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Topic: Procedural surface

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Computer graphics

Phong reflection model

Bump mapping

Bui tuong phong

Flat shading

Texture mapping

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	Procedural texture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A procedural floor grate texture generated with the texture editor Genetica.
		A procedural texture is a computer generated image created using an algorithm intended to create a realistic representation of natural elements such as wood, marble, granite, metal, stone, and others.
		Use the * surface element area in texture space to control the number of * noise components so that the frequency content is appropriate * to the scale.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Procedural_textures (300 words)

	getting started on shaders 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To vary colour across a surface as in texture-mapping or procedural texture generation, you are required to know how to extract and use the current position on your surface as the renderer renders each point on your surface.
		A simple procedural texture might be a ramp from fl to white across the object or another may be a red noise or perhaps even complex repeating patterns.
		Procedural textures could also describe pretty complicated things like terrain where you may have geometry of a mountain and wish to shade it with snow on the peak and rock on the sides.
	www.odforce.net /tips/shaderwriting2.php (1218 words)

	Graphics Seminar Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		"Procedural shading" is the use of short procedures in a high level language to describe aspects of the appearance of surfaces when creating computer graphic images.
		Procedural shading has been used since the mid-80's for non-interactive rendering, where each individual frame may take seconds or hours to render, only to be recorded and later displayed at many frames per second.
		The generalization of signal and image processing to surfaces entails filtering the normals of the surface, rather than filtering the positions of points on a mesh.
	www.cs.umd.edu /~chlee/classes/cmsc828w/presentations.html (1778 words)

	Multiscale Procedural Shape Synthesis
		Multiscale procedural shape synthesis is accomplished through the addition of geometric details at the various levels of the multiscale shape model.
		The spatial coordinates of the reference surface are used as a seed of a noise function generator.
		The procedural model used for the planet is the one defined for the rock.
	w3.impa.br /~lvelho/spd (1641 words)

	9 Using Procedural Shaders with Global Illumination Algorithms
		Furthermore, the procedural shader computes values only at a single point, while a finite element might be an arbitrary piece of a surface (usually a triangle or quadrilateral, but more general geometries could also be used).
		Procedural light source shaders can be used with physically-based global illumination algorithms, if some small changes are made to their definition in the current specification of the RenderMan interface.
		'' surface shader with 30% diffuse and 70% specular reflectance and a specular exponent of 3.
	graphics.cs.uni-sb.de /~slusallek/Doc/html/node14.html (4306 words)

	Textures
		Procedural textures are based on mathematical defined (usually fractal) patterns that lay in 3D space.
		Procedural textures has usually some parameters that can be adjusted by the user to create new textures or modify existing ones.
		When the renderer examine the surface of the object to choose colors, it evaluate for every point the surface normal direction and it renders the surface in that point as it is normal to the vector.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/Way/2419/textures.html (920 words)

	Terragen™ Surface Map File Specification
		Procedural textures allow us to solve these problems, but to obtain a high level of detail they need to be generated for the particular view of the terrain we are interested in at that time.
		In Terragen's surface map system, a child layer is a surface layer whose distribution is restricted by that of its parent and whose colours are applied over those of the parent.
		Its value is associated with the "Mimic terrain" slider in Terragen's Surface Editor, and represents the extent to which the strength of the bump mapping is affected by the roughness of the portion of the terrain to which it is being applied.
	www.planetside.co.uk /terragen/dev/tgsrf.html (2326 words)

	Tutorial # 4: Texture Mapping
		There are 42 separate procedural texture functions that can be selected, each of which generates a different type of texture such as wood, clouds, bumpy surfaces and other interesting effects.
		Rather than modify the surface color this procedural function perturbs the surface normal with the end result that the rendered surface appears to be bumpy.
		The C code also shows how to scale a procedural texture globally so that its features appear larger or smaller on the textured surface; since procedural textures are computed using absolute (x,y,z) coordinates in texture-space, linear transformation can easily be applied to the texture definition.
	www.okino.com /new/toolkit/tut/main10.htm (2993 words)

	Landscapes and Lightwave - An E-Book Tutorial - ©2003 J.Riddle
		Since most of the surfaces on the terrain model are going to be covered in some fashion or other in later chapters, we will only be concerned with those surfaces that will be exposed at all times; which is to say, the surfaces resting between the seafloor and the top of the island.
		With these two front facing surfaces now textured identically to the island sides surface, we are happily ready to move onto the last little bit of documented surface work.
		These surfaces are fine in that regard on their own with the image maps we have supplied for the Color Channel.
	www.firedragon.com /~flashfire/html/landscapes/c06/c06c.html (3028 words)

	DarkTree 2.5 - Safe Harbor 800-544-6599
		Procedurals, on the other hand, are 3D and so apply to any complex 3D shape without distortion.
		DarkTree provides a Surface Distance component that allows you to design textures that change their level of detail based on how far the surface is from the camera.
		Surface effects include animated shaders that can look like the fluid surface of liquid mercury, the rolling fireball of a nuclear bomb, or youthful skin that grows old and diseased.
	www.sharbor.com /products/DARI0280003.html (2340 words)

	ProgressivePunch : Making Government Work for Everyone, Not Just the Rich or Powerful—Protecting Rights of ...
		H.R. Governance: Procedural Vote to Recommit to Committee with Instructions A Bill to Require, in Extraordinary Circumstances, States to Hold Special Elections to Fill Vacancies in the House of Representatives No More Than 49 Days After the Vacancy is Announced by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
		A procedural vote on a Republican motion to end a Democratic filibuster - extended debate -- and bring up for a vote a bill that would reform class action lawsuits by taking most class-action lawsuits out of the hands of state courts and giving jurisdiction instead to federal court.
		A Democratic-requested procedural vote related to the Republican-drafted "Continuity in Representation Act" (HR 2844) in an attempt to keep the bill from advancing on the House floor.
	www.progressivepunch.org /category.jsp?issue=M6 (1932 words)

	NewTek Discussions - Shadow doesn't "respect" surface imperfections
		I have a light pointed generally toward the camera from behind that aqua glass wall..with RT shadows turned on, that light casts a perfectly smooth shadow onto the purple surface, while that same surface shows a squiggly reflection of the shadow-casting object.
		The bump is not in the reflection channel of the surface, but in its bump channel.
		That surface's geometry is no more changed for the reflection than it is for the shadow, since it's a procedural surface element.
	www.newtek.com /forums/printthread.php?t=34851 (336 words)

	Product Feature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Other benefits of procedural textures include minimal use of memory and the ability, with some, to change parameters as you move through the mapped object, resulting in a 3D texture.
		Similar to Incident is Surface Up, in which the resultant value is derived from the difference between the viewer angle and the "up" angle (world Y axis); it's useful for adding top-surface textures such as snow or moss.
		DarkTree 2.0 provides a Surface Distance component that allows you to design textures that change their level of detail based on how far the surface is from the camera.
	www.creative-3d.net /productFeatureDisplay.cfm?content=dt2 (4259 words)

	Untitled Document
		Surfacing is just as important to model creation as modelling itself.
		You can add surfaces to objects in both the modelling and animation portions of lightwave, but I strongly suggest that you do most surfacing in modeller.
		Applying these surfaces to the fish is very easy because all that is required is planar mapping.
	wwwmcc.murdoch.edu.au /multimedia/3d_tutes/lessons/work3/work3.htm (1078 words)

	3d Tutorial
		Select the Floor Surface and use the following settings in the Basic Tab.
		Change the surface to Wallpaper and use the following settings in the Basic Tab.
		We are now done with all the surfacing.
	www.3dtotal.com /ffa/tutorials/lightwave/stair_tutorial/stairs10.htm (557 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The shaders we wrote are: * Ocean a procedural shader that generates a "wavy" surface by modifying the surface normal.
		The generated surface is also a "shiny" surface.
		* Moon The Moon shader is a procedural surface shader which generates a gray on white semi-cratered surface.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~jfc/cs184f98/labs/proj2/dj/README (276 words)

	Products - Solid Modeling Solutions
		The General Surface Library (GSNLib) is an object-oriented software toolkit that provides a set of objects and corresponding methods to create, edit, query, and analyze geometric representations.
		Procedural offset surface defined as a base surface plus an offset distance.
		For example, depending upon the size and complexity of a surface, dropping a point onto the surface may be two orders of magnitude (100x) faster if the cache for that surface exists.
	www.smlib.com /gsnlib.html (1744 words)

	Department of Computer Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Implicit surfaces are a computational representation for shapes useful for shape modeling but have been challenging to display in real-time.
		Level sets are implicit surfaces whose motion is described by a evaluating a speed function on the surface.
		Given a start point and a finish point on a meshed surface, and using holes in the surface as obstacles, we have devised a new technique for finding all of the different ways to travel between these two points.
	siebelcenter.cs.uiuc.edu /resdemo.php?demoname=Fun+with+Surfaces (504 words)

	Procedural Planet
		The planet surface has to look real at any distance - terrain texture has to work all the way down from high orbit to low flying.
		The surface textures should match the surface height - adjusted for latitude to display various temperate regions (if your planet has them).
		For a planet like the earth, to map the entire surface at high (meter) resolution would be challenging - perhaps with some extreme compression, e.g.
	baddoggames.com /planet/info.htm (792 words)

	Procedural Textures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Pipes procedural texture for pipes, gutters and circuits.
		Procedural texture for stained and mosaic from bitmap image.
		Particle Paint (3D) Procedural texture to paint with particles.
	perso.orange.fr /dpont/plugins/Textures.htm (206 words)

	DarkTree Textures 2.0 - Darkling Simulations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Its visual flow-based editor lets you interactively create photo-realistic procedural materials, surface shaders, and animated effects.
		DarkTree 2.0 includes 100 procedural components that can be combined to generate almost any texture or surface effect you need.
		DarkTree 2.0 continues to push the boundaries of procedural realism while improving work flow and ease of use.
	www.3d-shop.net /Details.cfm?ProductID=65 (216 words)

	Darktree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		DarkTree Textures is an advanced procedural texture-creation system that gives you the power to visually create your own procedural shaders for trueSpace4.
		A bit map is just a photo or drawing of a surface; a procedural shader mathematically simulates the properties of a surface so that it looks real in the synthetic world of 3D.
		Procedurals are CPU intensive but require little memory, and the results are resolution independent and perfect.
	www.caligari.com /tradecenter/products/plug-ins/Darkling/darktree.htm (255 words)

	Journal for Geometry and Graphics, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 145-155, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Abstract: A subdivision surface is a powerful tool to represent a smooth surface with arbitrary topology.
		The polyhedron gradually approaches to the final surface by subdividing faces more closely to approximate the final surface.
		Algorithms for parametric surfaces cannot be applicable to a procedural surface.
	www.univie.ac.at /EMIS/journals/JGG/5.2/4.html (152 words)

	DarkTree by Darkling Simulations, LLC - 3D Plugins and Digital Tools For Digital Artists - 3DPlugins.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		DarkTree 2.5 is the most advanced, and versatile procedural shader creation package currently available!
		Interactively create photo-realistic 3D procedural materials, surface shaders, animated effects, and image filters.
		* Low Memory Usage - Since procedural textures are calculated, they use up very little memory regardless of the detail level or surface area.
	3dplugins.com /product/10116?type=2&genre=1&category=45&... (578 words)

	blueprint
		Evaluate runway incursions and surface incident mitigation activities, including educational, procedural, surface environment, and technology-related solutions.
		The Surface Incident Prevention Team (SIPT) is a local, airport-specific team responsible for creating a Surface Incident Prevention Plan (SIPP) for their airport.
		Each SIPP identifies safety-related actions to be taken annually at an identified airport.
	www.faa.gov /runwaysafety/blueprint/22.htm (326 words)

	Shadow doesn't "respect" surface imperfections - NewTek Discussions
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	www.newtek.com /forums/showthread.php?t=34851 (504 words)

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