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Productivity (economics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Unlike labor productivity, the calculation of both capital productivity and total factor productivity is dependent on a number of doubtful assumptions and is subject to the Cambridge critique. It is not the same as the marginal product of labor, which refers to the increase in output that results from a corresponding increase in labor input. In Karl Marx's labour theory of value, the concept of capital productivity is rejected as an instance of reification, and replaced with the concepts of the organic composition of capital and the value product of labor. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Productivity_(economics)   (1038 words)

Productivity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Productivity (economics), the amount of output created produced per unit input used. Productivity (linguistics), the degree to which a grammatical process can be extended to new cases. Productivity (corporate finance), the current year's sales to expense ratio over the previous year's sales to expense ratio. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Productivity   (126 words)

Productivity, by Sylvia Nasar: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty Increases in labor productivity can reflect the fact that each worker is better equipped with capital—a supermarket clerk who has an automatic scanner instead of an old-fashioned cash register—or, alternatively, gains in total factor productivity. Second, although U.S. productivity is still the highest in the world by a wide margin—$45,918 of GNP per worker in 1990, 25 percent ahead of Japan and 35 percent ahead of Germany—its productivity growth trailed that of other nations in most years since World War II. Some economists think the spurt of productivity growth after World War II was due to the backlog of ideas and technology and investment projects that were put on hold during the depression and World War II. www.econlib.org /library/Enc/Productivity.html   (2024 words)

AllRefer.com - productivity (Economics: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia A high national productivity typically indicates efficient production of goods and services and a competitive economy, but productivity growth can occur during periods of recession and increased unemployment as businesses cut jobs and seek to become more efficient. Productivity in the United States rose an average of 2.5% each year in the 1950s and 60s, then only 1% per year during the 1970s and 80s. During the 1990s annual productivity increases ranged from 3.2% to 4.2%, but during much of the decade these increases were matched or surpassed by those in many European countries and Japan. reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/productiv.html   (272 words)

productivity - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about productivity   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) In economics, the output produced by a given quantity of labour, usually measured as output per person employed in the firm, industry, sector, or economy concerned. Productivity is determined by the quality and quantity of the fixed capital used by labour, and the effort of the workers concerned. It is important to distinguish between the rate of growth of productivity and the level of productivity, since at lower levels of productivity, higher rates of productivity growth may be achieved. encyclopedia.farlex.com /productivity   (242 words)

Productivity: a key concept in Economics Economic productivity is the value of output obtained with one unit of input. Average economic productivity is computed by dividing output value and (time/physical) units of input. Economic productivity usually shows a pro-cyclical behaviour, while at the same time it is necessary to distinguish smaller sub-phases and wider multiplicity of paths than in the case of other variables. www.economicswebinstitute.org /glossary/prdctvt.htm   (939 words)

TCS Daily - How Powerful Is Productivity? Productivity of a country in total -- the average productivity -- is the average productivity of every single worker. So the consumer chooses the more productive format because the prices there are lower and so eventually the less productive format goes out of business and those people or their children end up working elsewhere and a lot of them probably end up working at Wal-Mart. The problem that we found was that basically the most productive multinationals in some industries were not going into these countries in the way that we expect them to; or they were not expanding in these countries nearly as fast as we thought they had the opportunity to do. www.tcsdaily.com /article.aspx?id=061705A   (6803 words)

The Neoclassical Theory of Distribution Economic earnings and rental earnings are noted in Figure 1 by the areas E (for economic earnings) and R (for rental earnings). As such, loose critics have gone on to "prove" that the marginal productivity theory is contradictory because it claims that factor prices are determined by marginal products and yet the theory of production tells us quite the opposite, namely that the amount of factors employed (and thus their marginal products) depend on factor prices. In this case, it may be impossible to measure the marginal product of a factor type (one can visualize this by attempting to determine the slope of the Leontief isoquant at the corner). cepa.newschool.edu /het/essays/margrev/distrib.htm   (9860 words)

Economics Unbound - BusinessWeek Online Productivity growth in the nonfarm business sector has averaged 2.9% annually since 1995, compared to roughly 1.6% over the previous ten years. I don't do as much environmental economics as I should, but I was really horrified by the February 17 mudslide in the Philippines which killed as many as 1800 people. Economics and ecological disasters in the Philippines (10) www.businessweek.com /the_thread/economicsunbound   (3631 words)

Document Server@UHasselt: Item 1942/866 A bibliography in economics consisting of 4130 articles from 744 journals i s examined to study the scattering of articles in various journals. It has been observed that the empirical distribution of articles is reverse-J shape with a long tail and distribution is highly positively skewed. This study suggest that the negative binomial distribution does not fit the empirical distribution of articles in economics. hdl.handle.net /1942/866   (194 words)

Computers don't aid productivity. It is often hard to see where the nation gets productivity improvements out of the billions of dollars spent annually on upgrading the telephone network, and we certainly seem likely to get little from the $8 billion spent on coaxial cable. We all feel that computers and communications systems *must* be increasing productivity in some way; their proposition seems to fly in the face of common sense. Even closer to the economic model, personal productivity is not always related to company productivity, and neither of these directly relate to national productivity. www.abc.net.au /http/sfist/econ.htm   (1465 words)

Glossary: Production / Productivity (in economics) Production is the process of creating, growing, manufacturing, or improving goods and services. productivity is used to measure the efficiency or rate of production. productivity is a measure of the efficiency with which a biological system converts energy into growth. www.greenfacts.org /glossary/pqrs/production-productivity.htm   (79 words)

EconLog, European Productivity, Arnold Kling: Library of Economics and Liberty The ability of these countries to surpass U.S. productivity in 2002 suggests that their comprehensive welfare and collective-bargaining systems have not stymied income growth or improvements in economic efficiency relative to the more free-market-oriented U.S. Actually, it suggests no such thing. The economic structure of a democracy is not imposed by malevolent outsiders. Of course, from the employee's POV, the most important issue between economic depressions is getting the seemingly recalcitrant employer to, "Show me the money." when he is far more productive than "the coin", and the executives are raking in huge cash and option while seeming to fail to "materialize the coin", themselves. econlog.econlib.org /archives/2004/08/european_produc.html   (2165 words)

The economics of soil productivity in sub-Saharan Africa   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) After examining the status of soil productivity and the contribution of conventional economic analyses approaches to address key issues, it considers more innovative approaches that enable economics to play a greater role in the planning and evaluation of soil productivity enhancing measures at farm, national and global level. While assessing farm-level and national financial incentives should be a key focus, economic analysis at the national level can further understanding of the problem, raise awareness among decision-makers, and aid in monitoring changes in welfare as the situation either improves or deteriorates. Moreover, economics can assist with the development of sustainability indicators at the farm, village and national levels and it has an important contribution to make through green accounting. www.eldis.org /static/DOC8832.htm   (287 words)

Productivity Program The Productivity Program has been a major exception to this general organizational structure, having instead as its research focus topics that frequently cross traditional areas and fields of economics. Over the years, the Productivity Program has interacted with other NBER programs, and in fact a substantial portion of the Productivity Program academic affiliates currently are associated with one or more other NBER programs as well. The goal of this program is to foster deeper understanding of the sources of productivity growth in the U.S. economy, via the combined application of traditional theoretical and empirical research techniques along with field research and direct observation by economists of the business world. www.nber.org /programs/p/p.html   (3674 words)

Steady-State Economics, by Herman Daly Young ecosystems (and cowboy economies) tend to maximize production efficiency, that is, the ratio of annual flow of biomass produced to the preexisting biomass stock that produced it. He calculates what has happened to the productivities of a number of particular resources between 1950 and 1970 and finds that some (iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, bituminous coal) have increased, while the productivities of others (nickel, petroleum) have remained the same and those of still others (aluminum, natural gas, electric power, columbium) have fallen. The idea of economic growth overcoming physical limits by angelizing GNP is equivalent to overcoming physical limits to population growth by reducing the through put intensity or metabolism of human beings. dieoff.org /page88.htm   (9632 words)

ArgMax Economics Weblog: Productivity As you can see, productivity growth was strong just after WWII and remained relatively strong until the early 70's when it began to dip. The productivity data for the US can be found at the Quarterly Labor Productivity Home Page from the Department of Labor. When all is said and done, productivity growth is perhaps the most important gauge of the performance of the economy. www.argmax.com /mt_blog/archive/000227.php   (477 words)

Brad DeLong's Semi-Daily Journal: Good Productivity News... Economist's View: U.S. productivity was higher than expected in the third quarter at 4.1%... I'm beginning to believe productivity is a fudge factor they plug in at the end to try to make their sums work out. Productivity is up because of the increase in the cost of the underlying good or service is undercounted. delong.typepad.com /sdj/2005/11/good_productivi.html   (716 words)

EconLog, Productivity Trend, Arnold Kling: Library of Economics and Liberty Whatever the explanation for the productivity gains of the last decade, the above graph displays every indication that this welcome development is continuing. Most recently, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported productivity gains at a 3.2% annual rate for the first quarter and 2.2% annual rate for the second quarter of 2005. The productivity figures do get some mention in the press, but I suspect that the immediate "downside," i.e., slower job growth in the short-term, is a much more salient story to many. econlog.econlib.org /archives/2005/08/productivity_tr.html   (537 words)

University of Chicago: Department of Economics Recent Research: Investment in human capital; population change and economic growth; influence of social forces on the economy; the economics of the family; economics and politics. Recent Research: Long term factors in American economic growth with special emphasis on the use of intergenerational data sets to establish the relationship between the past and current behavior of households; economics of mortality in North America; long-term changes in nutrition, labor welfare, and labor productivity; economics and biodemography of aging; economic growth in China. Professor in Economics and the College and Chairman of the Department of Economics (at Chicago 1991-1998 and since 2001). economics.uchicago.edu /faculty.shtml   (1487 words)

BW Online | May 24, 2004 | U.S. Factories: Falling Behind Since aluminum was first refined in 1886, metallurgists have slashed the amount of electricity needed to turn bauxite into the lightweight metal, yet "the process is basically the same today as they developed in the late 1800s," says Richard B. Evans, executive vice-president of Alcan Inc. (AL), the world's No. 2 producer. The sector's share of gross domestic product slipped to 13.9% in 2002, from 16.6% in 1997 and 18.7% in 1987. In a world where productivity and investment are key, many of the country's oldest factories just can't measure up. www.businessweek.com /magazine/content/04_21/b3884128_mz057.htm   (1845 words)

Economic Growth and Productivity:Department   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) This involves the assessment of output and productivity growth trends and the analysis of the effects on these trends of changes in institutional and policy settings. OECD governments have been more effective at bringing in reforms to raise labour productivity than at helping increase the number of people in work, according to a progress report on action taken over the past year to enhance economic growth in each of the 30 member countries. This is the first comprehensive guide to the various productivity measures and addresses statisticians, researchers and analysts who are involved in constructing industry-level productivity indicators. www.oecd.org /department/0,2688,en_2649_34325_1_1_1_1_1,00.html   (1068 words)

NCPA Economics Issues - Wages And Productivity   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) Until recently, it looked like the rate of productivity growth had increased during the 1990s -- while wages were languishing. But new statistics released last week by the Labor Department show productivity growth has not accelerated so far this decade. Since 1979, productivity has grown at a meager 1.1 percent average annual rate -- far below the 2 percent and 3 percent growth rates of the 1950s-60s. www.ncpa.org /pd/economy/ecoa6b.html   (211 words)

The page cannot be found   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20) HTTP Error 404 - File or directory not found. Go to Microsoft Product Support Services and perform a title search for the words HTTP and 404. Open IIS Help, which is accessible in IIS Manager (inetmgr), and search for topics titled Web Site Setup, Common Administrative Tasks, and About Custom Error Messages. www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/productivity_(economics).htm   (121 words)

Working Paper - Measuring productivity of research in economics (by Kocher, Martin G.; Luptacik, Mikulas; Sutter, ... DEA is a tool for evaluating relative efficiency and is widely used when there are multiple inputs and outputs and one lacks a specific functional form of a production function. The publications in 10 economics journals with the highest average impact factor over the time period 1980-1998 are taken as research output. Inputs are measured by R&D expenditures, number of universities with economics departments and (as uncontrolled variable) total population. epub.wu-wien.ac.at /dyn/dl/wp/epub-wu-01_14c   (249 words)

Productivity Commission - Home Page We conduct public inquiries and research into a broad range of economic and social issues affecting the welfare of Australians, including: competition policy, productivity, the environment, economic infrastructure, labour markets, trade and assistance, structural adjustment and microeconomic reform. The Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Productivity Commission held a one-day conference, Productivity Perspectives 2006, in Canberra on 23 March 2006. More news.....including Forthcoming Releases and latest developments in the standards and accreditation, waste generation, heritage, rural water use and economic impacts of migration and population growth projects. www.pc.gov.au   (216 words)

Chance News 13.06 ONS is responsible for producing a wide range of key economic and social statistics which are used by policy makers across government to create evidence-based policies and monitor performance against them. Productivity growth is probably the single most important indicator of an economy's health. One virtue of multi-factor productivity over labour productivity is that comparisons between countries may be less distorted by national differences in the way real output is measured. www.dartmouth.edu /~chance/chance_news/current_news/current.html   (7578 words)

ArgMax Economics Weblog: Productivity growth high Some good economic news: productivity growth for 2002q3 was 5.1 percent. The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor today reported revised productivity data--as measured by output per hour of all persons--for the third quarter of 2002. In both sectors, upward revisions to productivity were primarily due to increases in output larger than originally reported. www.argmax.com /mt_blog/archive/000207.php   (210 words)

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