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Topic: Proisocortex

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	Canadian Psychiatric Association - The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry - April 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The periallocortex and proisocortex have widespread intrinsic connections, whereas isocortices, situated at a distance from limbic areas, have restricted connections.
		BA 9, in turn, has connections with proisocortex (BAs 32 and 24) medially and with dorsal BAs 10 and 46 laterally.
		In contrast, the ventral trend progresses from the insular proisocortex to the proisocortical motor area and to the ventral portion of the premotor cortex (BA 6) as well as to the ventral motor cortex (BA 4).
	www.cpa-apc.org /Publications/Archives/CJP/2000/April/Dual3.asp (886 words)

	OUP: Appendix 03
		These can be viewed, cytoarchitectonically, as a continuous strip parallel to the corpus callosum, but because of their connections with other parts of the brain we will treat them as quite separate areas (posterior and frontal, respectively).
		Next we have the proisocortex of areas 29d (posterior) and 24b (frontal) and finally, in monkeys but probably not rats, we have the true isocortex of area 23 (posterior).
		However, the proisocortex and least laminated isocortex of the dorsal and ventral trends in the prefrontal cortex are extensively interconnected with each other and with, at least, area 24 of the cingulate cortex.
	www.oup.co.uk /academic/medicine/medical_updates/neuropsych_anxiety/app03 (14912 words)

	PMID: 8140181 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For this purpose, the number and distribution of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were mapped in the hippocampi of 10 cognitively impaired schizophrenic patients, 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and 10 patients with dementia not attributed to either schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease.
		In Alzheimer's disease, degenerative changes invariably predominated in the CA1 subfield, subiculum, and proisocortex.
		By contrast, findings characteristic of Alzheimer's disease were virtually never observed in the hippocampi of schizophrenic and other cognitively impaired patients.
	lethargy.swmed.edu /cgi-bin/etblast/abstract_local?pmid=8140181&user_id=1016147831&application=0 (230 words)

	[No title]
		The primary sensory cortices, the agranular motor cortices, and the association cortices can all be viewed as neo-or isocortex and they conform in a general sense to the six-layered pattern.
		Brodmann's area 23 and 14 of the cingulate gyrus are good examples of proisocortex.
		For example, large and densely-packed neurons may be present in Lll, whereas this is typically seen in only the deeper layers of the iso- and proisocortex.
	zlab.rutgers.edu /modules/teaching/docs/behaviorCogNeuro/cortex-03-04.doc (7471 words)

	Middle East Open Encyclopedia: Proisocortex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This is an extract from The Middle East Open Encyclopedia, made possible through the Wikimedia Foundation.
		Iraq Museum International always displays the most recent published revision of the source article, Proisocortex; all previous versions may be viewed here.
		They link directly to authoring tools for you to start writing a particular article.
	www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/?title=Proisocortex (192 words)

	University of Guelph, Psychology: Sheep Brain Laboratory Manual©
		It is clearly separated from the corpus callosum through the callosal sulcus, and anteriorly from the medial frontal gyrus by the cingulate sulcus.
		The structure of the cingulate cortex is not quite isocortex (the complex and highly evolved neocortex) and the more simply three-layered allocortex and is sometimes referred to as periallocortex or proisocortex - referring to a transitional form of cortical types.
		The principal input is from the parts of the thalamus associated with the limbic system (anterior thalamus, mediodorsal thalamus).
	www.psychology.uoguelph.ca /learnmatl/sheep_labman/Glossary.html (11067 words)

	Neurofibrillary Tangles: 1998
		A number of pharmacological and non-pharmacological studies support the concept that activation of the brain indeed has beneficial effects on several aspects of cognition and other central functions.
		"Greater metabolic rate decreases in hippocampal formation and proisocortex than in neocortex in Alzheimer's disease." Neuropsychobiology 37(1): 10-9.
		Neuropathological studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have found pathological changes in some cytoarchitectural regions and relative sparing in others.
	lansbury.bwh.harvard.edu /Literature/Review/neurofibrillary_tangles_1998.htm (19257 words)

	Outline
		The auditory areas can be divided into three parallel architectonic lines: the root line, core line and belt line (see figure 7a).
		Each of these lines is characterized by progressive laminar differentiation from the proisocortex of the temporal pole up to the parietal cortex(see figure 7b).
		The root line, possessing limbic features is comprised of proisocortex (Pro), parainsular cortex (paI), auditory prokoniocortex (proA) and retroinsular temporal cortex (reIt).
	www.digital-starlight.net /academic/lit_review.html (20388 words)

	Fourth Annual OAK Meeting
		Following mounting the sections had a mean thickness of 22.3 ± 2.6 mm (mean ± SD) which allowed us to use a 10 mm disector starting at 5 mm from the bottom of the section.
		Neocortex was defined as the neocortex proper, proisocortex, and periallocortex whereas allocortex and piriform cortex were excluded.
		Counting was performed in the right hemisphere which had been cut into five series yielding a section sampling fraction of 0.1.
	www.oakbrain.dk /abstracts2005.htm (9743 words)

	MRI Assessment of Gray and White Matter Distribution in Brodmann's Areas of the Cortex in Patients With Schizophrenia ...
		Hazlett EA, Buchsbaum MS, Haznedar MM, Singer MB, Schnur DB, Jimenez EA, Buchsbaum BR, Troyer BT: Prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism and startle eyeblink modification abnormalities in unmedicated schizophrenia patients.
		Stein DJ, Buchsbaum MS, Hof PR, Siegel BV Jr, Shihabuddin L: Greater metabolic rate decreases in hippocampal formation and proisocortex than in neocortex in Alzheimer’s disease.
		Keshavan MS, Anderson S, Beckwith C, Nash K, Pettegrew JW, Krishnan KR: A comparison of stereology and segmentation techniques for volumetric measurements of lateral ventricles in magnetic resonance imaging.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/160/12/2154 (7354 words)

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