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Topic: Progressive taxation

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Progressive tax

Regressive tax

Flat tax

Bracket creep

Income elasticity of demand

Third party (United States)

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	Taxation and Redistribution
		Generally speaking and in terms of the progressive character of the two tax systems as a whole, it would seem that the contribution made by progression in the two countries is between 2.5 and 8.5 per cent of total revenue, or between 0.5 and 2 per cent of gross national income.
		progressive throughout and that, through redistributive expenditure on subsidies and services, the income of the very lowest classes has been increased (so far as these things can be meaningfully measured: what can be shown is always only the cost and not the value of the services rendered) by as much as 22 per cent.
		Even if progressive taxation does not name the individuals to be taxed at a higher rate, it discriminates by introducing a distinction which alms at shifting the burden from those who determine the rates onto others.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~grjan/hayektaxation.html (5731 words)

	Regressive, Progressive taxes/taxation explained.
		Progressive & Regressive taxes describe the tax table, not a political opinion.
		Progressive taxes soak the rich, regressive taxes soak the poor.
		One of the main functions of taxation is to balance the flow of money between the employer and the employee.
	www.psnw.com /~bashford/taxation.html (1586 words)

	Progressivism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One example of progressive reform was the rise of the city manager system, in which paid, professional administrators ran the day-to-day affairs of city governments under guidelines established by elected city councils.
		The progressive school, as a unique branch of contemporary political thought, tends to advocate certain center-left or left-wing views that may conflict with mainstream liberal views, despite the fact that modern liberalism and progressivism may still both support many of the same policies (such as the concept of war as a general last resort).
		Progressives are in agreement on an international scale with liberalism in that they support organized labor and trade unions, they usually wish to introduce a living wage, and they often support the creation of a universal health care system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Progressivism (3706 words)

	PROGRESSIVE TAXATION AND HAPPINESS
		Indeed, some early critics of progressive taxation argued that it was impossible to determine that an additional dollar was worth more to a [*PG1367]poor person than to a rich person.
		If taxation discourages it, some good is done, and if not, no harm; for in so far as taxes are levied on things which are desired and possessed from motives of this description, nobody is the worse for them.
		The strongest traditional justification for progressive taxation is that income has declining marginal utility, and therefore, redistribution from the rich to the poor can increase total welfare in a society.
	www.bc.edu /schools/law/lawreviews/meta-elements/journals/bclawr/45_5/12_TXT.htm (8364 words)

	NewsLink, Summer 2003, BOOK REVIEW, Progressive Taxation as 'good manners'? Tax Equity: The Ongoing Debate from the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Taxation of individuals “ought to contribute to the support of government, as nearly as possible, according to their respective abilities [ability to pay], that is in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state [benefit taxation].
		In the middle of this contradiction, Americans tend to realize that the case for progressive taxation is indeed a very uneasy one.
		It is easy to dismiss the imperfections of vertical equity and progressive taxation as mere utilitarian sentiments which, if unchecked, mark the beginning of the end of individual liberty in the United States.
	www.beaconhill.org /NewsLink/NLV74/v7n4BookReviewTaxJustice.html (1338 words)

	TAXATION
		Account has to be taken of the move to independent taxation of husbands and wives in 1990 (see Atkinson, 2004), but the share of the top 1% rose by 3 percentage points between 1978 and 1989 and by a further 3 percentage points between 1990 and 2000.
		For some people it is self-evident that progressive income taxation was responsible for the decline in top income shares over the first three-quarters of the last century, and that the subsequent reversal was due to the tax cuts at the top of the scale.
		The impact of taxation in this model is via past accumulation, and we have therefore a possible explanation for Figure 5, which related the lagged average of tax rates to the share of the top 1%.
	www.nuff.ox.ac.uk /users/atkinson/TAXATION.htm (7618 words)

	Tax Reform and Taxpayers’ Rights
		Forty-four states impose broad-based income taxes, and the income tax rates are progressive in all but six of those states.
		This ensures that taxpayers are not unduly burdened with increased taxes when their income increases by indexing the tax rates with the rate of inflation.
		The rate of taxation may not be increased except when a two-thirds supermajority of the legislature vote to increase the rate.
	www.alec.org /2/tax-fiscal-policy/talking-points/2.html (618 words)

	Talk:Taxation - Pete Ashdown Campaign Collaboration Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		With flat, the taxation moves to the head of the income streams, so instead of 300 million people or 300 bajillion products, its roughly 10 million businesses that are responsible for sending in checks.
		Progressive vs. flat, except what we have now is not progressive, at best it has been demonstrated that the rich pay the same percentage as the lower and the middle class.
		That way the government has two numbers to play with when considering their taxation policy (deduction amount and tax rate), which means we don't entirely lose control of the effects of tax policy.
	peteashdown.org /wiki/index.php/Talk:Taxation (2826 words)

	lolife: Progressive Taxation
		A progressive tax is when I pay 1% of my income and you, because you make more money, pay 2% of your income.
		Neither is progressive taxation an incentive to be poor.
		Progressive taxation should not be an incentive for government to be wasteful or to grow beyond our collective ideas of our needs and goals.
	www.lolife.com /blog/archives/000031.html (2746 words)

	Proportional vs Progressive Taxation
		Putting progressively higher tax rates on higher income might even be considered an admirable attempt at limiting income and wealth to some reasonable amount.
		The progressivity of tax rates flattens out rather quickly when looking at graphs of actual taxes paid as a percent of adjusted gross income verses that income.
		A progressively increasing income tax rate in an overly complex tax system may not be the best way to alleviate that situation.
	www.proaxis.com /~randau2/taxes/proport.htm (1584 words)

	Weblog Entry - 12/07/2005: "Progressive Taxation Increases Growth"
		Democrats, however, believe in progressive taxation where the poor pay less and the rich pay more.
		Democrats say, and I will show, that progressive taxation is the way to economic growth.
		Progressive taxation, unlike regressive taxation, brings economic growth to benefit both business and labor.
	www.learningfountain.com /blog/archives/00000658.htm (592 words)

	Progressive Taxation « Abstract Nonsense
		Exempting the first $13,200 again from taxation means a loss of another $100 billion, but eliminating the cap will recover that.
		The mean household income in the highest quintile, which more or less coincides with the group of people not paying marginal payroll taxes, is about $150,000 a year.
		The main advantage is that it’s possible to become even more progressive that way, with taxes on the rich in the 50-60% region and on the upper middle class in the 40% region (right now it tops at 37.7% at the FICA cap and slowly converges to 35% thereafter).
	abstractnonsense.wordpress.com /2006/09/08/progressive-taxation (1560 words)

	In Support of Progressive Taxation of Income
		Stated another way, a system of taxation that does not provide sufficient revenue to pay for the expenditures budgeted in a given fiscal year lacks legitimacy because it imposes “taxation without representation” on future generations.
		Again, spending levels determine the level of taxation, and the burden caused by the overall amount of taxation is a legitimate and necessary debate.
		The higher the percentage of taxation, the greater the disincentive to produce the next dollar, and the greater the incentive to shelter taxable income.
	www.commonvoice.com /article.asp?colid=1649 (785 words)

	O'Reilly Radar > Piracy is Progressive Taxation
		In other words, it may be a "progressive" tax in the theoretical world of the "attention economy," but it's by no means a progressive tax in the real world where people need food and shelter.
		Posted by: Nick Carr at August 6, 2006 10:36 AM "Progressive" though it may be, the truth is that small publishers/creators are penalized more heavily by even the lower level of loss.
		Small publishers are the beneficiaries of the progressive taxation, because they have no other way of letting people know about their work than viral marketing, which is a lot of what happens on p2p networks.
	radar.oreilly.com /archives/2006/08/piracy_is_progressive_taxation.html (3333 words)

	TAP: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Whatever else is wrong with the current income tax, it remains (mildly) progressive.
		But most Americans grasp the logic of progressive taxation: Ordinary working people depend on their earnings to pay the rent and put bread on the table.
		Defense of principle can be good politics--and progressive taxation is a principle well worth defending.
	www.prospect.org /columns/kuttner/bk971006.html (790 words)

	Why I Support Progressive Taxation [ Tempus Fugit \| TxFx.net ]
		Progressive taxes are opposed because they punish achievement.
		They aren’t concerned with individual rights, but with the collective “right” for the richest and the poorest members of society be artificially made similar until we’re all indistinguishable oat grains in a lukewarm bowl of porridge.
		All that aside, if a prebate is absolutely necessary to make the Fair Tax palatable for you “progressive taxation” types, then I’ll take it because it still represents a huge improvement over the current system.
	txfx.net /2005/09/18/why-i-support-progressive-taxation (10337 words)

	The Hindu : National : Progressive taxation system recommended to finance higher and technical education
		A recommendation to this effect was made by the CABE Committee — headed by Planning Commission member Bhalchandra Mungekar — in its report on Financing of Higher and Technical Education, submitted to Human Resource Development Minister Arjun Singh on Tuesday.
		While the committee preferred a "sound differential fee system" in higher education based on the principle of `ability to pay,' the practical difficulties in implementing such a regime have made it suggest a progressive taxation system with the proviso of looking at more than just the income tax.
		Also, according to the committee, if the total allocation for education is raised to the elusive six per cent of the Gross National Product (GNP) from the current four per cent, then higher and technical education should get at least 1.5 per cent of the GNP.
	www.hindu.com /2005/07/08/stories/2005070804211500.htm (296 words)

	EconPapers: Employment Effects of Progressive Taxation in a Unionised Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Abstract: One of the main arguments against a public finance solution to unemployment is that, at least in the long run, the tax burden is passed onto labour.
		This paper presents a general equilibrium model on the relation among tax progressivity, wage setting and employment where changes in labour taxation affect the labour market equilibrium.
		It is shown that the relation of interest depends on the initial level of taxation and on the labour tax parameter allowed to vary (marginal-average, personal income-payroll taxes).
	econpapers.repec.org /paper/ecjac2002/166.htm (275 words)

	Progressive Taxation Education Association/Progressive taxation PAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Thw way to get thru to the American people is to point out the increasing maldistributon of wealth and iincome, and to show how the tax system has been changed since the 1970's.
		We need to promote a return to steeply progressive taxation not for economic reaons, but for democratic political reasons.
		We need to Inform the public that the stockmarket is a fraud and that public regional investment banks are a suitable alternative.
	www.democrats.com /node/2597/print (151 words)

	Progressive Taxation and the Real Business Cycle (SMEALSearch) - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The paper aims to study the impact of the introduction of a progressive labor income tax scheme over the real business cycle in contrast to a model economy with proportional labor income tax.
		While in most recent quantitative business cycle studies the proportional tax is introduced due to the easy tractabilityof this tax struture, the presence of a progressive taxonlaborincome, whichiscommontoalleconomiesthe business cycle studies try to mimic, could introduce some important and distictive features into the cycle's statisticalsummary under analysis.
		economy generatesofa higher volatility for the aggregate series compared to the ones a the introduction of progressive labor income taxes.
	smealsearch2.psu.edu /7862.html (270 words)

	The Stakeholder:: The Quest to Kill Progressive Taxation
		Several conservative supporters of tax reform said a national sales tax, formally known as a valued-added tax, would be the ultimate goal in an overhaul of the tax system so taxes would be on consumption of goods and services more than savings.
		The flat tax, which would replace the progressive system that assesses higher tax rates on those with higher incomes, is also under quiet GOP discussion.
		When Congress's Joint Committee on Taxation scored the Linder proposal 4 years ago, it estimated that it would actually require a tax-inclusive rate of 36 percent, not 23 percent, to equal current federal revenues.
	www.dccc.org /stakeholder/archives/000842.html (836 words)

	ATTAC-NGLS Financing Social Development: Progressive Taxation and Globalisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Avi-Yonah noted that from its beginnings, the welfare state has been financed primarily by progressive income taxation (which differs from other forms of taxation such as consumption taxes, because it includes income from capital in the tax base even if it is saved and not consumed).
		Such initiative could deal with both “global taxes” that would involve international redistribution, and coordination of national taxation regimes to ensure, for instance, minimum corporate tax rates and other measures designed to reverse the current “race to the bottom” in the area of taxation.
		The second (by focusing on initial taxation in the location where sales are consumed) aims to bypass multinational companies’ use of tax haven-based intermediary affiliates established to escape taxation in production locations by way of transfer pricing -- since the large consumer markets are unlikely to be tax havens.
	www.attac.org /fra/orga/doc/ngls.htm (2360 words)

	Piracy is progressive taxation \| MetaFilter
		December 12, 2002 2:29 PM Piracy is Progressive Taxation says Tim O'Reilly.
		Piracy is a kind of progressive taxation, which may shave a few percentage points off the sales of well-known artists (and I say "may" because even that point is not proven), in exchange for massive benefits to the far greater number for whom exposure may lead to increased revenues.
		Not that I'm against some form of digital media to help the arts, but saying it's a taxation because he and his daughter don't download whole albums is missing the point, because lots of people do.
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/22268 (4301 words)

	SSRN-On the Popular Support for Progressive Taxation by Esteban Klor
		The popular support for progressive income taxation theorem (Maruhenda and Ortuno-Ortin, 1995) provides an important formalization of the intuition that a majority of relatively poor voters over rich ones leads to progressive income taxation.
		Then it is shown that a majority of poor voters does not necessarily imply progressive taxation, when the tax policy space is extended to include the class of all average-rate progressive tax schedules.
		Finally, I demonstrate that, even in a restricted domain of tax schedules, a linear tax schedule may obtain a majority over a progressive one when individuals' income is endogenous.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=358284 (250 words)

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