
	Where results make sense

Topic: Procambium

	SOROS, CONNIE L.* AND NANCY G. DENGLER. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Planes of cell division in procambium and adjacent ground meristem were quantitatively assessed in serial sections of vegetative apices.
		Cyperus eragrostis, both mestome sheath (MS) and parenchymatous bundle sheath (PBS) are present; MS and vascular tissue are derived from procambium and PBS and mesophyll are derived from ground meristem.
		Cyperaceae, the ontogenetic origin of PCR tissues from procambium in the position of inner border parenchyma may impose developmental and functional constraints and may be a consequence of evolutionary selection for PCR cells in a position that isolates them from intercellular space.
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/bsa-abst/section2/abstracts/49.shtml (307 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 42, 2, February, 1955
		However, analysis of covariance of levels of procambium initiation and shoot apex stages demonstrated that only 0.1 per cent of the slight differences in levels of procambium initiation can be attributed to plastochronic phase differences and the resultant shoot apex volume differences.
		Procambium is always formed in acropetal continuity with the procambium of older leaf traces.
		A relationship between the diameter of the procambium at the level of pattern inception and the complexity of the vascular pattern was suggested.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001529.php (2688 words)

	apimeris.htm
		Procambium forms the vascular tissues, xylem and phloem.
		This is the layer that produces new phloem and xylem tissues yearly, contributing to growth rings visible in woody plants.
		The cells to the upper left of this image are embryonic protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium.
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/pae/botany/histology/html/apimeris.htm (384 words)

	[No title]
		Xylem may be primary (derived from the procambium) or secondary (derived from the vascular cambium).
		Procambium: produces the area called the stele, the central part of the root.
		Differentiation of vascular cambium meristem from the procambium 1.
	biology.nwc.cc.wy.us /biology/biol2020/plntgwth.htm (775 words)

	American Journal of Botany, 37, 3, March, 1950 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Abstract: Procambium in the embryo of Pinus is recognized as consisting of two portions, the xyloic procambium and the phloic procambium.
		The organization seen in the procambium is closely correlated with the structure of the primary vascular tissues to which the procambium gives rise.
		The former are associated with the procambium of the hypocotyl and cotyledons, whereas the latter occur in the peripheral regions of the cortex of the hypocotyl and the mesophyll of the cotyledons.
	www.botany.org /ajb/00029122_di001480.html (2140 words)

	Biological Foundations 112, Lecture 8
		Apical meristem produces the root cap, protoderm, ground meristem and procambium
		Procambium is in individual strands arranged in a circle
		Differentiates from the internal portion of the procambium
	www.puc.edu /Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botlec08.htm (417 words)

	Arabidopsis research
		We are focusing on the primary development (procambium) of the vascular tissue in the Arabidopsis root, since this is anatomically a very simple developmental model (Fig 1).
		We have shown that the vascular tissue is established through a series of asymmetric cell divisions in the procambium.
		The primary effect of the wol mutation is the lack of formative cell divisions required for organization of the vascular tissue in the procambium (Scheres et al.
	www.biocenter.helsinki.fi /bi/Helariutta/arabidopsis/arabidopsis.html (829 words)

	CELLTYPES
		Procambium of fascicular regions and from parenchyma of interfascicular regions in stems.
		Procambium between xylem and phloem and periclycle outside xylem in roots.
		Protoderm, ground meristem, procambium, vascular cambium, and phellogen.
	www.cas.muohio.edu /~meicenrd/ANATOMY/Ch5_CellTypes/CELLTYPES6.html (385 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Think: Trachea is tube-like and tracheophytes use tube-like structures for transport.Leucoplast — Plant organelle for starch storage.Lignin — A polymer that binds cellulose fibers strongly together to form wood.
		Procambium — Part of the primary meristem that gives rise to the vascular tissue.
		The primary meristem consists of: Protoderm — grows into dermal tissue Ground — grows into ground tissue Procambium — grows into vascular tissuePrimary Meristem — Primary new growth that results in lengthening of plant and organ formation.
	www.mvhs.fuhsd.org /tim_krieger/apbio/Units/UnitSeven/sem2vocabcards2.doc (460 words)

	Stem - Secondary Growth - Generalized (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The cells that eventually form the vascular cambium come from two sources, the procambium in the vascular bundles and the interfascicular parenchyma cells between vascular bundles.
		The vascular cambium forms when the cells of interfascicular parenchyma dedifferentiate and divide periclinally, in a plane parallel to the surface of the stem.
		The cells in the procambium divide in a similar fashion.
	trc.ucdavis.edu /plb/PLB105/students/Tomato/Stems/secstem3.html (338 words)

	The RADICLELESS1 gene is required for vascular pattern formation in rice -- Scarpella et al. 130 (4): 645 -- Development
		Procambium pattern formation is altered in the ral1 embryo
		Procambium formation during leaf development is delayed in ral1
		procambium specification in the ral1 embryo or be a reflection
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/130/4/645 (8311 words)

	[No title]
		From left to right in this trace would be protoxylem, procambium, and protophloem.
		The procambium leading into one of the leaf primordia is visible from the elongated cells and their nuclei.
		Back from the pine stem tip, the procambium has produced primary xylem and phloem.
	www.unlv.edu /Colleges/Sciences/Biology/Schulte/Anatomy/Stems/Stems.html (275 words)

	Stems
		In the shoot meristerm, procambium procambium forms a cylinder of cells with ground meristem both to its interior, and to the exterior, of the procambium cylinder.
		When there is secondary growth, there will be a layer of procambium retained between the primary xylem and primary phloem.
		Vascular cambium produces secondary xylem to the interior of the cambium layer, and scondary pholem exterior to the cambium layer.
	scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu /rkr/Botany110/lectures/stems.html (2297 words)

	Stems
		There is no procambium above the youngest primordium, and vascular tissues in developing leaves along and connect with mature vascular tissues of the stem.
		Stems elongate in subapical regions in response to auxin and gibberellins.
		Vascular tissue-As I mentioned before, there is no procambium above the youngest leaf primordium, and removing a plant's leaf primordia stops vascular differentiation.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/BotanicalSciences/PlantsStructure/Stems/Stems.htm (1020 words)

	Stems-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		, the procambium in stems occurs in isolated,
		The vascular bundles would be steel rods, and the ground tissues would be the concrete that fills the empty volume inside the mold.
		The distribution of vascular bundles is controlled by the developing leaves and even the youngest primordia may have Procambium located immediately beneath it.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/library/webb/BOT410/Stem/Stems/stems-2.htm (375 words)

	Ontogenetic derivation and cell differentiation in photosynthetic tissues of C3 and C4 Cyperaceae -- Soros and Dengler ...
		procambium, while PCA tissue is derived from the ground meristem.
		2. Photomicrograph (A) and diagram (B) indicating cell layer designations in developing procambium (A and B regions) and ground meristem (C and D regions).
		partly from cells of the outermost layer of procambium and partly
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/88/6/992 (6089 words)

	Humgen
		Since herbaceous plants usually live for only one season (annuals and biennials) and woody plants may live several seasons (perennials), young herbaceous plant may only contain primary xylem and phloem which was derived from the primary meristem (procambium).
		Apical meristem (meristematic) forms three meristems (protoderm, ground meristem and procambium).
		The procambium forms the primary xylem, primary phloem and the vascular cambium.
	www.lions.odu.edu /~knesius/bio109n/humgen.html (395 words)

	PrimarySecondary3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This is differnt than the planes of division in Procambium.
		Eraly stage in the development of Phloem and Xylem from the undifferentiated Procambium
		End of the Differentiation of Primary Phloem and Primary Xylem from the Procambium.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/library/webb/BOT201/PrimSec/primarysecondary3.htm (196 words)

	SECONDARY GROWTH
		The vascular cambium is wholly or partly the reactivation of an undifferentiated portion of the procambium found between the xylem and the phloem.
		Renewal of meristematic division in the procambium forms a sheet meristem between the xylem and phloem that continually adds to each by repeated division and by the maturation of the daughter cells so formed.
		The resultant secondary xylem is commonly known as wood.
	www.humboldt.edu /~rar1/Bot105/Secondary-growth.html (398 words)

	[No title]
		Monocots - leaf initiation forms as a ridge around primordia and apex - for protection (adaptation to grazing) IV.
		ANS: longitudinal differentiation Promeristem Protoderm Procambium Ground meristem Epidermis Primary Primary Fundamental tissue Xylem Phloem "Leftover" procambium (EXCEPT monocots) V.
		Plastochron definitions and shoot apex behavior A. Leaf primordium - a leaf in its earliest stage of differentiation B. Plastochron - time interval between the initiation of one leaf and initiation of the next) C. Shoot apex behavior 1.
	www.metabolism.net /bidlack/panat/doc/SHOOTAPE.019.doc (484 words)

	BOTANY REVIEW QUESTIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		At the end of primary growth in dicot roots, where is the residual procambium located?
		Make a diagram showing the location of the residual procambium.
		What happens to the residual procambium in dicot roots of herbaceous plants?
	www.osuokc.onenet.net /~ed_vezey/1404.rq06.roots2.html (317 words)

	Stems-2
		and even the youngest primordia may have Procambium located immediately beneath it.
		showing the distribution of Procambium amid the Ground Tissue of the Pith (Center) and Cortex (Peripheral)
		This term refers to a Roman symbol which had an axe surrounded by a bundle of sticks, lashed together.
	www.botany.hawaii.edu /faculty/webb/BOT410/Stem/Stems/stems-2.htm (280 words)

	Cells
		(1) The protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem are grouped into a category called primary meristems.
		The code in these genes are used to make the enzymes to make cells that will be used for a general functional need as:
		The protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem are lumped into the Primary Meristems.
	homepage.smc.edu /hodson_kent/plant_growth/Angiosperms/tissues/development.htm (540 words)

	Lab
		Listed below are the slides along with the tissue to be observed for each specimen.
		root cap, apical meristem, protoderm, ground meristem, procambium
		leaf primordia, apical meristem, protoderm, ground meristem, procambium
	www.pc.cc.va.us /Tureman-intro/biology/Plants/lab.htm (188 words)

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