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Topic: Product differentiation

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	Product differentiation - a key concept in Economics and Management
		Vertical differentiation occurs in a market where the several goods that are present can be ordered according to their objective quality from the highest to the lowest.
		The ever growing product differentiation process due to new emergent firms/countries and the innovation efforts of incumbents has encountered in the last decades some form of brake due to the pressure of globalized, standardized homogeneous goods with a dominant design.
		High product differentiation with radically different proposals is typical of the early stage of an infant industry, until a dominant design will replace technically imperfect or simply unlucky models.
	www.economicswebinstitute.org /glossary/product.htm (1187 words)

	Product differentiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In marketing, product differentiation is the modification of a product to make it more attractive to the target market.
		A successful product differentiation strategy will move your product from competing based primarily on price to competing on non-price factors (such as product characteristics, distribution strategy, or promotional variables).
		The disadvantage of this repositioning is that it usually requires large advertising and production expenditures.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Product_differentiation (406 words)

	product differentiation - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about product differentiation
		Firms attempt to differentiate their product in order to gain customer loyalty and secure an advantage over their competitors.
		Product Development and Design Center of the Philippines
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /product+differentiation (88 words)

	ecofine - Differentiation strategy
		Product differenciation is a competitive business strategy whereby firms attempt to gain a competitive advantage by increasing the perceived value of their products and services relative to the perceived value of other firm's products and services.
		Product differentiating firms may be able to become leaders in this kind of industry (based on their reputation, on unique product attributes, or on some other product differentiation basis).
		The concept of product differentiation generally assumes that the number of firms that have been able to differentiate their products in a particular way is, at some point in time, less than the number of firms needed to generate perfect competition dynamics.
	www.ecofine.com /strategy/Differenciation%20stategy.htm (2367 words)

	Haarla: Product Differentiation: Does it Provide Competitive Advantage for a Printing Paper Company?, ISBN 951-22-6714-4
		Product differentiation has mainly been driven by eroded profits at a paper machine line; it is not an integrated part of a customer's strategy.
		Product differentiation used to be strongly manufacturer's technology pushed; presently it is both manufacturer's technology pushed and customer technology pushed.
		Product differentiation – as defined in this thesis – can provide competitive advantage for a printing paper company if it is based on the coordinated use of various knowledge, skills and capabilities within the firm.
	lib.hut.fi /Diss/2003/isbn9512267144 (905 words)

	AgBioForum 5(2): Product Differentiation Alternatives: Identity Preservation, Segregation, and Traceability
		The second product differentiation system, segregation, has frequently been applied incorrectly to the grading of different classes of grains and oilseeds in order to receive a higher price for the commodity than if it were allowed to be commingled.
		Production contracts are used by the private firms to ensure that all of the commodity being segregated is collected and that the producer retains no amount of seed.
		Products of IPPM systems will need to be labeled, because if the consumer has no means of identifying the value of the product, the consumer will not pay a premium to purchase it.
	www.agbioforum.org /v5n2/v5n2a01-smyth.htm (8227 words)

	Marketing, Product Differentiation, and Competition in the Market for Antiulcer Drugs - HBS Working Knowledge
		Economists have long been interested in how product differentiation affects market competition, says HBS assistant professor Charles King III, but have been hampered by the lack of adequate models to study the issue.
		Economists have long been interested in how product differentiation affects market competition and how product differentiation changes over time within markets, but economists have been hampered by the lack of adequate, tractable models in tackling these empirically difficult issues.
		Total marketing by all firms reduced the degree of product differentiation in the antiulcer drug market and dramatically raised the cost of entry to potential competitors.
	hbswk.hbs.edu /archive/1850.html (1004 words)

	Product Differentiation Through Space and Time: Some Antitrust Policy Issues
		The producer of a differentiated product often enjoys a localized monopoly and may be able to charge a higher price than it otherwise could.
		Until we develop better ways to implement the reasonable presumption that mergers generate some efficiencies in the differentiated products case, however, the enforcement agencies will continue to rely upon the safe harbors built into the Merger Guidelines to inform their exercise of prosecutorial discretion.
		As applied to firms distinguished primarily by differentiated products, however, the language employed in the Guidelines appears to apply the 35 percent safe harbor only when market shares are employed as a benchmark for measuring likely competitive effects (2.2), and not when other data is used to make that determination.
	www.ftc.gov /speeches/other/bakst.htm (5422 words)

	product differentiation - Web Links
		In a model of vertical product differentiation three distinct patterns of market shares emerge as an equilibrium outcome, reflecting three distinct strategies in respect of timing of entry into new generations.
		Keywords: heterogeneous firms, product differentiation, sunk costs, entry and exit JEL Classification: L11, D21, L60 The Centre for Economic Performance is financed by the Economic and Social...
		Product Differentiation A product very similar to other products on the market may require greater expenditure on advertising to differentiate it from its competitors.
	www.product-launch.co.uk /search.php?ass=1237&qry=product+differentiation (686 words)

	product differentiation
		identified two competencies that he felt were most important: product differentiation and product cost (efficiency).
		He originally ranked each of the three dimensions (level of differentiation, relative product cost, and scope of target market) as either...
		Market segmentation is narrow in scope while both cost leadership and differentiation are relatively broad in market scope.
	www.idrassociate.org /bn2pjl48-3.html (416 words)

	Marketing and sales information and articles
		Product differentiation is, essentially, simply the practice of highlighting and pointing out the differences of a product or a service from other products or services.
		The point of this product differentiation and highlighting of differences between your product or service and others is to show why your product or service is more desirable and more attractive than other product and services for a particular target market or niche.
		This means that you have to differentiate your products not only from your competitors' products, but also from your own products, so that consumers can see the differences between your own products or services and will be able to decide which product or service will be best for them.
	www.businessknowledgesource.com /marketing (2524 words)

	product differentiation
		FiscalReference.com search productivity Product (business) -- rank: 1000 FiscalReference.com search Product (business) Product (business) In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a...
		FiscalReference.com search Product differentiation Product differentiation Product differentiation in marketing, is the modification of a product,...
		FiscalReference.com search Product management Product management Product Management is one of the four areas of marketing.
	www.mcclproject.org /money/product+differentiation (421 words)

	Tea & Coffee 06/00 - Product Differentiation (cont.)
		This product, available in Kiwi Fruit, Raspberry, Mixed Fruit, Strawberry and Mango, can extend a smoothie line enormously as each of its five flavors can be blended with others as well as being blended with fresh fruits.
		The most important message in all of this is to create something which is comprehensive and integrated, product differentiation (refinement really) should add to what you are already saying as a retailer, not dilute it.
		Product differentiation then, is more about improving than it is about fixing-and if that is the problem, in today's competitive environment, it may already be too late.
	www.teaandcoffee.net /0600/cupservice2.htm (1078 words)

	Tip the Scales in Your Favor With Product Differentiation
		Differentiating a product separates you from your competitors so the market will see you as delivering unique benefits.
		It is sometimes possible to take advantage of the differences between products by changing the way the prospect views the importance of various features and benefits Â— and not change the product itself.
		Product differentiation can help you add weight to your features in "high-value" areas Â— and tip the scales in your favor.
	www.allen.com /cgi-bin/gt/tpl.h,content=21 (885 words)

	product differentiation - Web Links
		There may well be more questions than Product differentiation answers but, building a business, you owe it Next, you have to distinguish your product to satisfy a market niche, to yourself at least to ask the questions.
		Product differentiation is often slight and short lived as rival suppliers quickly produce similar products.
		Interestingly, despite the strong product feature and price focus of current broadband advertising, consumers' attitudes are also driven by emotional leanings, as opposed to specific product differentiation", Dyke explains.
	www.product-launch.co.uk /search.php?qry=product+differentiation&ass=1237&nres=35&details=1&fsonly=0&hl=0&nfs=10&ns=&alt=0&offset=35 (621 words)

	Decoupling Point and the Product Differentiation Point
		Product Differentiation Point The product differentiation point is the point where the firm’s product is configured and it takes on specific features.
		Product Postponement It is defined as the process of doing the final set of manufacture or customization closer on the supply chain to the end-user.
		This implies that any firm would ideally like to postpone the product differentiation point as further up the supply chain as possible, the objective being to keep the inventory in generic form for as long as possible.
	www.radessays.com /link.php?site=re&aff=r2c2&dest=viewpaper.php?request=9332 (220 words)

	Tea & Coffee 06/00 - The Coming Era of Product Differentiation
		Even the most ardent of product purists will avow that service is just as important as a great drink or a great pound of coffee.
		Different strategies exist for this and the one that is most accessible to the average chain or independent is that of extending the line of product offerings, and this is probably the most problematic.
		Other strategies for product differentiation include offering Exclusives, prominently offering products with their own brand identity, and arranging for privately labeled products.
	www.teaandcoffee.net /0600/cupservice.htm (887 words)

	< product differentiation for the entrepreneurs - ebizmatchmaker.com > (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		must be planning a product for a dynamic, large and...
		Sustainable differentiation: How is your product or service differentiated from competitors.
		Differentiation and agglomeration in the Manhattan hotel industry, 1898...
	www.ebizmatchmaker.com /23/product-differentiation-for-the-entrepreneurs.html (367 words)

	Serebella Contents Producer price index---Product differentiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It uses material from the Wiktionary page "Differentiation".
		a consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances; "skill is the product of hours of practice"; "his reaction was the product of hunger and fatigue"
		a quantity obtained by multiplication; "the product of 2 and 3 is 6" [ syn: mathematical product]
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/contains-351445-351492-Producer_price_index-Product_differentiation.html (388 words)

	Product Differentiation and Assessment
		An exciting way to differentiate curriculum for learners is to provide a variety of product opportunities — visual, verbal, kinesthetic, as well as technological — for them to experience.
		Clearly stating product expectations before student work is done is a critical part of any program that successfully differentiates through product choices.
		Subsequently, the role of such product criteria in the development of rubrics is the next logical step in an effective assessment system.
	www.piecesoflearning.com /consult/dodie_merritt_product_differentiation.html (96 words)

	Marketing Guide And Advice. The Guaranteed System Of Marketing Gurus! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In marketing, product differentiation is the modification of a product, usually in minor...
		Economists have long been interested in how product differentiation affects market competition, says HBS assistant professor Charles King III, but have been hampered by the lack of adequate models...
		In marketing, product differentiation is the modification of a product, usually in minor ways, to make it...
	www.marketingadvices.com /traffich/differentiation-marketing-product.htm (426 words)

	Product Differentiation and the Location of International Production
		When product specifications are determined endogenously, we show that there is no symmetric solution to the product specification subgame.
		Overseas production is favored if this allows the investing firm to adopt a more aggressive product specification.
		Our analysis suggests an ambiguous relationship among location, product differentiation, and cost and demand functions, confirmed by the existence of a parameter range for which there is no pure strategy equilibrium in location choice.
	ideas.repec.org /a/bla/jemstr/v13y2004i1p151-170.html (396 words)

	The Economic Theory of Product Differentiation - Cambridge University Press
		In the first four chapters they consider models that try to predict the level of product differentiation that would emerge in situations of market equilibrium.
		These market equilibria with differentiated products are characterised and then compared with social welfare optima.
		Particular attention is paid to the distinction between horizontal and vertical differentiation as well as to the related issues of product quality and durability.
	uk.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521335523 (221 words)

	West .:. Financial Information .:. West Corporation Receives Frost & Sullivan Award for Product Differentiation ...
		This Award is presented to the company that has best demonstrated the ability to develop and/or advance products or services with more innovative capabilities than competing vendors and products.
		Such innovation is expected to significantly contribute to the industry in terms of product performance degree/rate of technical change.
		The Frost and Sullivan Product Differentiation Innovation Award is bestowed upon a company that has carried out new research, which has resulted in innovations that have or are expected to bring significant contributions to the industry in terms of adoption, change, and competitive posture.
	investor.shareholder.com /west/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=201152 (843 words)

	Marketing, Product Differentiation, and Competition in the Market for Antiulcer Drugs : HBS Working Knowledge
		Economists have long been interested in how product differentiation affects market competition and how product differentiation changes over time within markets, but economists have been hampered by the lack of adequate, tractable models in tackling these empirically difficult issues.
		Total marketing by all firms reduced the degree of product differentiation in the antiulcer drug market and dramatically raised the cost of entry to potential competitors.
		Over the sample period, the role of marketing shifted from market expansion to business stealing (brand switching) as marketing became less effective in attracting new customers and more important as a means of capturing customers from rival firms.
	www.hbsworkingknowledge.hbs.edu /item.jhtml?id=1850&t=marketing (961 words)

	Product differentiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In marketing, product differentiation is the modification ofa product, usually in minor ways, to make it moreattractive to the target market and to differentiate it from competitors'products.
		If your target market sees your product as different from the competition's, you will have more flexibilityin developing your marketing mix.
		A successful product differentiationstrategy will move your product from competing based primarily on price to competing onnon-price factors (such as product characteristics, distribution strategy, or promotional variables).The disadvantage of this repositioning of your product to a more distinct and uncluttered position in your customers' mind, isthat it usually requires large advertising and production expenditures.
	www.therfcc.org /product-differentiation-994.html (174 words)

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