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Topic: Procerus muscle

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List of muscles of the human body

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

Orbicularis oris muscle

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	Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Part I: Muscular System: Glossary of Terms
		Pertaining to a muscle of the groin and ilium.
		Pertaining to a muscle arising from the mandible.
		Pertaining to muscles in the lumbosacral region, the "tenderloin".
	www.anatomyatlases.org /AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Terminology.shtml (2274 words)

	[No title]
		The Frontalis muscle (F) arises from the Galea aponeurotica near the coronal suture, inserts onto the supercilliary ridge of the frontal bone, and interdigitates with fibers of the Procerus, Corrugator, Depressor supercilli, and Orbicularis oculi muscles.
		The Nasalis or Compressor naris muscle arises from the maxilla and its fibers proceed upwards and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis that is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus muscle (see Figure 3-1).
		The Platysma is a broad sheet of muscle arising from the fascia of the Pectoralis and the Deltoid muscles.
	www.slackbooks.com /excerpts/66623/66623.asp (2694 words)

	biology - List of muscles of the human body
		2 The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
		The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
		The muscles of the shoulder and musculotendinous cuff
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/List_of_muscles_of_the_human_body (102 words)

	Eye : Women Beauty
		The orbital portion overlies the orbital rim and arises from the anterior limb of the medial canthal tendon and the surrounding periosteum.
		The pretarsal fibers arise from the medial canthal tendon and Horner muscle.
		The muscle plane of the eyebrow is secured to the frontal bone periosteum by a firm attachment on the underside of the fat pad, often known as the deep galeal insertion, particularly over the medial two thirds of the orbit.
	www.womenfitness.net /beauty/eye/eyebrow_lift.htm (1749 words)

	Breast Implants & Breast Augmentation Information - Featured Surgeon Articles
		The procerus muscle was able to be blindly transected by means of the transpalpebral incision but exposed and ablated in all 12 specimens using endoscopy.
		The procerus muscle produces the transverse dorsal nasal line and may be resected or transected with the endoscopic or transpalpebral approach, respectively (Fig.
		With an understanding of the motor nerve supply to the muscles (frontal branch innervation of the transverse head and zygomatic innervation of the oblique head, depressor supercilii, and medial orbicularis), this may be caused by zygomatic branches from the oblique head of the corrugator reestablishing motor nerve supply to the remnant transverse head.
	www.breastimplants411.com /dbii/articles.asp~Article_ID=255 (2391 words)

	Procerus muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		(Procerus visible at upper left, at top of nose.)
		Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
		Muscles of the Head — Neck — Trunk — Upper limb — Lower limb— LIST OF ALL MUSCLES
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Procerus_muscle (356 words)

	Acanthocephala - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		But the whole proboscis apparatus can also be, at least partially, withdrawn into the body cavity, and this is effected by two retractor muscles which run from the posterior aspect of the septum to the body wall.
		Each of these trunks is surrounded by muscles, and the complex retains the old name of "retinaculum." In the male at least there is also a genital ganglion.
		There is a "stay" called the "ligament" which runs from the hinder end of the proboscis sheath to the posterior end of the body.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /ac/Acanthocephala.html (1269 words)

	Femalepatient.com
		The transverse or horizontal furrow is created by the procerus muscle, which also aids in the downward pull of the brows medially.
		The procerus originates at the nasal bones and inserts at the medial edges of the frontalis muscle and forehead skin.
		If the forehead-lifting muscle is blocked, it can no longer aid in the accessory lifting of the upper lid, which may be misinterpreted as a new event rather than the uncovering of a pre-existing condition.
	www.femalepatient.com /html/arc/sig/consul/articles/article_1.asp (2000 words)

	Procerus Muscle of the Face (Depressor Glabellae, Pyramidalis Nasi) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Procerus (also known as the depressor glabellae or pyramidalis nasi) muscle originates in the fascia of the nasal bone and upper nasal cartilage, runs through the area of the root of the nose, and fans upward to insert in the skin in the center of the forehead between the eyebrows.
		This horizontal wrinkle at the root of the nose is sometimes referred to as the "champion pucker" because this muscle often contracts in effortful activities.
		Procerus is innervated by the temporal, lower zygomatic, and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII) and is supplied with blood by the facial artery.
	face-and-emotion.com /dataface/expression/procerus.html (164 words)

	eMedicine - Browplasty : Article by J David Kriet, MD, FACS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The orbicularis muscle is an oval-shaped muscle originating from the medial palpebral ligament, the frontal process of the maxilla, and the nasal process of the frontal bone.
		The frontalis muscle is the anterior portion of the epicranius muscle and is not attached to bone.
		The procerus, corrugators, and depressor supercilii are transected medially.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic100.htm (5666 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		So if the muscle isn't contracting or doesn't have some tone to it, it is very difficult then to contract the frontalis muscle, okay, to raise the eyebrows, okay, because it serves, helps to serve as an anchor, uh, off of which the frontalis muscle will act.
		Splenius is a muscle that arises from the midline, from the lower parts of the ligamentum nuchae and the spines of the upper thoracic vertebrae down as far as T6.
		Splenius muscle is innervated by the dorsal primary rami of lower cervical nerves.
	www.ellisdigital.com /cardru/transcri.doc (5664 words)

	DOCTORS' HAIRLOSS NETWORK - Botox
		The vertically oriented procerus muscle, which originates from the upper nasal cartilage and the lower nasal bone, produces the horizontal lines of the glabella and nasal root.
		Contraction of this muscle is observed when an individual "scrunches" his or her nose, and hyperfunctional contraction often confers a "mad dog" appearance to the face.
		To weaken the depressor anguli oris, which is the underlying muscle of the downturn at the corner of the mouth, 2-3 units of botulinum toxin may be injected.
	www.doctorshairlossnetwork.com /botox.html (3661 words)

	IV. Myology. 4c. The Muscles of the Nose. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The transverse part arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa; its fibers proceed upward and medialward, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the muscle of the opposite side, and with the aponeurosis of the Procerus.
		The Dilatator naris anterior is a delicate fasciculus, passing from the greater alar cartilage to the integument near the margin of the nostril; it is situated in front of the preceding.
		The Depressor septi is a direct antagonist of the other muscles of the nose, drawing the ala of the nose downward, and thereby constricting the aperture of the nares.
	bartleby.com /107/107.html (396 words)

	procerus muscle (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Procerus is one of the muscles of the nose.
		It is in continuity with the occipitofrontalis muscle.
		Procerus acts to wrinkle the skin overlying the upper part of the nose and medial forehead.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-1268055984.htm (135 words)

	Center for Plastic Surgery Dr. Vincent N. Zubowicz M.D.
		The corrugator muscles are pulled away from the skin during the operation to eliminate or lessen the pull of these muscles on the skin.
		The procerus muscle is handled similarly to improve the transverse furrows along the bridge of the nose.
		Because it is the action of muscle on skin that generates many wrinkles and furrows, eliminating the action of a given muscle may result in aesthetic improvement of the aging lines created by the activity of that muscle.
	www.zubowicz.com /browlift.html (1568 words)

	eMedicine - BOTOX® Injections to Improve Facial Aesthetics : Article by Pramit S Malhotra, MD, MS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The forehead is a complex of the frontalis muscle with insertions onto fibers of the procerus, corrugator, depressor supercilii, and orbicularis muscles.
		Contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle is primarily responsible for the clinically observed periorbital crow's feet.
		The orbicularis oculi muscle is bordered superolaterally by fibers of the frontalis muscle and medially by the levator palpebrae muscle.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic134.htm (2965 words)

	Ophthalmic Hyperguide. Section: Oculoplastics
		Muscle localization can be aided by the use of electromyography, but is not routinely implemented by the authors.
		Horizontal nasal root creases are attributable to contractures of the procerus and depressor supercilii muscles.
		The procerus muscle is situated at the nasal root with slight medial displacement and is parallel with the superior orbital rims.
	www.ophthalmic.hyperguides.com /tutorials/oculoplastics/botulinum_toxin/tutorial.asp (1999 words)

	B O S N I A K + Z I L K H A, non-surgical facelift - NEURO-MODULATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FACIAL RHYTIDOSIS in New York (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This muscle and the transverse forehead wrinkles that it can produce should be treated with great care and only in the appropriate patients.When a patient has blepharoptosis or redundant upper eyelid folds that impair the visual axis or constrict their peripheral visual fields, unconsciously they will elevate their eyebrows, attempting to expand their peripheral vision.
		The inferior lateral portion of the orbicularis muscle can be treated lateral to the orbital rim to diminish crow’s feet without risk of displacement of the lower lid margin or change in the shape and dimensions of the palpebral aperture.
		If the injection is given too medially, the mentalis muscle may be injected and patient may have difficulty lowering their lower lip.
	www.eye-lift.com /botox_facial_rhytidosis.asp (2953 words)

	Botulinum toxin A treatment of overactive corrugator supercilii in thyroid eye disease -- Olver 82 (5): 528 -- British ...
		closure, the glabellar muscles corrugator supercilii and procerus.
		The procerus is a small fasciculate muscle continuous with the medial side of frontalis.
		The muscle must be relaxed during the injection to reduce discomfort.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/82/5/528 (3051 words)

	AACPS Corequest
		In addition, the levator muscle fibers insert into the orbicularis muscle closer to the inferior tarsal border in the Asian upper lid, causing the lid crease to be much closer to the inferior tarsal border compared with the Occidental upper lid.
		The correct response is Option E. Transverse creases at the level of the radix of the nose are caused by contraction of the procerus muscle, which runs perpendicular to these creases from the level of the nasal bone to the skin of the forehead.
		The procerus muscle is responsible for producing transverse wrinkles in the glabellar area.
	www.aacplasticsurgery.org /member4/newcore2003/2005/cosmeticbleph.html (1904 words)

	B O S N I A K + Z I L K H A, non-surgical facelift - NEURO-MODULATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FACIAL RHYTIDOSIS in New York (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The broad, thin frontalis muscle elevates the forehead and eyebrows.
		The depressor anguli oris muscle arises from the border of the mandible and inserts at the lateral corners of the mouth.
		Neuro-modulation of the depressor angulii oris muscles elevates the corners of the mouth and diminishes the muscular ridge decending from the corner of the mouth.
	www.eye-lift.com /articles_10_facialrhytidosis.asp (2949 words)

	Untitled Document
		Notes: May be undifferentiated from the procerus (above), and difficult to distinguish from levator labii superioris (lateral).
		Combined with corrugator and procerus may cause the brows to knit (draw together) and lower.
		Notes: Muscle may not be present, or may be very small, or difficult to distinguish from (and united with) orbicularis oculi.
	webdrive.service.emory.edu /groups/research/chimpanzee-cognition/CCL/muscles.htm (707 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The origin of this muscle is relatively consistent at the junction of the nasal and frontal bones close to the supramedial orbital rim.
		The procerus muscle is a narrow muscle located in the midline of the nose; it usually lies 1-4 mm deep to the surface.
		EMG is useful in exactly identifying the muscles underlying the wrinkles, especially the smaller muscles.
	www.medceu.com /tests/botox.htm (2853 words)

	AAPS - 2005 Abstracts - Evaluation of the Pretarsal Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Before and After Lower Blepharoplasty with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Distal nerves from the buccal branch of the facial nerve were identified with consistent branches reaching the medial orbicularis oculi muscle with terminal branches to the procerus muscle.
		This study demonstrates that transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty with preservation of the pretarsal orbicularis muscle does not cause denervation of the pretarsal muscle by EMG analysis.
		The anatomical aspect of this study confirms a significant contribution of the buccal branch of the facial nerve to orbicularis innervation in addition to the previously documented nerve supply from the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve.
	www.aaps1921.org /abstracts/2005/7.cgi (505 words)

	Seattle Botox - Treating Wrinkles with Botox Cosmetic Injections.
		The muscle is the key element in development of facial lines and when the muscle is weakened, the wrinkles will disappear.
		In the area of the glabellar furrow or horizontal forehead lines, the procerus muscle and the corrugator supercilii musculature are all nicely treated.
		In the forehead area, the mimetic frontalis muscle is injected and with respect to the crow’s feet area, the outer portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle are injected.
	www.facialbeauty.com /Seattle_Botox.asp (819 words)

	Warren C. Stout, M.D. - Botox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		At a normal neuromuscular junction, a nerve impulse triggers the release of acetycholine, which causes the muscles to contract.
		In 1989, Botox therapy was approved in the U.S. for the treatment of strabismus (imbalance of the muscles of the eyeball) and blepharospasm (involuntary spasm of the eyelids) and, in December 2000, for the treatment of abnormal head position and neck pain associated with cervical dystonia.
		As the muscle stops contracting, the skin overlying the muscle relaxes and the wrinkles in the skin soften.
	www.stoutlaser.com /botox.html (1067 words)

	Ophthalmic Pearls - July/August 2003
		The central portion of the upper eyelid and the area near the origin of the inferior oblique in the lower eyelid should be avoided to minimize the likelihood of ptosis and diplopia.
		It is postulated that, in many cases, the apraxia is due to persistent contraction of the pretarsal orbicularis resulting in inhibition of the levator muscle.
		In this procedure, the pretarsal, preseptal and orbital orbicularis muscles are extirpated from the upper eyelid through a lid crease incision.
	www.aao.org /aao/news/eyenet/pearls/pearls_July-Aug_2003.htm (922 words)

	Data Sheet
		affects muscle pairs by inducing an atrophic lengthening of the injected muscle and a corresponding shortening of the muscle's antagonist.
		The extent of muscle hypertrophy and the muscle groups involved in the dystonic posture may change with time necessitating alterations in the dose of toxin and muscles to be injected.
		Following initial injection to the gastrocnemius muscle, further involvement of the anterior or posterior tibialis may need to be considered for additional improvement in the foot position at heel strike and during standing.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /profs/Datasheet/b/Botoxinj.htm (6835 words)

	Mgt. of the Aging Upper Face 12/2001
		The aponeurosis or galea aponeurosis is the connecting band between the bellies of the frontalis and occipital muscles.
		The corrugator, procerus, and orbicularis all depress the brow; the corrugator causes the vertical glabellar lines, the procerus the horizontal glabellar lines, and the orbicularis the lateral orbital “crows feet”.
		The anterior lamella consists of skin and orbicularis muscle and the posterior lamella of conjunctiva and upper or lower lid retractors respectively.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/AgeFace-2001-12/AgeFace-2001-12.htm (4405 words)

	FAMI Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		From the mid point of the frontal region along the hair line the cannula #6 is inserted under the galea, and directed to the root of the nose, near the origin of the Procerus muscle.
		The microinjection begin into the Procerus muscle from its nasal origin.
		The cannula #6 is used also for restoring the volume of the corrugator muscle.
	www.ffami.com /cannula6.html (79 words)

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