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Topic: Project Cybersyn

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Salvador Allende

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Planned economy

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	Andy Beckett: The forgotten story of Chile's 'socialist internet' \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		This was known as Project Cybersyn, and nothing like it had been tried before, or has been tried since.
		By 1973, the sheer size of the project, involving somewhere between a quarter and half of the entire nationalised economy, meant that Beer's original band of disciples had been diluted by other, less idealistic scientists.
		Cybersyn and Stafford's subsequent, more esoteric inventions live on in obscure socialist websites and, more surprisingly, modern business school teachings about the importance of economic information and informal working practices.
	www.guardian.co.uk /chile/story/0,13755,1037547,00.html (1830 words)

	Project Cybersyn - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Project Cybersyn was a Chilean attempt at real-time computer-controlled planned economy in the years 1970-1973 (during the government of president Salvador Allende).
		It was essentially a network of telex machines that linked factories with a single computer center in Santiago, which controlled them using principles of cybernetics.
		It was furnished with 7 swivel chairs (considered the best for creativity) with buttons, which controlled several large screens that could project the data, and other panels with status information.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Project_Cybersyn (328 words)

	Project Cybersyn \| varnelis.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Although the room was never operational, it was understood at the time as "the symbolic heart of the project," to quote Eden Medina, a scholar who wrote her dissertation at MIT on the topic and presented the material at Bruno Latour's Making Things Public exhibit as well as in the catalog for the show.
		Some 50,000 truck drivers blocked the streets of Santiago, but through Cybersyn the government was able to identify 200 trucks that remained loyal and coordinate food deliveries to the areas of the city that needed it most.
		Cybersyn's simplifications proved unable to comprehend what was to come and the Pinochet regime destroyed the Cybersyn project and the Opsroom.
	varnelis.net /blog/kazys/project_cybersyn (818 words)

	Ukranian network of Information Society > e-Ukraine > Chapter 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		With regard to IT-based long-term projects targeted at preservation and development of the nation’s scientific potential, one should look at the experience of the Russian Federation, which is no more prosperous either.
		The GlobIS Rus project is deemed by the UN as one of the main factors of stable development of the world community for the nearest five decades.
		Before the economic sector of the network starts working, before scientific projects or educational programmes are introduced, it is necessary to define a legal field, on which everything will be based.
	www.e-ukraine.org.ua /eng/book/Chapter5.htm (7243 words)

	Lispmeister.com : Stafford Beer and the Cybersyn project
		Flores managed the Cybersyn project while working as a minister of economics in the cabinet of Salvador Allende.
		Cybersyn was the first documented attempt at using cybernetics in controlling the ecomony of a whole country.
		A bit of googling resulted in a paper by Beer describing the Cybersyn project and I was amazed.
	lispmeister.com /blog/futurology/stafford-beer-cybersyn.html (173 words)

	shifters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The project Cybersyn, which stands for Cybernetic Synergy, was carried over the years 1971-1973.
		Behind the plan (Cybersyn and CyberStride) was the vision of a homeostatic machine (15), society as an organism and self-regulated social processes.
		This relations are projected into the future and past to evaluate the level of agreement of new data with past events and so decide on the rhythmic significance of variations in the information stream in real time.In Desain's model past relationships are projected into the future as expectations.
	pzwart2.wdka.hro.nl /~anunez/shifters.html (3091 words)

	2006
		I have already written that Cybersyn “was strongly inspired by autonomy and flexibility, contrary to the bureaucratic hierarchy of the Soviet system…” (http://www.ototsky.mgn.ru/it/papers/stafford21.pdf).
		They are working in producing an interactive operations room for today’s concerns along the lines of the operations room developed by the Cybersyn project.
		The first experience of the VSM implementation had been made already in the Cybersyn project and it is symptomatic that the Enrique’s presentation today concurred with the Pinochet burial.
	www.ototsky.mgn.ru /it/papers/prague2006.htm (522 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Al...
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		Science Fair Projects for students of all ages
	all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Al... (176 words)

	Slashdot \| Cybersyn And Early Uniminds
		Cybersyn is the implementation of Stafford Beer's "Viable System Model" which is modelled on the working of the human nervous system.
		In Cybersyn, the workings of actual factories was monitored by a couple of IBM/370s (if memory serves) but only statistically, to throw up warning events if the stats went out of whack.
		Actually the Cybersyn implementation couldn't be as decentralized as Beer wanted, because Chile could only afford two computers which, by their nature, had to be centralized processing units.
	slashdot.org /articles/03/09/08/1055207.shtml (5436 words)

	Recent Monograph Publications and Research in CBI Collections
		By 1957, Remington Rand had become Sperry Rand, the two computer operations were situated in a new division-the Univac Division, and many of the principals from ERA had left to found or participate in other computer company startups.
		At the outset of the project, company records were only just becoming available, and, to do an adequate investigation, more had to be found.
		However, his use of archival sources in his earlier work and the work of others that he employed is evident.
	www.cbi.umn.edu /newsletter/article1.html (2056 words)

	Salvador Allende - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Allende also intended to improve the socio-economic welfare of Chile's poorest citizens.
		A key element was to provide employment, either in the new nationalised enterprises or on public works projects.
		In the first year of Allende's term, the short-term economic results of Minister of the Economy Pedro Vuskovic's expansive monetary policy were unambiguously favorable: 12% industrial growth and an 8.6% increase in GDP, accompanied by major declines in inflation (down from 34.9% to 22.1%) and unemployment (down to 3.8%).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Salvador_Allende (3148 words)

	Eden Miller Medina \| Projects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A significant part of the dissertation is devoted to the history of the Cybersyn project, an experimental computer network based on cybernetic principles.
		It was established by Chile's Popular Unity government during the early 1970s with the intention of providing a real-time, decentralized form of economic analysis in the nationalized sector of the Chilean economy.
		The photo to the left depicts the Cybersyn Opsroom - the control center envisioned by British cybernetician Stafford Beer and constructed in Santiago between 1971-1973.
	www.mit.edu /people/eden/proj.html (320 words)

	Lessons of Stafford Beer
		Beer’s approach and related technology were originally developed for the steel industry in the UK and then implemented for the Chilean government in 1971-1973.
		The main aim of the Cybersyn project, which included the Cyberstride suite of computer programs, was “to do away” with bureaucracy in Chile.
		What follows is a brief list of factors that made possible the Cybersyn project in Chile that could be very relevant for Russia now.
	ototsky.mgn.ru /it/lessons.htm (791 words)

	Cyber action / Arts / Culture / Home - Morning Star (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This attitude finds echoes in the little-known Project Cybersyn that existed under Salvador Allende's radical Chilean government.
		Organised by the late British scientist Stafford Beer, Project Cybersyn attempted, through using telex machines, to collate Chile's economic performance on a daily basis.
		After the 1973 coup, the new military regime found the national Cybersyn network in workable order, but destroyed it for being too democratic and egalitarian.
	www.morningstaronline.co.uk /index2.php/free/culture/arts/cyber_action (1320 words)

	Project Cybersyn : DigiGuide Forums
		In his ground breaking work of Project Cybersyn which in a matter of months created a real time economy management system in Chile at the invitation of President Allende.
		These simulations were televised so the electorate could see the effect of different policies and by means of a metre in the Cabinet Operations room show the ministers which policies they liked.
		The Cybernetic Society article says that the people involved in the project are gathering multi media documents about the project, which ended when President Allende was killed when he was violently overthrown by Pinochet.
	forums.digiguide.com /topic.asp?id=19782 (278 words)

	things magazine - a semi-permanent return?
		Tangent's MO is a series of very readable 'snapshots of life' / a collection of perfume advertisements, via cup of chica, via quike like a bunny / huge fansite for 80s popsters Strawberry Switchblade, with extensive mp3s (via six different ways, who also shows us how to herd cats).
		Her main project is a dissertation on The Use of Maps in Contemporary Art, which we'll definitely peruse.
		There's a searchable database, where you can highlight things like these 11 architectural models, including 'Project A', which would have removed the Tate’s frontage and replaced it with a huge (presumably concrete) façade that came right down to the river front.
	www.thingsmagazine.net /2003_09_01_oldthings.htm (5750 words)

	Untitled Document
		Av.A.Na.Net al Forte Prenestino di Roma lavora da un anno alla costruzione di una infrastruttura di rete chiamata Cybersyn II che permetterà l'uso di una piattaforma tecnologica realizzata autonomamente.
		Il Progetto Cybersyn II (il nome richiama l'originale Progetto Cybersyn realizzato nel Cile di Salvador Allende per fornire nuovi strumenti di cooperazione sociale in alternativa al libero mercato e alla pianificazione) si basa su quattro progetti integrati:
		Nell'ambito dell'incontro di presentazione del Progetto Cybersyn II e' previsto un dibattito che sondera' i temi del diritto alla comunicazione, il freesoftware, il lavoro nell'era di Internet, l'autorganizzazione e i suoi "strumenti telematici".
	www.ecn.org /forte/cybersyn2/in_cybS2.htm (376 words)

	[No title]
		Santiago Dreaming, The Guardian Excerpts: (...) This was known as Project Cybersyn, and nothing like it had been tried before, or has been tried since.
		Distributed Climate Model Aims For Errors, NewScientist Excerpts: A new distributed computing project is aiming to put error bars on the global warming predictions made by computer models of the Earth's climate.
		The project, called climateprediction.net, was launched on Friday and hopes to provide the computing power required by using the spare computer time of thousands of volunteers.
	www.comdig.org /issue_txt2.php?id_issue=2003.37 (4619 words)

	Headlines/Breaking News from Philadelphia Business Journal - bizjournals.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The company projects total sales revenue of $1.6 billion in 2000, which represents an increase of about 34 percent over 1999.
		Over the two following years, the company projects sales growth of about 8 to 10 percent, resulting in projected sales of $1.74 billion in 2001 and $1.91 billion in 2002.
		CyberSyn is a provider custom synthesized DNA and RNA oligonucleotides and peptides.
	sanfrancisco.bizjournals.com /site_map/philadelphia_sitemap_39.html (8391 words)

	Re: Fielder Sues Detroit News
		12-02-04 10:49 PM a project for Allende to put the Chilean economy under cybernetic control.
		That is * exactly what it was: research by highly qualified interdisciplinary team s, * into operations, namely production companies, with the prospect of * discovering models and sets of measures.
		* * We needed a group who understood the operational research techniques of * data capture that were needed for project Cybersyn.
	www.webservertalk.com /message590274.html (186 words)

	Anti-Socialist Tendencies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Only on one major occasion did Beer have to chance to implement [his concepts] from the ground up -- when he was invited to help design and implement a control system for the entire economy of Chile, under the newly elected Marxist regime led by Salvador Allende.
		From 1971 to 1973 Beer threw himself into Project Cybersyn as it was called (for 'cybernetic synergy')...
		This cybernetisation of the Chilean economy was an extremely ambitious project which, alas, never had chance to go into full operation [due to Pinochet's coup].
	varenius.blogspot.com /2003_07_01_varenius_archive.html (4513 words)

	Lispmeister.com : Cybersyn Project Website
		Just found this new site about the Cybersyn project.
		They have the intention to fund the construction of an interactive audio-visual documentary film, based on the cybernetics experience made in Chile by Stafford Beer called Cybersyn.
		They created a 3D visualization of the opsroom used in the Cybersyn project.
	lispmeister.com /blog/futurology/cybersyn-project.html (57 words)

	ASC: Foundations: History: Timeline
		Stafford Beer is commissioned by the Allende government in Chile to integrate a management structure for the national economy, and the CyberSyn project is born.
		The Allende government is overthrown in a bloody coup, terminating the CyberSyn project in midstream with only 2/3 of the national economy's subsystems integrated into the cybernetic network.
		Heinz von Foerster oversees a year-long class project at BCL on the subject of 'cybernetics of cybernetics', generating a mass of material eventually published under that title.
	www.asc-cybernetics.org /foundations/timeline.htm (5499 words)

	Karvalics
		In the technical literature bits from the history of computers or perhaps some colorful cultural historical pieces from the world of telephony can be found most of the time as though the Internet were merely about the history of technology.
		Thus, socially, economically and politically embedded developments, which could be approached not through technological virtuosity, but from the network principle like Stafford Beer's torso Cybersyn project in Chile or Andrew Targowski's similarly uncompleted Infostrada in Poland in the early 70s are hardly ever mentioned.
		Minitel is also treated quite unfairly, and the history of technology simply ignores the more than 40-year-old strange history of mail-art that has by now salvaged itself from the postcard world to the Internet.
	www.aoir.org /2002/program/karvalics.html (332 words)

	VCU Senior Design Studio - description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This is a highly integrated project requiring several different skill-sets and is typical of advanced development projects in industry, the military, NASA, or advanced development institutions such as JPL (Jet Propulsion laboratory) or APL (Applied Physics Laboratory).
		Team members take responsibility for the various sub-systems and work together to design, build, integrate, commission, and test the complete system.
		a DNA synthesis company located in Philadelphia, PA. CyberSyn has agreed to provide, free of charge, the various oligonucleotide sequences that are consumable reagents used in this project.
	www.c3b.vcu.edu /ugbiochip/description.html (290 words)

	Infocult: Information, Culture, Policy, Education: History of the internet
		Opte is a new internet mapping project, using Large Graph Layout (LGL).
		However, like many visions that project future benefits but ignore present costs, it requires too much coordination and too much energy to effect in the real world, where deductive logic is less effective and shared worldview is harder to create than we often want to admit.
		Chile tried out a nationwide, digitally-facilitated information system, called CyberSyn, in the early 1970s.
	infocult.typepad.com /infocult/history_of_the_internet/index.html (3363 words)

	CM6: Louis Freeh & The Creeping Police State
		* "Project L.U.C.I.D.", by Texe Marrs, 1996, ISBN 1-884302-02-5 * * Worried citizens will be advised that the new legislation is designed to * "protect them" from savage acts by international and domestic terrorists, * such as occurred in the Oklahoma City and New York's World Trade Center * bombings.
		However, even he knows what can happen with cybernetic control in the wrong hands: * "Brain of the Firm", Stafford Beer, 1986, ISBN 0 471 27687 1 * * If Project Cybersyn were altered, and the tools used are not the * tools we made, they could become instruments of oppression.
		The cybernetic project died when Allende was assassinated in late 1973.
	www.mega.nu:8080 /cm/cm6.html (13302 words)

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