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Topic: Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act

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	The Rise of the Sourh African Reich - Chapter 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prohibited members of a disqualified racial group from attending a public cinema, or partaking of refreshments in a licensed restaurant or refreshment room or tea room or eating house, or visiting any club, in a particular group or controlled area except under permit.
		Prohibited the publication of speeches or writings by banned persons who had left South Africa, and empowered the State President to ban any publication deemed to be a continuation, whether or not under another name, of one already prohibited.
		The purpose of the Act was to ensure that the race classification on a birth certificate was the same as that on the Population Register.
	www.anc.org.za /books/reich9.html (10018 words)

	Immorality Act
		Mixed marriages and the immorality act became the first major pieces of apartheid legislation.
		One of the first people convicted of the immorality act was a Cape Dutch[?] Reformed[?] minister; he was caught having sex with a domestic worker in his garage.
		In 1985 the Immorality Act and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act were both repealed.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/im/Immorality_Act.html (186 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Apartheid
		This law prohibited people of different races from using the same public amenities, such as drinking fountains, restrooms, and so on.
		"The crime of apartheid" means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in the context of an institutionalised regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime [1]
		The view that rich democratic Western nations are acting in much the same way as white South Africa, by exploiting or ignoring the plight of people in developing countries.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Prohibition_of_Mixed_Marriages_Act (3347 words)

	The Acts that Established Apartheid
		This act was the vanguard of the the apartheid acts that were passed in the 1950's.
		This act led to massive relocations of fl and colored populations to townships outside the cities.
		This act allowed any police officer at or above the rank of lieutenant colonel to "detain for interrogation" any person suspected of "terrorism." Since terrorism was not really defined, this act had massive potential for abuse; torture of suspects became common during this period, and the number of deaths in detention increased dramatically.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /kleinbottle23/1950acts.html (585 words)

	South African Legislation
		The act gave Africans exclusive rights to their "homelands." This was the portion of the country reserved for African occupation and equaled about twenty-three million acres (Thompson 46).
		This act "was meant to tighten the already harsh constraints of the 1923 Urban Areas Act" (Butler 100).
		The Immorality Act of 1950 was a branch of the Mixed Marriages Act.
	www.eou.edu /~nknowles/fall2000/saleg.html (1637 words)

	Apartheid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		"The crime of apartheid" means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in the context of an institutionalised regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime [1]
		there is no provision in Israel for secular civil marriage, so in order to marry, one of the partners must convert to the religion of the other, face the expense of traveling abroad in order to marry.
		The partition of the occupied territories, the limited autonomy granted to the Palestine Authority and the fact that employment in Israel is one of the main economic resources for Arab inhabitants of the territories show a parallel with the creation of the bantustans for supporters of Palestine freedom.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/a/ap/apartheid.html (2060 words)

	AFRO-AMERICAN CULTURE - www.blacksoul.prv.pl - USTAWODAWSTWO WOBEC CZARNYCH W RPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Prohibited acquisition of land in urban areas by fls from non-fls except with the Governor-General's consent (Horrell 1978: 3).
		The 1945 Urban Areas Consolidation Act was amended to specify that all fl persons, men and women, over the age of sixteen were to carry passes and that no fl person was to be allowed to stay in the urban areas longer than seventy-two hours unless they had permission to do so.
		The Minister of Justice was 'empowered to prohibit listed persons from being members of specific organisations or from attending gatherings of any description without giving them the opportunity of making representations in their defence or furnishing reasons'.
	republika.pl /blacksoul/ustawodawstwowobecczarnychwrpa.html (2869 words)

	Untitled Document
		In 1910, the British parliament passed the Act of Union that brought British and Afrikaner colonies together under the same government.
		Natives (Urban Areas) Act 1923 - Established segregation in the cities, forced fls to carry special papers at all times to be allowed to stay in the cities.
		Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 1949 - Banned marriages between the races.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/Africa/Apartheid.html (631 words)

	South Africa - Legislative Implementation of Apartheid
		The act required that people be classified primarily on the basis of their "community acceptability"; later amendments placed greater stress on "appearance" in order to deal with the practice of light-colored fls "passing" as whites.
		The Group Areas Act (No. 41) of 1950 extended the provisions of the Natives Land Act (No. 27) of 1913, and later laws divided South Africa into separate areas for whites and fls (including coloureds), and gave the government the power to forcibly remove people from areas not designated for their particular racial group.
		The Criminal Law Amendment Act (No. 8) of 1953 stated that anyone accompanying a person found guilty of offenses committed while "protest[ing], or in support of any campaign for the repeal or modification of any law," would also be presumed guilty and would have the burden of proving his or her innocence.
	countrystudies.us /south-africa/25.htm (1144 words)

	Open Letter on Marriage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We are equally saddened that marriages conducted according to Muslim, Hindu and customary African rites have not enjoyed equal legal status with Christian marriages.
		We value these characteristics of religious marriage, regardless of the procreative capacity of the two individuals involved; we believe that the national interest is also served by enshrining these values in public policy governing civil unions.
		In the case of the revision of the Marriage Act, the challenge will be to keep an appropriate balance between the constitutional principles of freedom of religious expression and voluntary association on the one hand, while promoting a healthy coexistence with the equality clauses on the other.
	www.sacc.org.za /news06/marriage.html (1254 words)

	Apartheid, by Thomas W. Hazlett: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		Nonwhites also were prohibited from bringing their families while working in the mines (reinforcing the transient nature of employment).
		Thus white workers were empowered—under the guise of the Industrial Conciliation Acts of 1924, 1936, and 1956—to solely control the terms of employment via officially sanctioned union bargaining.
		Most evidently, reform is seen in the elimination of the apartheid laws: the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (scrapped in 1985), the abolition of the Pass Laws (1986), and the widespread elimination of "petty apartheid" (whereby separate facilities for racial groups was rigidly maintained).
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/Apartheid.html (3469 words)

	Apartheid Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		After the elections two legislative pillars of apartheid were passed rapidly The Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 and the Group Areas Act of 1950.
		According to the act, certain areas were to be proclaimed: eventually only people of a designated racial group would be able to and work there." It applied to members of all racial groups and provided for the imposition of control over the ownership and occupation of land and buildings throughout S.A."
		Through this Act many of the Blacks in South Africa were removed from the urban areas especially of the Transvaal and Johannesburg regions were they found work as miners.
	www.history.und.ac.za /soweto/aparthei1.htm (488 words)

	Pope Gregory XVI 27 May 1832 On Mixed Marriages
		Indeed it has even come to the point that these same persons insist that mixed marriages ought to be approved when the heretical partner is a divorced person whose former spouse is still alive.
		To this end they issue serious threats of punishments in order to induce priests to announce mixed marriages in the churches and, afterwards, to defend the act by which these marriages were contracted or, at least, to grant the contracting parties what they call dimissory letters.
		We know that, although you may not all hold the same opinion in this business of mixed marriages, all of you are resolved to hearken to the Apostolic See and, with its guidance, to protect the flocks entrusted to you, not even fearing to encounter dangers in order to safeguard the sheep.
	www.ewtn.com /library/ENCYC/G16SUMMO.HTM (1354 words)

	Election Resources on the Internet: The Republic of South Africa Electoral System
		The South Africa Act was the result of a political compromise between the two major white ethno-linguistic groups - the Afrikaners, descendants of 17th- and 18th-century Dutch, French and German settlers, who speak Afrikaans (a derivative of 17th-century Dutch) and comprise the majority of South Africa's white population; and the English speakers.
		In 1985 the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 and the Immorality Act of 1957 were repealed.
		The proposed constitution, enacted by Parliament as the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act of 1983, was submitted to a referendum of the white electorate, held on November 2, 1983.
	electionresources.org /za/system (8482 words)

	M a i n C h r o n o l o g y (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If such murders and acts of violence are found to have occurred, to investigate what bodies and organisations were responsible for these acts.
		Prohibited worker bodies from registering with unions based outside the homeland, and unions from contributing or to receiving money from any organisation banned under the 1979 Internal Security Act or any other security law.
		President F.W. de Klerk announces during the opening of Parliament, that the Land Act, the Group Areas Act and the Registration of Population Act is to be scrapped.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/chronology/main-chronology-1990snew.html (7003 words)

	Apartheid
		This law prohibited people of different races from using the same public amenities.
		"The crime of apartheid" means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in the context of an institutionalised regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime [1] (http://www.preventgenocide.org/law/icc/statute/part-a.htm#2)
		there is no provision in Israel for secular civil marriage, so in order to marry, one of the partners must convert to the religion of the other.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ap/Apartheid.html (1775 words)

	Politische Situation Südafrika
		Later amendments extend the prohibition to cover any efforts to overthrow the state and provide for the banning of meetings and people, the receiving of donations, the prohibition on people practising law and deportations.
		The Act creates the offence of sabotage by providing that any person who jeopardises law and order can be tried for sabotage for which the maximum sentence is death.
		Legislation - the pass laws, the Mixed Marriages Act and the Prohibition of Political Interference Act - is repealed.
	www.marcelmbaumann.de /Seiten/taetsueda2.html (5311 words)

	syllabus -- world civ
		The implementation of the apartheid policy, later referred to as "separate development," was made possible by the Population Registration Act of 1950, which put all South Africans into three racial categories: Bantu (fl African), white, or Coloured (of mixed race).
		The system of apartheid was further elaborated by a series of laws in the 1950s: The Group Areas Act of 1950 assigned races to different residential and business sections in urban areas, and the Land Acts of 1954 and 1955 restricted nonwhite residence to specific areas.
		The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 barred interracial marriage, and the Immorality Act of 1950 prohibited sexual relations between different races.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~thematic/umbach/truth/apartheid.html (726 words)

	Case Studies in Sanctions and Terrorism: South Africa
		In addition, Act authorizes $40 million in aid for disadvantaged South Africans, $4 million a year in scholarship funds for victims of apartheid; calls on ANC to suspend "terrorist activities"; threatens to impose additional sanctions if "substantial progress" toward dismantling apartheid is not made within a year of enactment.
		Act also restricts US military assistance to countries that do not join UN arms embargo, provides for sanctions against countries that "benefit from or take commercial advantage of" limitations imposed on US business.
		Acting President de Klerk, campaigning on platform of reform, negotiations, is elected to five-year term; his National Party wins majority in parliament, although by slimmest margin since party was founded.
	www.iie.com /research/topics/sanctions/southafrica.cfm (7075 words)

	Volume ONE Chapter TWO
		No less of a betrayal was the 1936 Representation of Natives Act, by which Cape African voters were disenfranchised or the 1956 Senate Act, by which the membership of that body was enlarged to enable the National Party to summon a two-thirds majority to strip Coloured males of the vote.
		Like the Population Registration Act, the Immorality Act was energetically implemented for some two to three decades, resulting in untold suffering in the form of harassment, public humiliation and the destruction of marriages and family bonds.
		Far from becoming part of the government’s solution, therefore, the bantustans rapidly became part of the problem, acting as a spur and a means to mobilise for the alternative inclusive and non-racial nationalism of the ANC and its allies.
	www.stanford.edu /class/history48q/Documents/EMBARGO/1chap2.htm (6496 words)

	IslamonLine.net
		This meant that the following law was immediately implemented: the prohibition of mixed marriages act - this meant that no person could marry someone from the white group except for whites.
		In the same year the Immorality Act was passed; it prohibited sexual relations between white and fl.
		In 1962, the Sabotage Act was passed; that was the Act under which I was first arrested.
	www.islamonline.net /livedialogue/english/Browse.asp?hGuestID=q9tBts (2119 words)

	South Africa History
		The Natives Lands Acts was an act that gave the whites over 90% of the land of South Africa, leaving only about 10% of the land for the other races.
		The Natives (Urban Areas) Act was an act that declared residential segregation, and forced fls to carry a paper that allowed them to stay in the cities.
		Next, there was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, established in 1949, and this act forbid marriages between fls and whites.
	www.asij.ac.jp /middle/show/doorways/historical_tour_sa.htm (2884 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Apartheid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This law prohibited people of different races from using the same public amenities.
		"The crime of apartheid" means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in the context of an institutionalised regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime [1] (http://www.preventgenocide.org/law/icc/statute/part-a.htm#2)
		there is no provision in Israel for secular civil marriage, so in order to marry, one of the partners must convert to the religion of the other.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ap/Apartheid (1800 words)

	Volume ONE Chapter TEN
		The population register as compiled by the 1986 Identification Act was to remain in effect until the 1983 Republic of South Africa Constitution Act was repealed.
		The Act made provision for three stages of autonomy: Homelands could progress from territorial authority status, in which no legislative power was conferred to the territory, to responsible government (the second stage) to self-government (the third stage).
		This Act provided for the establishment of ten so-called homelands to which eventually all fl South Africans were to belong as citizens according to their ethnic, linguistic and cultural affiliation.
	www.goshen.edu /library/EMBARGO/1chap13.htm (12460 words)

	[No title]
		Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act — Passed in 1949, this forbade individuals from different racial backgrounds from marrying each other.
		Through this law, and through the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950, which prohibited sexual relations between whites and fls, the apartheid regime echoed the infamous Nuremburg Laws of Nazi Germany, which discriminated between Jews and those of “pure” German origin.
		Bantu Education Act — Passed in 1953, this law stunted the intellectual and creative development of Black children by gearing their education to reinforce their subservient social position (Hendrik Verwoerd, later to become South Africa’s Prime Minister, used the phrase “in accordance with their opportunities in life”).
	www.adl.org /Israel/apartheid/what_is_apartheid.asp (451 words)

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