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Topic: Processor registers

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	Processor register - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer architecture, a processor register is a small amount of very fast computer memory used to speed the execution of computer programs by providing quick access to commonly used values—typically, the values being in the midst of a calculation at a given point in time.
		Processor registers are the top of the memory hierarchy, and provide the fastest way for the system to access data.
		Registers are now usually implemented as a register file, but they have also been implemented using individual flip-flops, high speed core memory, thin film memory, and other ways in various machines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Processor_register (495 words)

	Itanium® Processor Family Performance Advantages: Register Stack Architecture - Intel® Software Network
		And with only a small number of processor registers at its disposal, the compiler would soon run out of registers while the nesting level of function calls would be very shallow.
		The register stack serves a similar function as the memory stack in traditional processors, but the register stack is managed internally by the processor.
		Instructions that use processor registers exclusively don't have to wait for the memory cycles to complete; they perform all their work at full speed inside the processor.
	www.intel.com /cd/ids/developer/asmo-na/eng/os/windows/20314.htm?page=2 (1256 words)

	Learn more about X86 assembly language in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There are several 16-bit processor registers that are commonly used by the average application programmer.
		Each register is specialized for one thing, and operations that deal with that thing are often smaller if the right register is used (smaller code runs faster).
		Usually, the two registers (the segment- and the offset-register) are written like this to denote that they are together pointing to some memory address: segment-register:offset-register.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /x/x8/x86_assembly_language.html (1582 words)

	Itanium® Processor Family Performance Advantages: Register Stack Architecture - Intel® Software Network
		Processor register accesses, on the other hand, are the fat and wide straight-aways where the processor really flies.
		The allocated registers in a function's Register Stack Frame are temporary locations that store operands local to the function and those that are input and output from the function.
		When the register resources on the processor are available again, the RSE takes data that was temporarily held in the register stack backing store and moves it into the registers.
	www.intel.com /cd/ids/developer/asmo-na/eng/os/windows/20314.htm (635 words)

	Processor setup via co-processor 15
		Register 2 is set to zero after power-up, and registers 3-5 are undefined.
		The registers are exactly the same as the ARM710, except the processor ID (register 0) will be different.
		The co-processor is free to interpret the fields as it desires, but the standard interpretation is that the contents of the ARM register are written to the co-processor register using the operation code given, which may be further modified by the second co-processor register and/or the second operation code.
	www.heyrick.co.uk /assembler/coprocmnd.html (2814 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The primary processor console needed to communicate with a secondary proces- sor, but the secondary processor was not in console mode.
		The specified node is not a processor, as re- quired by the command.
		Register addresses for a particular device in a system are found by adding an offset to the base address for that device.
	deathrow.vistech.net /~cvisors/DEC94MDS/650eahr1.txt (8689 words)

	Structure of a Computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A processor control unit is considerably more complex than the kinds of finite state machines you have seen so far.
		Register Transfer Notation As you have seen so far, most of what the control does is transfer data from one register to another, asserting the appropriate control signals at the correct times.
		When the processor notices that Wait is no longer asserted, it latches data into the MBR on a read or tri-states the data connection to memory on a write.
	www.mathsociety.com /cld/chapter11/chapter11.doc1.html (3417 words)

	r_harvey - 8086 Processor Registers
		One way to read the IP register is with a near call instruction, which places the value of the instruction pointer on the stack.
		Most processor memory instructions assume that we are manipulating data in the default data segment.
		Copying between registers is straightforward; for semantic clarity (of which that phrase is not an example), we specify the source and destinations directly.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/r_harvey/doc_cpu.htm (3506 words)

	Processor Registers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The flags register contains various bits that control and record the state of the microprocessor, as defined belowOverflow Set when an arithmetic overflow occurred.
		An arithmetic overflow occurs when the size of a computation exceeds the size of the destination.
		This flag is useful for propagating carries and borrows for multi-word numbers.
	home.olemiss.edu /~fmathew/csci223_summer2002/registers.htm (300 words)

	Registers
		A vector register holding the result of a 32-bit load or operation is defined for use only as an operand of a 32-bit store or operation.
		When a vector register is written by a memory load or vector instruction, only the elements that are actually written are well-defined in the result vector register.
		There is a restriction that prohibits the use of the same vector register as both the operand and the result of a type conversion operation.
	docs.cray.com /books/S-2314-51/html-S-2314-51/x419.html (887 words)

	THE SPARC ARCHITECTURE
		When a program is running it has access to 32 32-bit processor registers which include eight global reg isters plus 24 registers that belong to the current register window.
		Register windows are also used to save the processor contexts when traps, or interrupts occur.
		On processors that use delayed branches but cannot annul the delay instruction, the compiler must try to fill the delay slot whether or not the branch is taken.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~fischer/cs701.f03/sparc.htm (1389 words)

	ORBSEARCH.COM \| encyclopedia of knowledge
		An instance of a local machine dependent optimization: to set a register to 0, the obvious way is to use the constant 0 with the instruction that sets a register value to a constant.
		Number of CPU registers: To a certain extent, the more registers, easier it is to optimize for performance.
		on many processors in the 68000 family, for example, "lea a0,25(a1,d54)" assigns to the a0 register* 25 + the contents of a1 + 4 * the contents of d5 in a single instruction and without an explicit move or overwriting a1 or d5
	www.orbsearch.com /so/Software_optimization.php (3007 words)

	OpenVMS VAX System Dump Analyzer Utility Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Next, the general registers display shows the contents of the processor's general-purpose registers (R0 through R11) and the AP, FP, SP, PC, and PSL at the time of the crash.
		The second section of the processor registers display shows those registers that are specific to the type of processor being examined.
		Indication that the failed processor (CPU 00) was not the primary processor (CPU 01), but requested CPU 01 to take a CPUEXIT bugcheck.
	pupgg.princeton.edu /cdrom12/html/ssb71/4556/4556p008.htm (2385 words)

	Hardware Overview
		Scalar registers, scalar functional units, and the instruction buffers reside in the scalar unit, while the vector unit contains vector registers and the vector functional units.
		Chaining is reading from a V register that is still being written to, and tailgating is writing to a V register that is still being read from a prior vector instruction.
		Moving data from cache to a register is 2-to-3 times faster than moving data directly from memory to a register (ideally, 32 clock periods (CPs) compared to about 102 CPs).
	docs.cray.com /books/S-2312-35/html-S-2312-35/z977175648dep.html (1128 words)

	MIPS Technical Tidbits
		Co-processor general registers can be loaded from one of the processor's registers, or directly from memory.
		The processor operating mode (user, kernel, and starting with the R4000, supervisor mode) determines the accessibility and mapping of the segments in the virtual address space.
		The processor's MMU translates all virtual addresses generated by the CPU through its translation lookaside buffer (TLB), which is essentially a fully-associative cache of recently translated virtual page numbers.
	www.go-ecs.com /mips/miptek1.htm (1185 words)

	(WO 00/33188) EFFICIENT HANDLING OF A LARGE REGISTER FILE FOR CONTEXT SWITCHING AND FUNCTION CALLS AND RETURNS ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The dirty bit logic determines whether a register or group of registers in the register file has been written since the process was loaded or the context was last restored and, if written generates a value in the dirty bit storage that designates the written condition of the register or group of registers.
		When the context is next saved, the dirty bit logic saves a particular register or group of registers when the dirty bit storage indicates that a register or group of registers was written.
		If the register or group of registers was not written, the context is switched without saving the register or group of registers.
	wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=00/33188.010412&... (314 words)

	Gamasutra - Features - Optimizing Games for the Pentium III Processor [03.25.99]
		To make the most of your game on Pentium III processor based systems, you have to know how to optimize you game for the new processor, and that in turn requires that you understand the processor's architecture.
		The Pentium III processor is based on the same well-known foundation as the Pentium II processor, and as such, many of the software design principles and optimization techniques still apply.
		Beyond that though, you need to learn about the Pentium III processor’s new registers and new instructions, and decide how to design your next title to make the most of these features.
	www.gamasutra.com /features/19990326/katmai_01.htm (213 words)

	Processor Registers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Register Indirect Addressing: In this method the operand being specified comes from or goes into the memory.
		Again the segment register is implied or can be specified.
		Base-Index Addressing: Addressing mode in which the address is computed by adding the components of 2 registers (a base register and an index register) and an optional offset.
	home.olemiss.edu /~fmathew/csci223_summer2002/addressingmodes.htm (237 words)

	Toggit Certification Home for MCSE CCNA A+ study guides and test prep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		High-end processors, such as the Motorola 68040 and the Intel Pentium, have all the functions of a PMMU built into the chip itself.
		In all but the most trivial parallel-processing applications, the programmer or the operating system must assign approximate processor loads; otherwise, it is possible for nonoptimized systems to fail to take advantage of the power available and, in the worst case, parent directory run more slowly than on single-processor systems.
		In processor architecture, a method of fetching and decoding instructions that ensures that the processor never needs to wait; as soon as one instruction is executed, the next one is ready.
	www.toggit.com /Library/pedia/techno.asp?Term=p&Techno=Letter (9535 words)

	CA225b MIPS Assembly Language Programming
		Registers may be referred to by name or number in assembly language, for instance, register 4 can be referred to as $4 or $a0, and is usually used for an argument to a procedure.
		The condition is always a comparison of 2 registers, or a register and a constant.
		Registers may be used as sources and destinations of data.
	www.compapp.dcu.ie /~ray/CA225b.html (10703 words)

	Apple Imac G5
		With Quartz Extreme, the graphics processors take over transform and lighting calculation functions from the CPU, freeing the G5 processor to perform essential system tasks faster than ever before.
		Choose a 1.6 or 1.8GHz G5 processor that’s ready to run modern 64-bit applications under the secure and stable Mac OS X operating system.
		Extreme Graphics The sizzling graphics processor and next-generation high-bandwidth architecture kick 3D games and graphics into high gear, with three times the frame rate as the previous iMac in Unreal Tournament 2004.
	www.appledirect.co.uk /apple-imac-g5.php (3794 words)

	Apple - iMac G5 - Processor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Enter the future on a G5 processor that registers more power than ever.
		Conducting operations at the center of your iMac G5 is the brain behind Apple’s professional desktop computer.
		Future-proof G5 The G5 processor lets you run any program written for Mac OS X without a hitch.
	www.apple.com /imac/processor.html (391 words)

	Athlon 1.33 and the processor registers? - I Am Not A Geek Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Anyway, does anyone know if register 52 (I think that's the one) is set up correctly by default or do I have to enable the thing?
		The reason I am asking is because my full load temps are right at 51-52 c and I know that is not really "bad" but it definately isn't good either.
		It only makes the processor idle properly, so only changes your idle temps.
	forum.iamnotageek.com /archive/topic.php/t-35166.html (387 words)

	Free-Essays-Free-Essays.com - Computers Research Paper
		Whenever the CPU needs to “crunch” a number that is not already in a register, a memory request is generated, and the CPU’s internal memory controller goes to work.
		The processor then sends it to the operating system which sends it to the program that is running, a word processor for example.
		This device holds the processor, memory, and expansion slots; and it connects directly or indirectly with every part of the computer.
	www.free-essays-free-essays.com /dbase/2c/cot59.shtml (2068 words)

	MMX -INST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The presence of the CPUID instruction is indicated by the ID bit (21) in the EFLAGS register.
		registers used for the operand points to an illegal memory location.
		MMX register or memory, or it moves the 64-bit data from one MMX register or
	www.bisnowden.com /mmx_inst.htm (4075 words)

	Power of two (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Nearly all processor registers have sizes that are powers of two (32 being currently used in most personal computers).
		Powers of two occur in a range of other places as well.
		Because modern memory cells and registers often hold a number of bits which is a power of two, the most frequent powers of two to appear are those whose exponent is also a power of two.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/power_of_two (476 words)

	Atrevida Tutorial 12: Introduction to 80x86 Assembler
		The 8088 processor's registers were covered in Chapter 5, but they are so important that I'm going to briefly review them here.
		These registers can also be accessed in 8-bit fragments: AH, BH, CH, and DH are the high 8-bit registers, encompassing the most-significant (left-most) bytes.
		CS is the code segment register, storing the segment portion of the address that points to the next instruction in memory to be executed.
	atrevida.comprenica.com /atrtut12.html (4022 words)

	CCA-2-OSS Lecture - Week 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		* Some registers may be referenced by instructions executed in supervisor mode; others are accessible only to hardware
		* eventually contents of registers may be restored and execution continued in user mode from point of interruption
		Storage devices can be put in order of increasing capacity, namely, * registers, cache memory, main memory, disk, tape
	www.scism.sbu.ac.uk /ccsv/josephmb/CS-L2-OS/oss00-01/week1.html (325 words)

	SourceForge.net CVS Repository - diff - cvs: gpsim/ChangeLog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Two categories of changes have been made: First, the unitialized register
		concept has been propogated to all of the register constructions.
		Added new member functions to the Processor class to simplify
	cvs.sourceforge.net /viewcvs.py/gpsim/ChangeLog?r1=1.149&r2=1.180 (361 words)

	SourceForge.net CVS Repository - diff - cvs: gpsim/ChangeLog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		class to manipulate the new way register values are represented.
		add rma member for getting access to processor registers.
		the time gpsim accesses a processor's details through one of the
	cvs.sourceforge.net /viewcvs.py/gpsim/ChangeLog?r1=1.4&r2=1.186 (1960 words)

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