls for problem behavior consultations.
	www.fuzzyfaces.com /lshaping.html (454 words)

	Re: Traffic shaping & proxy problem
		Hi there I have been trying to get this (traffic shaping) working for a while, what packages are you using to achieve the CBQ?
		Regards David Anso ----- Original Message ----- From: "José Carlos Ramírez Pérez" To: Sent: Friday, February 09, 2001 12:08 AM Subject: Traffic shaping and proxy problem > Hello all.
		Previous by thread: Re: Traffic shaping and proxy problem
	lists.debian.org /debian-isp/2001/02/msg00068.html (371 words)

	win-news.de - cFosSpeed 2.02 erschienen (Druckversion) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		x Fixed a problem with font sizes for far-east languages.
		x Fixed a problem where the speed dials in skin windows wouldn't be dispayed.
		x Fixed another problem with decreasing tx speeds.
	www.win-news.de /news-drucken,2163.html (62 words)

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	www.linux.ie /old-list/16843.html (295 words)

	ILUG Historical Archive: Re: [ILUG] (free)cddb setup problem
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	www.linux.ie /old-list/16845.html (325 words)

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