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Topic: Producer gas

	Gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A gas is one of the four main phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures.
		The thermodynamic state of a gas is characterized by its volume, its temperature, which is determined by the average velocity or kinetic energy of the molecules, and its pressure, which is determined by the average velocity and density or number of molecules.
		The word "gas" was invented by Jan Baptist van Helmont as a phonetic spelling of the Flemish pronunciation of the Greek word "chaos".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gas (681 words)

	Gas Engines and Producer Gas Plants
		Producer gas had previously been used for heating purposes, in which case it was desirable to keep the temperature of the gas as high as possible before being burned.
		When the gas from the blast furnace is not sufficiently cleaned before it goes into the gas engine, the dust collects on the inner surface of the cylinder, and, as the piston moves to and fro, the dust is ground between the piston and cylinder, thus causing excessive heating and perhaps cutting of the surfaces.
		The temperature of the gas is also reduced by the water, the amount varying from 60 to 260 degrees F., depending on the temperature of the blast-furnace gas, the temperature of the water, and the efficiency of the cleaner.
	www.old-engine.com /gasbook.htm (10186 words)

	Producer gas hazards
		Producer gas, the mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and other gases, is hazardious, if it is not handled and used properly.
		Producer gas consists of carbon monoxide, which is extremely toxic and dangerous as it combine with haemoglobin in the blood, preventing oxygen absorption and distribution.
		During the gasification of biomass, ashes and condensate (mainly water) are produced.
	members.tripod.com /~cturare/haz.htm (329 words)

	AGA \| Natural Gas Glossary (G) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Gas produced in association with oil, or from a gas cap overlying and in contact with the crude oil in the reservoir.
		A gas obtained by destructive distillation of coal, or by the thermal decomposition of oil, or by the reaction of steam passing through a bed of heated coal or coke, or catalyst beds.
		Gas found in its natural state, containing such small amounts of compounds of sulfur that it can be used without purifying, with no deleterious effect on piping and equipment.
	www.aga.org /Content/NavigationMenu/About_Natural_Gas/Natural_Gas_Glossary/Natural_Gas_Glossary_(G).htm (2436 words)

	A Brief History of the Manufactured Gas Industry in the United States
		From the superheater, the carburetted water gas was fed into a sealed wash box where the gas cooled slightly, allowing some the impurities in the form of coal tar (and associated wastes) to condense and settle out.
		The gas was also passed through a scrubber, a device that brought the vapor into direct contact with water, thus removing even more impurities from the gas.
		After scrubbing, the gas was moved into the relief holder, which served as a reservoir that provided a continuous gas supply to the exhauster.
	www.heritageresearch.com /manufactured_gas_C.htm (1047 words)

	Wood gas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wood gas, also known as holzgas, air gas or blue gas, is the product of thermal gasification of biomass or other carbon containing materials such as coal in a gasifier.
		Purification of the gas and feeding it into the natural gas pipelines is one variant to link it to existing refuelling infrastructure, liquidification by the Fischer-Tropsch process is the other possibility.
		A wood gasifier takes wood chips, sawdust, charcoal, coal, rubber or similar materials as fuel and burns these incompletely in a fire box, producing solid ashes and soot (which have to be removed periodically from the gasifier and constantly from the gas) and wood gas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Producer_gas (919 words)

	Producer gas conditioning
		Producer gas leaves the gasifier as the mixture of combustible and non-cobustible gases alongwith tar vapour, water vapour, dust, mineral vapour.
		The removal of tar from gas producer is one of the more difficult problmes in gas cleaning.
		Gas cleaning and cooling for gasifier system is accomplished by a cyclone, a gas cooler with some scrubbing action and a packed bed filter.
	members.tripod.com /~cturare/cond.htm (379 words)

	Intute sciences - Chemical Sciences: Inorganic Industrial Chemistry: Wood, Coal, and Domestic Gas
		Gas lighting at this time was by flame; the present incandescent gas mantle was not developed until 1885, at which time incandescent electric lighting was taking over an increasing share of the lighting market.
		Since the heat available per volume of natural gas is much greater than the heat obtained per volume of manufactured gas or "town gas", the burners and equipment must be converted when the supply is changed (as in Britain in the 1970's when town gas was replaced by natural gas from the North Sea).
		The final composition of producer gas is about 12% hydrogen, 25% carbon monoxide, 7% carbon dioxide, and 56% nitrogen; the nitrogen comes from the air used in the producer gas reaction.
	www.intute.ac.uk /sciences/reference/plambeck/chem1/p01264a.htm (1384 words)

	AllRefer.com - producer gas (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		producer gas, fuel gas consisting chiefly of carbon monoxide and nitrogen.
		Producer gas has a low heating value because it is about 60% inert nitrogen.
		When producer gas contains hydrogen, it is also a source material for the manufacture of synthetic ammonia.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/producer.html (248 words)

	2.1 Fuelling of engines by producer gas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Producer gas, the gas generated when wood, charcoal or coal is gasified with air, consists of some 40 per cent combustible gases, mainly carbon monoxide, hydrogen and some methane.
		In mixing the producer gas with combustion air there is an additional reason for power loss because of changes in the composition of the gas, as well as of variations in pressure drop over the gasifier installation and it is very difficult to maintain continuously a stoichiometric mixture of producer gas and air.
		Gas turbines are very sensitive to dust, especially at high inlet temperatures, and it is doubtful if gas quality requirements can be met with the filtering systems described in section 2.6.
	www.fao.org /docrep/t0512e/t0512e08.htm (2618 words)

	Electricity from wood waste
		These produced gas which combusted so clean it was used in chimney-less household appliances such as cookers and heaters, without adverse effects.
		The wood is converted to a gas with hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane as the combustible components, and nitrogen and carbon dioxide as inert gas ballast.
		The producer gas thus generated, is primarily a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
	www.green-trust.org /woodgas.htm (2075 words)

	The Wood fired Gas Producer for powering older model cars and trucks
		The gas butterfly is connected to a second accelerator pedal and the air butterfly to a hand operated lever on the dash.
		If a gas producer was mounted on a ute or a traytop truck then a pump could be mechanically driven from the engine.
		After the cooling of the gas through the steam generator it is desirable to cool it again as much as possible before entering the wet filter.
	www.angelfire.com /ak5/energy21/woodfire.htm (4298 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for producer gas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		producer gas PRODUCER GAS [producer gas] fuel gas consisting chiefly of carbon monoxide and nitrogen.
		gas, fuel GAS, FUEL [gas, fuel] gaseous substance that burns in air and releases enough heat to be useful as a fuel, while also remaining sufficiently stable at ordinary temperatures to permit long-term storage without deterioration or undue hazard.
		One-Month Lag in Producer Price Indexes for Liquefied Petroleum Gas to Be Removed Effective with Data for July 2001.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/38076.html (704 words)

	Material constants of producer gas
		The properties of producer gas from the two-stage gasifier at DTU will be calculated and estimated in the following sections.
		The estimated gas compositions and mole masses at (A) and (B) are listed in table A.1.
		If an (super-)saturated gas is cooled down or applied a higher pressure without exchange of matter with the surroundings, some of the steam condenses to liquid water.
	home.worldonline.dk /claus_h/thesis/node15.html (482 words)

	Mastio & Company Natural Gas Producer Press Release
		Ninety percent of the natural gas produced in North America is represented in this study.
		Each producer rated buyers on 25 producer satisfaction attributes including: credit worthiness of purchaser, pays promptly within terms, willingness to solve problems, gas buyer is accessible and responsive, knowledge, integrity and experience of gas buyer, purchaser is price competitive, plus overall preference and performance.
		Marketers who scored well in producer satisfaction are allocating sufficient time and resources to keep even the most critical producer happy, their customers.
	www.mastio.com /press/prodpres.html (688 words)

	Heat: Combustion engineering - Producer Gas (Wood Gas) What is "ratio" ? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		I don't have a heat of combustion for producer gas but it is a mixture of CO and N2.
		The heat of combustion of producer gas is in the range 125-150 BTU per cubic foot.
		Producer gas from most solid fuels runs between 100 and 150 BTU/cuft and thus requires between 1 and 1.5 cuft air per cuft of gas.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=48104&page=1 (739 words)

	Gas Producer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		To produce gas, air was drawn in, passed into an annular chamber and mixed with steam, this mixture was then 'drafted' into the fire box.
		The air/steam mixture, passing through the burning coke, produced a gas comprising four main components, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen.
		The gas was drawn off and passed through a "scrubber".
	highforest.tripod.com /woodgas/kev.html (282 words)

	2.8 Health and environmental hazards associated with the use of producer gas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		An important constituent of producer gas is carbon monoxide, an extremely toxic and dangerous gas because of its tendency to combine with the haemoglobin of the blood and in this way prevent oxygen absorption and distribution.
		During starting-up the gas is generally vented, and it is necessary to ensure that the gases produced cannot be trapped in an enclosed room.
		During the gasification of wood and/or agricultural residues, ashes (from the gasifier and from the cleaning section) and condensate (mainly water) are produced.
	www.fao.org /docrep/t0512e/T0512e0f.htm (971 words)

	Crude Oil and Natural Gas Taxes FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The natural gas annual producer's report and payment are due on or before February 20th for the preceding production year.
		The crude oil monthly producer or purchaser report and payment must be filed on or before the 25th day of each month covering transactions of the previous month.
		The regulatory rate for gas produced before September 1, 2001 was $0.000333.
	www.window.state.tx.us /taxinfo/crude/faqoilgas.html (574 words)

	Pilot-scale biological sulphate and nitrate removal utilizing producer gas as energy source
		The discharge of effluents rich in sulphate and nitrate is of increasing concern, as the former leads to mineralisation of surface water, and the latter is a plant nutrient.
		Another benefit of using producer gas over organic carbon sources is that it can be produced in sufficient quantities for the treatment of large flows, as coal is the raw material.
		Hydrogen gas was introduced into the anaerobic reactor by recirculation of a side stream downwards, over packing material, through a pressure vessel, filled with hydrogen gas at a pressure between 200 and 500 kPa.
	www.cepis.org.pe /muwww/fulltext/repind54/pilot/pilot.html (3488 words)

	Factmonster Search: gas
		gas, in physics, one of the three commonly recognized states of matter, the other two being solid...
		gas, fuel, gaseous substance that burns in air and releases enough heat to be useful as a fuel,...
		coal gas, gas obtained in the destructive distillation of soft coal, as a byproduct in the...
	www.factmonster.com /search?fr=fmtn&x=0&y=0&query=gas (155 words)

	How To Run Your Own Car On Wood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Producer gas (also called town gas, coal gas and power gas) is nothing new or mysterious.
		Producer gas is made by sucking a limited amount of air through a bed of red-hot carboniferous fuel (wood, charcoal, low-temperature coke, straw, peat, etc.) in a closed furnace called a generator.
		Before you can pipe producer gas from the generator into your auto's engine, the fuel needs to be cleaned of any solid particles, ash, soot or tar.
	www.motherearthnews.com /Alternative_Energy/1974_May_June/How_To_Run_Your_car_On_Wood (2597 words)

	FILM: INTERVIEW WITH SAM KINGSLEY, PRODUCER OF “GAS ATTACK” FOR CHANNEL 4.
		So they spent their formative years in a mental asylum with very deeply disturbed adults and Nick quite rightly thought that this was atrocious and tried to build an orphanage so they’d have a better place to go.
		Then the sarin gas attack happened in Tokyo and then the nail bomber hit that summer focusing on the Asian and gay community and we thought Christ, what if that guy had had a chemical or biological weapon capability and really that was the beginning of what eventually was Gas Attack.
		Gas Attack had less than 1.5 million viewers which is not many but the fact is that they did make it and they did show it.
	www.3ammagazine.com /litarchives/2002_jan/interview_gas_attack.html (2334 words)

	Shoreline Gas
		Mastio and Company's "Natural Gas Producer/Purchaser Satisfaction Survey" in 2006 reported that Shoreline Gas Inc. ranked #2 of all natural gas marketing companies for producer satisfaction in the United States and Canada.
		The study surveyed producers responsible for over 23 trillion cubic feet of wellhead gas within the United States and Canada, ultimately asking producers to rank gas marketing companies according to various satisfaction criteria.
		At Shoreline Gas you are doing business with the same group of people that you have always done business with.
	www.shorelinegas.com /whatsnew.html (317 words)

	Lindsay: Mathot's Producer Gas
		Instead of burning coal or wood to make steam in an external combustion engine, the smart thing to do is to convert the fuel to gas and send it into a commercial internal combustion engine driving an alternator.
		Chapters include selection of an engine, installation, foundation and exhaust, water circulation, lubrication, perfect operation, how to start the engine, perturbations in the operation, producer gas engine, producer gas, pressure gas-producers, suction gas-producers, oil and volatile hydrocarbon engines, and selection of an engine.
		This is not only valuable material to the homesteader and survivalist, but especially to the guy who wants to run his auto on coal and wood.
	www.lindsaybks.com /bks4/mathot/index.html (448 words)

	Producer gas and engine oil
		As our engines are so derated on clean gas and can never be overloaded, overheating of the oil can only come from lack of cooling or combustion temperatures.
		It is caused by the gas temperature exceeding 500 degrees C and it reverts back into CO2 and soot.
		It is vital to quench the temperature before you pipe it or squeeze it through filters and cyclones etc. This was a problem of our early gasifiers which disappeared after we increased the gas outlet size to overcome the heat stress on the connection.
	www.fluidynenz.250x.com /_framed/250x/fluidynenz/oiltest.htm (686 words)

	Physical and chemical characterization of particles in producer gas
		Particles were isokinetically collected from producer gas from the two-stage gasifier and their concentration, geometries and chemical composition were characterized.
		Special attention was given to features suspected to harm IC engines fueled by the gas.
		The majority (85%) of the particle mass was identified as mono-sized spherical soot with diameters of 70nm.
	home.worldonline.dk /~claus_h/thesis/pts.html (186 words)

	Agenda - H2S Impact on Southwest Kansas Natural Gas Consumers
		Inventory of all gas gathering operators and producers to provide list of any residence, commercial, or irrigation well currently receiving natural gas from piping connected to gathering or production facilities.
		Producer data of wellhead pressure as of January 2005 for individual wells.
		S in gas stream to prevent safety hazards to piping and to health.
	www.kcc.state.ks.us /pipeline/agenda_030105.htm (628 words)

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