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Topic: Progressive aspect

	Onestopenglish \| Grammar reference: Verbs and tenses
		Aspect reflects the way in which the action of a verb is viewed with respect to time, answering questions such as: ‘Is the event or state completed or still in progress?’.
		The progressive aspect describes events or states which are in progress or continuing, whereas the perfect aspect usually describes events or states which occur or begin during a previous period of time.
		Note that since the continuous aspect focuses on situations in progress, and there is no concept of progression in verbs which describe states, the present perfect continuous cannot be used with stative senses of verbs, and the present perfect is used instead.
	www.onestopenglish.com /section.asp?catid=59614&docid=152812 (1317 words)

	Continuous and progressive aspects - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In general, the progressive aspect expresses the dynamic quality of actions that are in progress while the continuous aspect expresses the state of the subject that is continuing the action.
		Some linguists consider the progressive aspect to be a kind of continuous aspect, one that merely emphasizes the action already conveyed by the continuous.
		The continuous aspect is expressed with a regularly conjugated form of to be, together with the present participle of the main verb.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Progressive_tense (1522 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Imperfective aspect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The imperfective aspect, sometimes known as the continuous or progressive aspect, is a grammatical aspect.
		The "progressive tenses", which denote tense with the continuous and progressive aspects, are often used to render the imperfective when it describes an ongoing action ("The rain was beating down"), and past habitual actions are often rendered using "used to" + verb.
		The imperfective aspect is the aspectual component of tenses in various languages, such as Greek, Latin and the Romance languages, known as the imperfect tense.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Imperfective-aspect (370 words)

	Grammatical aspect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aspect is a somewhat difficult concept to grasp for the speakers of most modern Indo-European languages, because they tend to conflate the concept of aspect with the concept of tense.
		Aspect in Slavic is a superior category in relation to tense or mood.
		The aspect is indicated by the case of the object: accusative is telic and partitive is atelic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Grammatical_aspect (3619 words)

	Latin tutorial: Verbal Aspect
		Aspects are not exclusive; therefore it is possible to have a "perfect progressive" aspect, or other combinations with other aspects.
		The progressive aspect states that an action is continual in sense: the beginning and end of the action are blurred rather than definite.
		In the present tense, Latin has no verb form for the progressive aspect, so it uses the simple present for both, and context must be used to distinguish between the two.
	www.freewebs.com /gjcl/tutorial/aspect.htm (544 words)

	The English Progressive Verb
		The progressive was even rare in ME. Pyles and Algeo claim it was rare before the fifteenth century (205), while Baugh and Cable claim it was rare even before the sixteenth century, and maintain that the ME progressive developed somewhat separately from OE incidences (287).
		The passive progressive, as in “It was being done”, is not attested until 1754, and not with frequency until the end of the eighteenth century (Denison “Syntax” 150, Pyles and Algeo 205).
		Despite the widespread grammaticalization of the progressive verbs by the twentieth century, there have been regional variations on the use of progressive that have survived, and some that are even in a state of growth.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/6362-lamont.htm (5784 words)

	Progressive - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Progressive country, subgenre of country music started in the late 60s which preceded and led to Outlaw country
		Progressive tax, tax imposed so that the tax rate increases as the amount to which the rate is applied increases
		Progressive aspect, grammatical aspect that expresses incomplete action in progress at a specific time
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Progressive (429 words)

	LILT:Aspect
		The three aspects in English combine with the verb tenses to give a range of meanings to the English verb.
		’) aspect is formed using the auxiliary ‘be’ and the present participle.
		When used with the present tense, progressive aspect expresses the idea that the action is taking place right now: ‘We are playing squash’.
	www.arts.gla.ac.uk /SESLL/EngLang/LILT/aspect.htm (308 words)

	Aspect in Mandarin Chinese: A corpus-based study
		At the semantic level a two-level model of situation aspect is proposed, which covers both the lexical and sentential levels, thus giving a better account of the compositional nature of situation aspect.
		It is the first detailed account in English of aspect in Chinese; it is based on a balanced corpus; it recognizes variation among different text types (unlike most existing work on aspect); it develops and applies a revised version of Carlota Smith’s two-level model of aspect.
		Of particular importance is the distinction between viewpoint aspect (which is essentially grammatical) and situation aspect (which is essentially semantic, to be analysed at lexical or sentential level).
	bowland-files.lancs.ac.uk /corplang/aspect/default.htm (600 words)

	[No title]
		Aspect relates to considerations such as the completion or lack of completion of events or states described by a verb.
		Aspect answers the question: “Is the even/ state described by the verb completed or is it continuing?” There are two aspects in English: perfect and progressive (continuous).
		The simple aspect indicates one or both of the following: that the action or series of actions is complete that the situation is permanent or is regarded as permanent We can use both dynamic and stative verbs in the simple aspect.
	www.ffl.msu.ru /staff/popova/aspects_2005_page.doc (450 words)

	Clausal backgrounding and pronominal reference:
		The researches concluded that the progressive aspect does serve a backgrounding function, and therefore further research on pronominal reference was warranted.
		The researchers were curious as to why the sentences in experiment I were rated as being permitted, and thought it was perhaps due to the lack of an explicitly mentioned second entity.
		Coreference was allowed more often in the progressive aspect condition than in the simple past tense condition for both the repeated name and new name conditions (although the effect was larger in the repeated name condition).
	comp.uark.edu /~whlevine/harris_bates.html (893 words)

	progressive aspect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In English the progressive aspect is realized by the grammatical auxiliary be followed by an-ing participle.
		The progressive aspect usually does not occur with stative verbs, as these verbs denote permanent situations (which does not fit with the meaning of limited duration).
		When the progressive aspect combines with the perfective aspect, the meaning is that an activity stretched from the past up to a specified point of time (or possibly even beyond that).
	www.novalearn.com /grammar-glossary/progressive-aspect.htm (191 words)

	The meaning of tense and aspect
		The progressive aspect used with a stative verb often signifies a temporary state: You're being foolish.
		Dynamic verbs used in the progressive aspect typically signify ongoing activity.
		Statistically, verb phrases marked for aspect are in the minority (only 10% of all the verbs in the corpus used for the Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English); in the same corpus perfect(ive) aspect was slightly more common than the progressive aspect.
	www.helsinki.fi /~mpalande/meaning_of_tense_and_aspect.html (757 words)

	Present Progressive
		While aspect is seen as being a matter of the speaker’s perspective or viewpoint on a situation, and is, hence, subjective, aktionsart is considered to be objective.
		Rather than seeing the progressive as being related to duration, repetition, incompletion, or action in progress, Jespersen (1931) explains it as “progressive of the frame.” Jespersen sees the progressive in a sentence such as “She was dancing” as being the “frame” for another situation.
		If the present progressive were used by a Spanish speaker in such a case, it would, again, have the effect of emphasizing that the speaker is involved in the activity as this moment.
	www.eslweb.org /present_progressive.htm (7980 words)

	Auxiliary Verbs
		Aspect in ámman îar is expressed by formative infixes on the auxiliary verb.
		The Definite Aspect is the unmarked form and refers to verbal action taking place within a period or at a point in time.
		The Present Progressive (-iras) form is used to indicate that the action of the verb is continuing in the present.
	www.graywizard.net /Conlinguistics/amman_iar/ai_auxiliary_verb.htm (1672 words)

	John Benjamins:
		Grammaticalisation of the progressive aspect and passive voice in English began in the Old English period; yet, the spread of the new patterns to all syntactic environments took several centuries.
		A fairly recent phenomenon is the co-occurrence of the progressive aspect and the be-passive.
		Corpus data show that (a) the passival was not ousted by the progressive passive and that (b) this case-study of layering is a case of stable rather than transitional layering in which the older pattern (the passival) has clearly become the marked pattern.
	www.benjamins.com /cgi-bin/t_articles.cgi?bookid=SCL%2013&artid=760045782 (173 words)

	[No title]
		Progressive verb forms—stress an ongoing action; time referred to may be past, present, future 1.
		present (tense) progressive (aspect)—expresses an ongoing action or state in the present time, or, as is true of the simple present tense, either a habitual or future action A dog is barking next door (present time) Ed is leaving the country tomorrow.
		Perfect progressive verb forms—when both have + -en and be + -ing occur in the MVP: combines the emphasis of the perfect on the beginning or ending of an event with the expression of the progressive on its ongoing nature.
	pages.towson.edu /ccain/docs/612_ch.4.doc (1538 words)

	Nancy Chang -- Research -- Aspect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Aspect refers to the ways in which the internal shape of an event affects both acceptability and interpretation of the linguistic devices used to describe it.
		Aspect has a pervasive effect on interpretation or construal; semantic phenomena that interact with aspect in the interpretation of even the simplest sentence include:
		The token in the node marked ongoing corresponds to the progressive aspect of the sentence (i.e., the event is in progress).
	www.icsi.berkeley.edu /~nchang/research/aspect.html (324 words)

	progressive
		characterized by such progress, or by continuous improvement.
		noting a verb aspect or other verb category that indicates action or state going on at a temporal point of reference.
		a person who is progressive or who favors progress or reform, esp. in political matters.
	www.infoplease.com /dictionary/progressive (169 words)

	Academic Center: English as a Foreign Language Resources
		Aspect refers to the state of action of a verb.
		The progressive tenses are used to indicate an unfinished action.
		The perfect progressive tenses describe an action that was in progress but was then finished.
	www.uhv.edu /ac/efl/verbstenses.asp (690 words)

	Project on the Bibliography of
		"On Localistic Interpretation of the Progressive Aspect in Korean." [In Korean.] Ohak Yonku 16.41-55.
		1991."The Progressive and the Imperfective Paradox." Synthese 87.401-47.
		A Formal Semantics of Tense, Aspect and Aktionsarten.
	www.scar.utoronto.ca /~binnick/TENSE/progressiveAspect.htm (6047 words)

	yourDictionary Agora - Print Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		By aspect, I mean some way of indicating whether the action is finished, continuous, ended, or otherwise timed.
		English has simple, progressive, and perfect aspects, the last two marked with "be + -ing" and auxiliary "have" respectively.
		The "from then/now on" would not be a progressive aspect; there's nothing in progressive that conveys inception at some precise point in time.
	www.yourdictionary.com /cgi-bin/agora/agora.cgi?board=omni;action=print;num=1043471159 (193 words)

	Buber's Basque Page: Tense and Aspect in Basque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Thus, the formal opposition between verbal noun and participle distinguishes imperfective and perfective aspect in the past, whereas in the present tense it is used for distinguishing simple present and perfect.
		The evolution of the analytical present is comparable to what happens in quite a number of languages:15 In order to denote progressive aspect, the verbal noun is used in a locative case (here the inessive) together with a verb meaning 'to be', i.e.
		There are less grammaticized ways of expressing progressive and habitual aspectuality, using the operator verbs ari ('to be occupied with') and ohi ('to be used to').
	www.buber.net /Basque/Euskara/tense.html (3227 words)

	[No title]
		Section 2.1 explores the translation of the progressive; sections 2.2 and 2.3 are concerned with the perfect and the perfect progressive; section 2.4 discusses the simple aspect.
		Similarly, when the progressive form in the English source text expresses an anticipated happening, the progressive zai is not used in the Chinese translation, as shown in (3b).
		While the LVM forms are dominant in all of the four categories, aspect markers are more frequent in translations of the perfect of result and the perfect of experience than the latter two categories.
	www.lancs.ac.uk /postgrad/xiaoz/papers/lic_paper.doc (1796 words)

	Exploring Language: Bringing It Together: Phrases [English Online]
		The progressive aspect refers to the verb BE with the present participle (the -ing form).
		In sentence (b), the verb "walk" is not in the progressive.
		The progressive aspect is not the same thing as a tense.
	english.unitecnology.ac.nz /resources/resources/exp_lang/phrases.html (1638 words)

	John Benjamins: Book details for The Semantics of Aspect and Modality [SLCS 34]
		“The semantics of aspect and modality” will be of interest both to linguists working on temporality, as a general phenomenon in language, and Hebraists investigating the semantics of the verbal forms in biblical Hebrew.
		Tense, aspect and modality are among the most challenging discussed areas of language.
		The biblical Hebrew part of the book will be of interest mainly to Hebraists, but linguists dealing with temporality in general may find it useful as an interesting illustration for a tenseless exotic language.
	www.benjamins.com /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=SLCS%2034 (242 words)

	PROGRESSIVEWORLD.NET: REVIEWS BY STEPHANIE SOLLOW
		One aspect, and perhaps the most important aspect, of progressive music is that it progresses.
		Whether in a universal sense that the artist making the music is pushing the boundaries of what is defined as music (and here can be experimental or just simply bringing textures and element not heard in a particular context) or whether we mean that an artist is growing, maturing, refining.
		Of course, that we have to draw comparisons, might cause some to view this as not progressive at all, because it doesn't fall into the first category.
	www.progressiveworld.net /sonicpulsar3.html (1209 words)

	The Bound Morpheme ÑingÉ is a Marker that identifies Ñto beÉ as an Progressive Aspect Auxiliary and NOT a Verb. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Bound Morpheme ÑingÉ is a Marker that identifies Ñto beÉ as an Progressive Aspect Auxiliary and NOT a Verb.
		This bound morpheme is a Marker, which identifies "am" as as the Progressive Aspect auxiliary.
		There is also a Perfect Aspect--the auxiliary word "to have." In the example, "I have jumped," the "ed" is the marker that identifies "have" as the Perfect Aspect Auxiliary and not a verb.
	www.csun.edu /~vcoao0el/de361/de361s61_folder/tsld036.htm (179 words)

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