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Topic: Process gain

	Process
		Bologna process The purpose of the Bologna process is to harmonise UNESCO have jointly issued the Lisbon Convention on r...
		Cyanide process The Cyanide Process is a cyanide compounds.
		Process improvement Process improvement is the activity of elevating the performance of a process, especially that of a...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/process.html (0 words)

	Loop signatures 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Process dynamics are described by an equation known as the process transfer function, which can be loosely described as various factors which cause the output of the process to respond in a particular way to any change on the input of the process.
		The process gain is defined as the size of the step in PV, measured after it has reached steady state, divided by the size of the step that was made in the PD. The measurements are made in percent of span, and as these units cancel, process gain of a self regulating process is unitless.
		One way of defining the process gain for an integrating level loop would be the as the slope of the PV ramp resulting when the PD is at 100%, and there is zero flow out of (or into, as the case may be), the other side of the tank.
	www.controlloop.co.za /Loop_signatures/Loop_signatures_3/loop_signatures_3.htm (0 words)

	Process gain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a spread spectrum system, the process gain (or 'processing gain') is the ratio of the spread bandwidth to the unspread bandwidth.
		The process gain is the ratio by which unwanted signals or interference can be suppressed relative to the desired signal when both share the same frequency channel.
		For example, if a 1 kHz signal is spread to 100 kHz, the process gain expressed as a numerical ratio would be 100,000/1,000 = 100.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Process_gain (0 words)

	Process gain -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In a (Click link for more info and facts about spread spectrum) spread spectrum system, the process gain (or 'processing gain') is the ratio of the spread bandwidth to the unspread bandwidth.
		For example, if a 1 KHz signal is spread to 100 KHz, the process gain expressed as a numerical ratio would be 100,000/1,000 = 100.
		Note that process gain has no effect on wideband thermal noise.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/process_gain.htm (0 words)

	[No title]
		The ratio is determined by the tuning constant, the proportional gain.
		The output does not influence the process here since this is an open loop test of the controller and therefore the process variable remains unchanged.
		The controller gain is 2.52, the range of the controller (= the primary instrument) is 150 units, the range of the ‘secondary’ is 100 (the output goes to a valve).
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/actgmbh/Sample.doc (0 words)

	Intelligently Tune PID Controllers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Developing an empirical model requires that a test be performed on the process to obtain the response of the controlled variable to a known change.
		To minimize the impact of the test on process operations, the changes in the manipulated variable (the test input) should be as small as possible.
		Controller gain: The controller gain suggested by the ITAE method is significantly higher (by almost 50% for analyses I and II) than that suggested by the Lambda and IMC methods.
	chem.engr.utc.edu /ENGR328/Intelligently-Tune-PID-Controllers.htm (0 words)

	Universal Dynamics - Engineering, Software and Productivity
		The underlying problem with PID based control schemes is that the control action is based on instantaneous error between the process variable and the set point without anticipation of the long term effects of the present control action or of the effects of previous control actions to which the process has not yet responded.
		Process Transfer Function Identification: The process model is adjusted to correct for model errors and to respond to changes in process characteristics by fitting observed process responses to the process model.
		The degree to which the model is able to represent the process and automatically adjust to the process changes determines the accuracy of the calculated control actions and the resulting control performance.
	udl.com /library/p20a.html (0 words)

	Glossary of Process Control Terms
		Gain (of the controller): This is another way of expressing the "P" part of the PID controller.
		Gain (of the process): Gain is defined as the change in input divided by the change in output.
		Gain Margin: The difference in the logarithms of the amplitude ratios at the frequency where the combined phase angle is 180 degrees lag is the GAIN MARGIN.
	www.expertune.com /glossary.html (0 words)

	ACT - Ziegler-Nichols Tuning
		Ziegler and Nichols have developed PID tuning methods back in the early fourties based on open loop tests (less known than for example the Cohen-Coon formulas) and also based on a closed loop test, which is maybe their most widely known achievement.
		This gain is called the "ultimate gain" Ku.
		The closed loop methods does not require adjustments, a big advantage, since both process and controller are part of the test, but suffers from one major disadvantage: Bringing the loop into stable, sustained oscillation is simply out of the question for industrial processes.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/ACTGMBH/zn.htm (568 words)

	RCN Associates Control Theory
		If the process variable should suddenly begin to differ from the setpoint, the controller's immediate reaction will be determined primarily by the actions of the derivative term in equation [1].
		For the sluggish process, a large value for the derivative tuning constant D might be advisable to accelerate the controller's reaction to an error that appears suddenly.
		For the fast-acting process, however, an equally large value for D might cause the controller's output to fluctuate wildly as every change in the error (including extraneous changes caused by measurement noise) is amplified by the controller's derivative action.
	www.rcnassoc.com /Library/Control.htm (0 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The assessment is used to determine process awareness in the organization and to devise an action plan for improvement of the process.
		The process improvement team needs to assess the organization to determine the root cause of problems, to determine the rate of change for the process improvement efforts, and to institute feedback mechanisms to measure progress.
		These process metrics are not pure because the underlying processes are not under rigorous statistical control; however, they provide a point of focus for the organization's improvement efforts.
	www.research.compaq.com /wrl/DECarchives/DTJ/DTJC05/DTJC05SC.TXT (0 words)

	Processes
		Each process is assigned with the same amount of time, called quantum which it allowed to run.
		At the end of the quantum, or process block or the process has finished the CPU preempted and is given to another process.
		After the process gain the CPU and has been preempted, it is assigned with it's original priority.
	www.cs.bgu.ac.il /~os021/processes.html (0 words)

	Technical Program Paper Detail - AIChE
		This is an integrating process, so the steady-state gain is infinite, and the process should be very difficult to control according McAvoy and Braatz (2003).
		where G is the process, w180 is the frequency where the phase lag of the system (process + controller) is 180 degrees, and v is the relative valve resolution (e.g.
		The magnitude of the resulting oscillations may be reduced by (1) improving the accuracy of the valve, or (2) increasing w180 by reducing the effective delay around the loop.
	www.aiche.org /conferences/techprogram/paperdetail.asp?PaperID=312&DSN=annual04 (0 words)

	Process Control.
		Process parameters are interpolated in the deadband region.
		In other words, when the secondary process variable increases 10% on the secondary scale, this also produces a 10% change in the process variable on the primary scale.
		When mp is the gain factor of the primary loop, ms the gain factor of the secondary loop and m the one from the single loop, the peak values in the primary loop will be reduced by a value of (mp).(ms) and the secondary by ((mp x ms)/m).
	www.hills2.u-net.com /chemical/proccont.htm (0 words)

	Control Engineering - Gain scheduling handles nonlinear processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The classical solution to this problem is to operate the process entirely within one range or another (that is, keep X and Y low) or use a control algorithm that varies its gain as the process gain varies.
		If the variations in the process gain can be observed or inferred while the controller is in operation, it is fairly simple to update the controller's gain accordingly.
		This is often accomplished with a gain schedule - a look-up table that gives the controller gain appropriate for the current operating range as indicated by the value of the process variable.
	www.manufacturing.net /ctl/index.asp?layout=articleWebzine&articleid=CA245716 (0 words)

	Elite Software - PsyChart
		The lines for all standard psychrometric processes, such as heating and humidification, cooling and dehumidification, mixing, collecting, etc., are displayed on the chart with simple user commands.
		Seven processes are allowed including: general linear processes, heating, cooling and dehumidification, collection, mixing, and various processes for air as it passes through a zone.
		The Process Input/Output Report lists the air volume rates, percentages for mixing and collecting processes, and the input and output state conditions for the processes.
	www.elitesoft.com /web/hvacr/psywindows.htm (0 words)

	Tuning process controllers starts in manual
		The process lag time is how long it takes for the process variable (PV) to go 63% of the way to where it eventually ends up.
		The process gain, or merely the gain, is found by dividing the total change in the PV divided by the change in the controller output.
		The process described was found to have a 30-second lag time, a 10-second dead time, and gain of 1.
	www.expertune.com /ArtInTechMay99.html (0 words)

	Stock Tanks in the Refining Operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For the soils lab processing system, 0.25% cyanide solution is combined with coarse charcoal in a high speed centrifuge while accepting regolith from the storage cannister.
		The setpoint and gain figures are calculated along with entering the RATE constant.
		Each stock tank is vented during the mixing process to allow excess gas to escape without having a chance to fall back into solution.
	inprosys.bizland.com /website/stock.htm (0 words)

	MFA pH Controller
		Most process plants generate a wastewater effluent that must be neutralized prior to discharge or reuse.
		Away from neutrality, the process gain is relatively small.
		For a strong-acid-strong-base pH process, if the controller gain for the flat portion is 1, then the gain for the steep slope can be estimated as 0.001, which is 1000 times smaller.
	www.cyboman.com /technologies/mfaph.html (0 words)

	Ch. 6 - Loop Tuning
		A conservative setting would be a gain of 1 or less and a reset of less than 0.1.
		The Ultimate Gain, Gu, is the gain at which the oscillations continue with a constant amplitude.
		The "controllability" of a process is depends upon the gain which can be used.
	www.jashaw.com /pid/tutorial/pid6.html (0 words)

	Configuring a Non-Linear Process Control System using National Instruments Products - Tutorial - Industry Solutions - ...
		It is well suited for controlling nonlinear processes or processes with nonlinear sensors, actuators, and other elements.
		The Process Linearity Factor is a number between 0 and 10.
		Simply advise the controller whether the process is extremely nonlinear (enter a 9 or 10), quite nonlinear (enter a 5 or 6), or somewhat nonlinear (enter a 1 or 2).
	zone.ni.com /devzone/conceptd.nsf/0/9119E03F672005C786256E210081BCF9?opendocument&node=200768_US (0 words)

	Continuous Control Systems Exersise 5
		If a second processing unit was installed identical to this one except for a larger-diameter tank, what would you do to provide the same loop response?
		Draw a graph showing process gain and controller gain with respect to level.
		F is 30% of the process scale and 155
	exted.fullerton.edu /vwegelin/ex5.htm (0 words)

	InTech: Where's the modern in these loops
		This error calculation transmits to the controller and submits to the PID algorithm to calculate the output effort that is necessary for the process dynamic to correct the error.
		The process model is a mathematical representation of the behavior according to the physics and the chemistry of the process.
		The gain is the ratio of the change in process value over the change in controller output.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3739/is_200401/ai_n9362350 (0 words)

	ACT - Ziegler-Nichols Tuning
		Ziegler and Nichols have developed PID tuning methods back in the early forties based on open loop tests (less known than for example the Cohen-Coon formulas) and also based on a closed loop test, which is maybe their most widely known achievement.
		· The closed loop methods does not require adjustments, a big advantage, since both process and controller are part of the test, but suffers from one major disadvantage: Bringing the loop into stable, sustained oscillation is simply out of the question for industrial processes.
		Once the process parameters are known you can calculate refined PID constants (less overshoot, smoother approach than Z-N) for both setpoint tuning and load tuning (P-action on error or PV) using ACT's proprietary methods.
	www.act-control.com /ZN.HTM (0 words)

	Elements in Series
		In general, a process reaction curve is a step response of the system including final control element, process, and measuring element.
		Please obtain the process reaction curve and determine the transfer function for each process element.
		To estimate the magnitude of the input change you can assume the process gain for the third element is no greater than 2.2.
	www.ent.ohiou.edu /che/che417/ex2n.html (0 words)

	trickler - trickler.exe - Process Information
		This process should be removed to ensure your personal privacy.
		WinTasks 5.0 Professional allows you to stop or block all unnecessary processes, clean your computer of unwanted residues from uninstalled programs, prevent annoying pop-ups and tweak your system to achieve the best performance levels.
		Featured in USA Today and the Washington Times, the regularly updated process library of WinTasks is critical to all PC users.
	www.liutilities.com /products/wintaskspro/processlibrary/trickler (0 words)

	Bookworkz.com: Process Improvement in the Electronics Industry, 2nd Edition
		A systemic approach to continuous process improvement Process improvement is rapidly becoming one of the most significant factors in achieving organizational success.
		Nearly every aspect of an organization can gain from process improvement and innovation–leadership and management, visioning and planning, research and development, marketing and sales, manufacturing and distribution.
		Including numerous case studies and suggestions for implementing a process control program based on the actual experiences of manufacturers and suppliers, Process Improvement in the Electronics Industry, Second Edition remains a compellingly useful reference for anyone charged with or interested in achieving greater efficiency in industry, manufacturing, leadership, and other areas.
	www.bookworkz.com /business/management/0471209570.html (0 words)

	APC-network.com
		The site brings value to the users of Advanced Process Control (APC) technology within the Refining and Petrochemical industry by providing up-to-date information which is essential when installing, upgrading or maintaining the technology.
		Process and Control KPIs measure the effectiveness of the process and the control system, and help plant-floor personnel to allocate their resources.
		The award is given for Dr. Morshedi's ongoing contributions to advance the field of real-time process control and optimization.
	www.apc-network.com (0 words)

	Gain scheduling handles nonlinear processes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A majority of feedback control techniques, including the venerable PID algorithm, relies on the principle of linearity that guarantees a Y% change in the process variable following an X% change in the control effort.
		The ratio or gain between X and Y will be fixed, whether the process is currently running at maximum capacity, minimum capacity, or somewhere in between.
		A controller needs only know the value of that gain and the speed at which the process moves to select its control efforts appropriately.
	www.manufacturing.net /ctl/index.asp?layout=articlePrint&articleID=CA245716 (0 words)

	The Communication Initiative - Thinking - Digital Change Process of Gain-for-All (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Hence this reservoir of volunteer skills, energy, and know-how, coupled with ICT can be effective in building organizational and community capacity, facilitate mutual learning, and creating national and international solidarity.
		There are volunteers who are...willing to be active in social change process, but confront organizational and financial challenges.
		There are organizations that lack volunteers who fully understand the concept and are keen to provide their time, skills, and know-how for a cause without any personal financial return.
	www.comminit.com /strategicthinking/st2004/thinking-857.html (0 words)

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