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Topic: Process calculus

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	Plaque & Calculus
		Both plaque and calculus are implicated in the development of the inflammatory diseases of the gingiva and periodontium, namely gingivitis and periodontitis.
		Calculus is porous and can act as a reservoir or nidus of bacteria and endotoxin related to the disease process.
		Supra-gingival calculus is adherent to the teeth and is found on the lingual surfaces of the mandibular incisors in relation to the opening of Wharton's ducts and on the buccal surfaces of maxillary molars in relation to the opening of Stensen's ducts.
	www.dent.ucla.edu /pic/members/plaque (1450 words)

	Citations: A Process-Calculus Approach to Typed Concurrent Objects - Vasconcelos (ResearchIndex)
		The calculus is developed along the trends of well known models of concurrency, such as the calculus [Mil91, MPW92] the calculus [HT91] and the actor....
		For the polymorphic system (in the context of the calculus) the reader may refer to [69] Subject reduction ensures that a typing for a process does not change as the process is reduced.
		Process calculi has been accepted as a natural vehicle for research on the foundations of concurrent object oriented languages [PT95] Following [KY94] the approach is concurrent object oriented programming = concurrent calculus records, a view analogous to that of....
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/290012/0 (1803 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For process calculi, the celebrated results are that the synchronous π-calculus is more expressive than its asynchronous variant, has the same expressive power as the higher-order π-calculus, but less than the Ambient calculus.
		A process calculus is then a formal language imposed on a history monoid in a consistent fashion.
		Thus, a process calculus is to a history monoid what a formal language is to a free monoid (a formal language is a subset of the set of all possible finite-length strings of an alphabet generated by the Kleene star).
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=process_calculi (1760 words)

	Nominal Calculi for Security and Mobility
		The pi calculus was published as a ``A Calculus of Mobile Processes'' [12] because, unlike almost all previous process calculi, its mobile restrictions can model the passage of knowledge of a communications channel from one process to another.
		Process migration is not one of the primitives of the pi calculus.
		The spi calculus [1] is a version of the pi calculus that allows communication on a cryptographic channel to be modelled as communication on a public channel of a term that represents a ciphertext.
	www.cs.nps.navy.mil /research/languages/statements/gordon.html (2167 words)

	The M-calculus: a higher-order distributed process calculus - Schmitt, Stefani (ResearchIndex)
		The M-calculus: a higher-order distributed process calculus (2003)
		Key insights for the calculus are similar to those laid out by L. Cardelli for its calculus of ambients.
		Mobile Ambients and other recent distributed process calculi such as the Join calculus or the D-calculus introduce notions of distributed locations or localities, corresponding to a spatial partitioning of computations and embodying different features of distributed computations (e.g.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /601103.html (641 words)

	Business Process Management - The Third Wave
		Instead of reengineering processes in one fell swoop and then cementing the new models in code, companies should design processes that can be changed on the fly and software that's flexible enough to support those changes.
		By contrast, the process-managed enterprise grasps control of internal processes and communicates with a universal process language that enables partners to execute on shared vision – to understand each other’s operations in detail, jointly design processes and manage the entire lifecycle of their business improvement initiatives.
		Process management is not another form of automation, a new killer-app or a fashionable new management theory.
	www.fairdene.com (1529 words)

	A Process Calculus of Atomic Commit (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Process calculus rendezvous is an abstract semantics for atomic commitment.
		Thus, the traditional correctness properties for atomic commit are entailed by a bisimulation proof of a calculus implementation.
		As an extended example of the analogy between calculus and atomic commit, we use the induced calculus to reformulate an earlier 2PCP correctness result by Berger and Honda.
	www.wischik.com /lu/research/analogy.html (178 words)

	Process calculus - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		The process calculus approach gathered momentum in the 1970s when it became increasingly clear that the then dominant approaches to modelling computation were unlikely to yield satisfactory accounts of non-deterministic, non-terminating and interacting agents.
		Dually, the process x(v).Q receives that message on channel x to become Q[y/v], which is Q with the place-holder v substituted by y, the data received on x.
		The class of processes that P is allowed to range over as the continuation of the output operation substantially influences the properties of the calculus.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Process_calculus (1541 words)

	Nominal Calculi for Security and Mobility
		Process migration is not one of the primitives of the pi calculus.
		The spi calculus [1] is a version of the pi calculus that allows communication on a cryptographic channel to be modelled as communication on a public channel of a term that represents a ciphertext.
		The spi calculus is lower level than some well known formalisms for security protocols, such as the BAN logic [4], but it has the advantage that specifications are executable, and that its formal foundations are clear and precise.
	research.microsoft.com /~adg/Publications/fsmc97.html (2169 words)

	Pi-calculus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In theoretical computer science, the π-calculus is a process calculus originally developed by Robin Milner, Joachim Parrow and David Walker as a continuation of the body of work on the process calculus CCS (Calculus of Communicating Systems).
		The π-calculus is in the family of process calculi, mathematical formalisms for describing and analyzing properties of concurrent computation.
		The latter rule states that processes that are structurally congruent have the same reductions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pi-Calculus (2230 words)

	Process calculus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, the process calculi (or process algebras) are a diverse family of related approaches to formally modelling concurrent systems.
		The class of processes that P is allowed to range over as the continuation of the output operation substantially influences the properties of the calculus.
		For process calculi, the celebrated results are that the synchronous π-calculus is more expressive than its asynchronous variant, has the same expressive power as the higher-order π-calculus, but less than the Ambient calculus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Process_calculus (1720 words)

	Ambient calculus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, the ambient calculus is a process calculus devised by Luca Cardelli and Andrew D. Gordon in 1998, and used to describe and theorise about concurrent systems that include mobility.
		The fundamental primitive of the ambient calculus is the ambient.
		A counter-argument to this criticism is that the ambient calculus is not intended to act as a language core, but rather to provide general capabilities for formally modelling and analyzing complex concurrent systems that may consist of components written in a variety of languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/AmbientCalculiOnline (536 words)

	A page about process calculus
		A lecture by the founding father of the pi calculus, though he would immediately urge me to say that pi calculus, and concurrency theory in general, is a huge field to which many individuals have each made significant contributions.
		As Wischik says, pi calculus has come to dominate theoretical research into concurrency and distribution, but now its time has come to be used in practice.
		Considers both labile processes, which can exhibit dynamic changes in their interaction structure, as modelled by the pi calculus of Milner, Parrow and Walker for example, and motile processes, which can exhibit motion, as modelled in the ambient calculus of Cardelli and Gordon.
	www.fairdene.com /picalculus (677 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We attain a calculus where concepts from other models of computation are more easily expressed than in the pi-calculus, thereby taking a step towards a unified yet simple model of computation.
		The basic calculus incorporates the notions of asynchronous labelled messages, concurrent objects composed of labelled methods, and a form of abstraction on processes allowing in particular to declare polymorphic classes.
		We present the ``calculus of flownomials'' that may be seen as an extension of the above calculus to cope with processes having multiple entries and multiple exits (pins for connections).
	web.it.kth.se /~josev/cur/pi.bib (2369 words)

	Subject: A Flaw in Calculus
		The method of calculus is to analyze the area under a curve into a smaller group of rectangles.
		If the process is in fact an infinite one, then calculus has simply failed to capture the area under the curve.
		Another way of putting the claim of calculus is that the curve is the limit of this process as it goes to infinity.
	www.flowresearch.com /flaw.html (1575 words)

	SSRN-Proxy Simulation Schemes for Generic Robust Monte-Carlo Sensitivities, Process Oriented Importance Sampling and ...
		The approach is essentially a numerical version of the likelihood ratio method and Malliavin's Calculus reconsidered on the level of the discrete numerical simulation scheme.
		Since the numerical scheme represents a time discrete stochastic process sampled on a discrete probability space the essence of the method may be motivated without a deeper mathematical understanding of the time continuous theory (e.g.
		The framework is completely generic and may be used for high accuracy drift approximations, process oriented importance sampling and the robust calculation of partial derivatives of expectations w.r.t.
	www.ssrn.com /abstract=702642 (417 words)

	Citations: calculus: A tutorial - Milner, ss- (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		We present the original one in [26] the relation is the smallest relation on processes, satisfying the rules in Figure 2 (with the obvious rules PAR r and COM r omitted) There are four kinds of actions, ranged over by.
		We present the original one in [25] the relation is the smallest relation on processes, satisfying the rules in Figure 2 (with the obvious rules PAR r and COM r omitted) There are four kinds of actions, ranged over by.
		Take process a(x y) P j a[b] The name a is expecting two names, but receives only one, this situation leading to a run time error.
	sherry.ifi.unizh.ch /context/2205/0 (3451 words)

	Formalizing Correlate<br>through the Pi-calculus
		Each object is modelled as a separate pi-calculus process that has internal state, a synchronization mechanism and a set of public channels for object interaction.
		A class is mapped onto a set of Operation processes (one for each operation or condition) which the objects use to execute a certain operation in their context.
		The list of processes used in the specification of the runtime architecture, gives us a complete overview of the basic functionality that is required for executing a Correlate program.
	www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be /~distrinet/projects/CORRELATE/PUBLICATIONS/Models97.html (2028 words)

	[No title]
		Processes and definitions are known modulo renaming of bound variables, as substitution performs alpha-conversion to avoid captures.
		Arguments to the guarded process are extracted from the queues identified by the matching status found.
		Either process quickly sends a message on S. Thus, a likely behavior is for the queue of S to alternate between being empty and holding one element, the queue being empty for short periods.
	pauillac.inria.fr /cdrom_a_graver/www/hevea/examples/pat.txt (6104 words)

	[No title]
		A process reads input, writes output, is a parallel composition of processes or is a process with a locally declared channel.
		The difference between communication and replicated communication is that in replicated communication, the process receiving the communication is duplicated, with one copy accepting the input and the other copy remaining ready to accept another communication of the same form.
		Process calculus, on the other hand, is generally presented as a synchronous system.
	theory.stanford.edu /people/jcm/cs358-96/pict.html (1904 words)

	Abstracts
		The ambient calculus is a concurrent calculus where the unifying notion of `ambient' is used to model many different constructs for distributed and mobile computation.
		The Ambient Calculus is a process calculus where processes may reside within a hierarchy of locations and modify it.
		The untyped ambient calculus is a process calculus in which ambients model a variety of concepts such as network nodes, packets, channels, and software agents.
	lucacardelli.name /Papers.html (7930 words)

	Calculus and Mathematica at UIUC
		In this day of revisionist calculus courses, one is tempted to design problems that are exceptionally interesting to professors, can be done with the calculus at hand, and which might play well to audiences watching calculus instruction change from the outside.
		Included in Mathematica is a word processor that students use to explain reasons for an upcoming calculation or plot and that students use to assess the meaning of the result of a calculation or a plot.
		In other words,encourage your students to talk about calculus the way that mathematicians and scientists really talk about calculus and not to try to talk about calculus the way that most authors of calculus traditional calculus books try to write about calculus.
	www-cm.math.uiuc.edu /instructortips (2578 words)

	Labnotes » Pi-cture this: Pi-calculus, Ruby and WideFinder
		Process calculus is to concurrent systems what relational algebra is to databases.
		In process calculus, we describe everything as concurrent processes interacting through message passing, with the ability to pass channels in messages.
		Process R receives that message and reduces to nothing, at which point process P reduces to … I’ll let you guess.
	blog.labnotes.org /2007/09/28/pi-cture-this-pi-calculus-ruby-and-widefinder (1801 words)

	Topology in Process Calculus by Mingsheng Ying [ISBN: 0387950923] - Find Cheap Textbook Prices & Save BIG
		Process calculi are among the most successful models of concurrent systems.
		Various behavior equivalences between processes are central notions in CCS (calculus of communicating systems) and other process calculi.
		In the real applications, specification and implementation are described as two processes, and correctness of programs is treated as a certain behavior equivalence between them.
	www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_0387950923.html (199 words)

	Ezra's Research: 100s of Results
		Contrast this with the theory of "process calculus." Those who know me know that I am not at all fond of this vein of research—I believe its merits are unproven after decades of research.
		The field of process calculus has hundreds of theorems, no doubt—but these theorems are all about the bisilimarity of one process calculus with another, or about when two individual systems can be considered equivalent.
		But the proofs in "distributed computing" are eminently useful, whereas those in "process calculus" are largely abstracted to the point of dubious utility.
	ezrakilty.net /research/2006/03/100s_of_results.html (1074 words)

	Semantics of Parallel Programming Languages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Reactive systems have a complex nature; a merely intuitive understanding is not sufficient to draw conclusions about their behavior.
		Process calculus describes and reasons about the interaction of a system with its environment.
		Agents and behaviors, exxamples, composition of agents, equality of agents, restrictions, transition graphs, the basic language, derivation trees, the value-passing calculus.
	www.risc.uni-linz.ac.at /education/courses/ss98/parsem (248 words)

	Calculus of Communicating Systems
		The Calculus of Communicating Systems (or CCS) is a process calculus developed by Robin Milner.
		What characterises our calculus is not the exact choice of combinators, but rather the choice of interpretation and of mathematical framework".
		The expressions of the language are interpreted as labelled transition system.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/c/ca/calculus_of_communicating_systems.html (139 words)

	Abstract FSTTCS '04
		We introduce ctm, a process calculus which embodies a notion of trust for global computing systems.
		In ctm each principal (location) is equipped with a policy, which determines its legal behaviour, and with a protocol, which allows interactions between principals and the flow of information from principals to policies.
		This yields an expressive calculus very suitable for the global computing scenarios, and provides a formalisation of notions such as trust evolution.
	www.dcs.qmul.ac.uk /~carbonem/paperi/abstractfsttcs04.html (100 words)

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