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	Proletariat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The proletariat (from Latin proles, offspring) is a term used to identify a lower social class; a member of such a class is called a proletarian.
		Originally it was identified as those people who had no other wealth than their sons; the term was initially used in a derogatory sense, until Karl Marx used it as a positive term to identify what he termed the working class.
		Proletarians are wage-workers, while some refer to those who receive salaries as the salariat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Proletarian (527 words)

	Proletarian Dictatorship and Class Party - 1951
		Proletarian theory openly asserts that its future State will be a class State, i.e., a tool wielded by one class only, as long as classes exist.
		During the struggle against the existing regime, the proletarian State is not presented as a stable and fixed realization of a set of rules governing the social relationships inferred from an idealistic research into the nature of man and society.
		The proletarian State can only be animated by a single party and it would be senseless to require that this party organizes in its ranks a statistical majority and be supported by such a majority in "popular elections" — that old bourgeois trap.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /italian.left/BasicTexts/English/51PrDict.htm (3155 words)

	Chapter 9: THE PATHS OF "PROLETARIAN" POWER
		The ''proletarian" State has increasingly betrayed its true nature and proved that its proletarian-ness was a mere figment, as proletarians have been able to appreciate since the early years of the revolution, the more so since they themselves helped install it.
		The fact that in the course of its degeneration the "proletarian" power has showed itself to be nothing more than a State power pure and simple is now beyond dispute and has induced it to desist from artful concealment of its real face.
		As I see it, it is for all these reasons that all foreign comrades who have not had this first-hand experience, should carefully scrutinize all the stages of the Russian revolution, particularly the role played in it by the Bolshevik-Communist party and by that fraction of the proletariat that has followed it.
	www.spunk.org /library/writers/makhno/sp001781/chap9.html (1347 words)

	Proletarian literature in the U.S.
		In its period of highest development, proletarian literature was a cauldron of controversy, reflecting the passionate beliefs of the masses.
		The proletarian authors came and went in the twists and turns of the movement, but their contributions live on and are beginning to get recognized once more, after decades of burial by the bourgeois critics.
		The attempt to build a proletarian party, a revolutionary organizing center for the workers' class struggle, was crucial for the wide extent of the struggle of the time -- and for its literary expressions.
	home.flash.net /~comvoice/StruggleEdit1701.html (1563 words)

	Encyclopedia: Proletarian internationalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Proletarian internationalism is a concept advanced by the marxist social class theory.
		The idea is that members of the working class should act in solidarity towards world revolution and support working people in other countries, rather than following their respective national governments.
		The antonym of proletarian internationalism is bourgeois nationalism.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Proletarian-internationalism (117 words)

	Bisbee Deportation: Proletarian and Petit-Bourgeois, Exhibit 21 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Marxian theory predicates the destruction of the petit bourgeois and the forcible thrusting of that somewhat unpleasant individual into the pit of proletarianism whence he is to come forth as an avenging angel and to repay his sufferings at the hands of the greater capitalism by the destruction of the latter.
		The mass of the workers, denominated proletarians, had no political representation, and had not even learned to organize trade unions on any effective scale, indeed, they were only just beginning to develop rudimentary forms of these organizations.
		In that respect he is differentiated from the skilled laborer who by association has to a certain extent been able to make his craft a property peculiar to the members of that craft, and to that extent interfere with free exchange in the market in terms of his particular commodity or property.
	digital.library.arizona.edu /bisbee/docs/021.php (13274 words)

	What Distinguishes Our Party
		The apparatus of the proletarian State, insofar as it is a means and arm of struggle in a transitional period between two social systems, does not derive its organizational strength from any existing constitutional canons or schemas that aim to represent all classes.
		For us, the cause of the degeneration was the failure to spread and extend the proletarian revolution, and the abandonment of communist internationalism, whilst for the petty bourgeoisie, the revolution was a failure from the start because it was anti-democratic, because it installed a proletarian dictatorship.
		The thread of this great tradition was broken in the period between the wars by a combination of the theory, and the praxis, of "Socialism in one country", along with the replacing of Dictatorship of the Proletariat by the struggle for democracy against fascism.
	perso.wanadoo.fr /italian.left/BasicTexts/WhatDist.htm (6846 words)

	Proletarian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Proletarian - Asian Workers League Founded in 1929, by the Proletarian Society of the Communist Party of China.
		(k) Attacks on Intelligentsia: Suppressing Dissidents The Communist regime considered dissent in the Soviet Union a repudiation of the proletarian struggle and a violation of Marxism-Leninism, and thus a threat to its authority.
		International Communist Current The origins of the ICC lie in the left communists expelled from the 3rd International as it degenerated - the Italian, German, and Dutch lefts.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Proletarian.html (245 words)

	[No title]
		As the winning of this goal through struggle can only be the business of the proletarian class itself, the demand hence arises quite naturally for the proletariat to give up all reformist methods of struggle and replace them with a resolute, revolutionary form of struggle, also organised differently.
		In the peaceful epoch of the movement, the proletarian vanguard sets itself narrowly limited political goals, to attain which the strength of the whole class was not at all necessary.
		The German proletariat must finally set about gathering this proletarian class in the places of its servitude for the task of revolution, schooling it, organising it, setting it on the march and leading it in the struggle.
	www.spunk.org /texts/writers/ruhle/sp000830.txt (6028 words)

	ICL(FI): Declaration of Principals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The struggle by the proletarian leadership for self-determination of the oppressed nations is a powerful tool to break the grip of petty-bourgeois nationalists leaders on the masses.
		A hallmark of retreat from revolutionary purpose is the practice of propaganda blocs: the subordination of the proletarian program to opportunists in the name of "unity." A similar purpose is served by the idea of a "strategic united front" which transforms the united front into a hoped-for standing "coalition" on a lowest-common-denominator program.
		Use of the bourgeois courts against political opponents in the trade unions or the workers movement is a breach of the principle of proletarian independence and an attack on the labor movement's strength.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/icl-spartacists/icl01.htm (9971 words)

	Kurt Landau
		In contrast to proletarian revolutions originating in democratic ones, that of November 1918 was a sudden and independent outbreak, and from this point of view was more like the February Revolution in Russia, or that of April in Spain, than to the proletarian revolutions of July or October.
		While the proletarian vanguard demanded that the revolutionary workers’ democracy should exclude the ruling class from all participation in politics, the counter-revolution replied with ‘fraternity’ ‘liberty’ and ‘true democracy’, which included both exploited and exploiters, workers and bosses, peasants and landowners, soldiers and generals.
		As we have already shown, the class nature of the revolution was proletarian, and it was the proletariat which resolved the problems of the bourgeois democratic revolution (the agrarian, national and religious questions) and simultaneously began the struggle for Socialism.
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol4/No1-2/Landau.htm (10781 words)

	The TransAtlantic Assembly: The reemergence of "proletarian expropriation"
		Proletarian expropriation is a new/old form of civil disobedience in the past practiced mainly in Europe during the 1960s and 1970s, and now reappearing in Italy.
		The answer to this question is not merely important to understand the nature and limits of proletarian expropriation but also might prove instructive to understand the phenomenon of law more generally.
		In any case at least in the theoretical sense, if not in practical terms, practice of proletarian expropriation as a form of civil disobedience strikes at the very heart of the capitalist system and is explicitly asking the law to take strong, definite positions.
	transatlanticassembly.blogspot.com /2005/01/reemergence-of-proletarian.html (850 words)

	Principles of Communism (1847) By Friedrich Engels
		For, since the proletarians can be employed only by capital, and since capital extends only through employing labour, it follows that the growth of the proletariat proceeds at precisely the same pace as the growth of capital.
		Simultaneously, this process draws members of the bourgeoisie and proletarians together into the great cities where industry can be carried on most profitably, and by thus throwing great masses in one spot it gives to the proletarians a consciousness of their own strength.
		These democratic socialists are either proletarians who are not yet sufficiently clear about the conditions of the liberation of their class, or they are representatives of the petty bourgeoisie, a class which, prior to the achievement of democracy and the socialist measures to which it gives rise, has many interests in common with the proletariat.
	www.mdx.ac.uk /www/study/xeng1847.htm (5847 words)

	THE PROLETARIAN PARTY (1920-1930) history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Proletarian Party was not amenable to the formation of a legal Workers Party of America (WPA) by the Communist Party in late 1921.
		The Proletarian Party answered aggressively in the negative, declaring that it could see no reason for renouncing "sound, constructive, and honorable revolutionary action" in order to be absorbed into the "fetid swamp of sentimentalism" known as the Workers Party.
		Although the Proletarian Party had its roots in Detroit, the headquarters of the party and its publication was located in Chicago.
	www.marxists.org /subject/usa/eam/proletarianparty.html (712 words)

	proletarian - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		proletarian adj 1: the lowest class of citizens of ancient Rome who had no property [syn: propertyless] [ant: patrician, plebeian] 2: belonging to or characteristic of the proletariat n : a member of the working class (not necessarily employed); "workers of the world--unite!" [syn: prole, worker]
		See Proletary.] Of or pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence, mean; vile; vulgar.
		``Every citizen, if he were not a proletarian animal kept at the public cost.'' --De Quincey.
	dict.die.net /proletarian (78 words)

	VLADIMIR ILYICH LENIN - LIFE AND WORK
		He advanced the thesis that it was essential to propagate socialist ideas among the proletarian masses and outlined the concrete tasks facing the working class as the vanguard and leader in the movement to emancipate the toiling masses.
		According to Lenin the proletarian party is the supreme form of working class organisation, the vanguard and leader of the working class, which, as a union of persons having the same convictions, comprises class-conscious workers dedicated to the communist cause and the best representatives of other segments of the working masses.
		This conclusion was of immense importance for accomplishing a socialist revolution and represented the further development of the Marxist teaching on the proletarian state and on the forms of society's political organisation in the period of transition from capitalism to communism.
	www.rcgfrfi.easynet.co.uk /ww/lenin/llw-all.htm (19050 words)

	Proletarian Outcomes
		Proletarian Outcomes' projects are generally sensitive in nature and, therefore, we apply strict rules of confidentiality to our work and client relationships.
		All Proletarian Outcomes contracts have addressed the issue of remuneration in an exclusively monetary form.
		Proletarian Outcomes offers its rates based on durations of stay and risk assessments to personnel.
	www.devo.com /tft/proletarian/contract.html (233 words)

	Group of Proletarian Revolutionaries Collectivists
		It is necessary to change it by slogan "right of self-determination of the exploited population of territories with leading role of class self-organised proletarians.
		objectively intent on preserving and strengthening of bourgeois state) political organisations, is impossible; cooperation with individual proletarians, who are members of these organisations, must have the goal of splitting these proletarians from such organisations.
		But rank-and-file proletarians, however well their work can be paid, can't participate in exploitation of anybody and they aren't members of a "labor aristocracy" because they don`t participate in management over any economic practice (see point 1.1): an exploiter is always one who autoritarily manages over some economic practice.
	www.geocities.com /prol_rev_col/collectivism.html (1422 words)

	October Revolution & Tactics of the Russian Communists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		It is a question of the character of the proletarian power, of the foundations of the dictatorship of the proletariat itself.
		The opportunists of all countries assert that the proletarian revolution can begin — if it is to begin anywhere at all, according to their theory — only in industrially developed countries, and that the more highly developed these countries are industrially the more chances there are for the victory of socialism.
		Trotsky's "permanent revolution" is the repudiation of Lenin's theory of the proletarian revolution; and conversely, Lenin's theory of the proletarian revolution is the repudiation of the theory of "permanent revolution."
	www.marxists.org /reference/archive/stalin/works/1924/12.htm (8973 words)

	The Lessons of October by Leon Trotsky
		And the most abrupt of all turns is the turn of the proletarian party from the work of preparation and propaganda, or organization and agitation, to the immediate struggle for power, to an armed insurrection against the bourgeoisie.
		This incident of renaming the party serves as a symbolic expression of Lenin's role throughout the whole of 1917: during the sharpest turning point in history, he was all the while waging an intense struggle within the party against the day that had passed in the name of the day to come.
		The proletarian revolution is precisely distinguished by the fact that the proletariat -- in the person of its vanguard -- acts in it not only as the main offensive force but also as the guiding force.
	www.marxist.com /classics/trotsky/lessonsoct.html (18444 words)

	The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (GPCR) had been unleashed by Mao Tsetung himself, but it was never the orchestrated political demonstrations serving "palace intrigue" that the imperialists and reactionaries try to claim.
		It was a revolution because it sought to overthrow those sections of the state power that had been usurped by new exploiters and do away with those practices, customs and ideas which stood in the way of the revolution-s further advance to communism.
		And the Cultural Revolution showed that the proletarian dictatorship was not an impediment for such democracy, on the contrary it was the condition which made such democracy possible.
	www.awtw.org /back_issues/1996-22/gpcr_22_eng.htm (1629 words)

	The Militant - February 11, 2002 -- SWP leadership: join with young socialists and proletarian fighters to build the ...
		NEW YORK--"Today there are proletarian and vanguard leaders in countries all over the world," said Socialist Workers Party national secretary Jack Barnes at a meeting here of 130 people on January 26.
		The proletarian fighters and leaderships this resistance breeds lack knowledge that their actions are part of a course towards the communist movement.
		The course laid out by the speakers, explained Barnes in conclusion, is one of a proletarianization of the communist movement to maximize the ability of proletarian fighters to join the party and to gain enough experience to decide to become lifetime communists.
	www.themilitant.com /2002/6606/660603.html (3467 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Proletarian Philosophy: A Version of Pastoral? (2)
		If the proletarian philosopher refuses to play the part of sweet simplicity in the philosopher's pastoral romance, he will be consigned to a mock-heroic subplot, like the tinker in Plato who gives himself airs and hopes to marry his master's daughter.
		The basic lesson was pointed out half a century ago by William Empson, when he examined the idea that "proletarian" literature differed from pastoral in that it was not only "about" the people, but "by" and "for" them too.
		The difficulty with "proletarian literature," he confessed, was that "when it comes off I find I am taking it as pastoral literature" [28].
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/pastora2.html (1043 words)

	The Party of Proletarian Dictatorship. Introduction for Western and World Readers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		His relentlessly proletarian perspective is coupled with a deep humanistic concern for the fate of our species.
		So as, one by one, the bastions of the proletarian dictatorship were overwhelmed by the silent counterrevolution, honest communists found themselves on the horns of dilemma.
		Advanced proletarians who read it will be able to more rapidly assimilate its content, but many, even of the honest elements of the Western communist left, will find this very difficult.
	proletarism.org /hm_2_p.shtml (1345 words)

	National Democratic Revolution or Proletarian Revolution: The Tasks in Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		This characterisation did not prevent the Trotskyists from describing the Spanish events as an attempt at the proletarian revolution on the part of the masses, in spite of the content given it by the bourgeoisie and Stalinists.
		The movement in Spain was a proletarian revolution which was diverted into a 'people's bourgeois democratic movement' against fascism, in alliance with the 'shadow of the bourgeoisie', while the bourgeoisie itself was on the side of Franco.
		If the position of the IKD were to be accepted by the German proletarian vanguard, it would result in a frightful trap for the German proletariat and new misfortunes and defeats of the working class.
	www.tedgrant.org /works/4/7/tasks_in_germany.html (4037 words)

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