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Topic: Promethium

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	Promethium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The existence of promethium was first predicted by Bohuslav Brauner in 1902; this prediction was confirmed by Henry Moseley in 1914.
		Promethium is also the name of a fictional element in the DC Universe; writer Marv Wolfman claims to have been unaware of the existence of a real substance by that name at the time he wrote the original script featuring the name.
		Promethium does not naturally occur on Earth, but has been identified in the spectrum of the star HR 465 in Andromeda, and possibly HD 101065 (Przybylski's star) and HD 965 [2].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Promethium (611 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Promethium
		The existence of promethium was predicted by Branner in 1902.
		Proof of the existence of promethium was obtained by Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell in 1944.
		Promethium could also be used as a portable X-ray source, in radioisotope thermoelectric generators to provide electricity for space probes and satellites, as a source of radioactivity for gauges that measure thickness and to make lasers that can be used to communicate with submerged submarines.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele061.html (291 words)

	promethium
		Promethium, however, has been reported to be in the spectrum of the star HR465 in Andromeda.
		Thirty five isotopes and isomers of promethium, with atomic masses from 130 to 158 are now known.
		Promethium shows promise as a portable X-ray source, and it may become useful as a heat source to provide auxiliary power for space probes and satellites.
	www.speclab.com /elements/promethium.htm (480 words)

	Promethium (Pm) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Promethium is one of the rare chemicals, that can be found in houses in equipment such as colour televisions, fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps and glasses.
		The use of promethium is still growing, due to the fact that it is suited to produce catalysers and to polish glass.
		Promethium is mostly dangerous in the working environment, due to the fact that damps and gasses can be inhaled with air.
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/Pm-en.htm (240 words)

	Jacob Marinsky; co-discoverer of promethium - The Boston Globe
		Promethium salts light up in the dark with a pale blue or greenish glow due to their high radioactivity.
		Commercially, promethium, a rare earth metal, was used in such objects as watch dials.
		Since promethium decays rapidly, it was isolated much later than similar elements near it on the periodic table.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/09/09/jacob_marinsky_co_discoverer_of_promethium (420 words)

	Pm - Promethium
		Promethium, however, has beenidentified in the spectrum of the star HR465 in Andromeda.
		This element is being formedrecently near the star's surface, for no known isotope of promethium has a half-lifelonger than 17.7 years.
		Seventeen isotopes of promethium, with atomic masses from 134 to155 are now known.
	www.physlink.com /Reference/ChemicalElements/promethium.cfm (209 words)

	Promethium (comics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Marvel Comics, promethium is a magical metal found only in Belasco's Limbo.
		The heart of Limbo was once sought by the supervillain Doctor Doom as an inexhaustible energy source for his nation of Latveria.
		It should not be confused with promethium, which is an actual chemical element.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prometheum (192 words)

	Promethium (Pm) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Promethium is a radioactive metallic element that was one of the last elements to be identified.
		Promethium has been used in atomic batteries and as a beta-particle source in thickness gages.
		By capturing light in photocells which convert it into electric current, promethium can be used as a nuclear-powered battery.
	www.bayerus.com /msms/fun/pages/periodic/promethium (116 words)

	AllRefer.com - promethium, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		It must be used with caution; although the beta rays it emits are relatively harmless, they may produce X rays when they interact with atoms of heavy elements.
		Since observable quantities of the element have never been found in nature, this identification is considered the first actual discovery of the element.
		The name promethium was suggested by these investigators and adopted in 1949 by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/promethi.html (401 words)

	Promethium
		Promethium was first predicted in 1902 by Branner to exist as an element between neodymium and samarium, and confirmed by Moseley in 1914.
		Fourteen isotopes of promethium, w'ith atomic masses from 141 to 154, are now known.
		Promethium shows promise as a portable x-ray unit, and it may become useful as a heat source to provide auxiliary power for space probes and satellites.
	pte.8k.com /EL061.html (424 words)

	ORNL Review Vol. 36, No. 1, 2003 - Reactor Chemistry - Discovery of Promethium
		In 1914, one year before he was killed in action during World War I, Henry Moseley, a brilliant 26-year-old British physicist whose work influenced the final order of elements in the Periodic Table, demonstrated that element 61 should exist between the rare earths neodymium and samarium.
		In 1948 when they were working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, they proposed the name "promethium" (Pm) for element 61 after Prometheus, the Titan in Greek mythology who stole fire from heaven for human benefit.
		Promethium is a radioactive beta-emitting metal not found in the earth's crust.
	www.ornl.gov /info/ornlreview/v36_1_03/article_02.shtml (281 words)

	Matthew's Promethium Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Promethium is a highly radioactive element from the Lanthenide series.
		Promethium metal is available commercially so it is not normally necessary to make it in the laboratory.
		Promethium can be absorbed form a phosphor to produce light.
	champlain.vsb.bc.ca /Matthew.htm (169 words)

	Promethium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Promethium, Pm, is a metallic element, which is found in the lanthanide series of inner transition metals in Group IIIa of the periodic table.
		Promethium does not exist naturally on earth, and is only formed in nuclear reactions.
		Promethium has been observed spectroscopically in a star in Andromeda.
	www.ucc.ie /ucc/depts/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem061.html (64 words)

	Principal Metals-Promethium
		Promethium, however, has been identified in the spectrum of the star HR465 in Andromeda.
		Seventeen isotopes of promethium, with atomic masses from 134 to 155 are now known.
		Ion-exchange methods led to the preparation of about 10 g of premethium from atomic reactor fuel processing wastes in early 1963.
	www.principalmetals.com /utilities/61.htm (424 words)

	Jacob Marinsky, 87, Dies; Isolated Promethium Ions - New York Times
		An associate chemist at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee from 1944 to 1946, Dr. Marinsky and colleagues isolated promethium, a radioactive element, in the form of metal salts, the byproduct of atomic research in uranium fission.
		In a commercial application, promethium was used to produce luminous materials like watch dials, leading the scientists to name the element for Prometheus, the figure in Greek mythology who brought fire to mankind.
		In part because it decays rapidly, promethium "was an astounding thing to discover in the middle of the periodic table, so late in the history of science," Dr. King said.
	www.nytimes.com /2005/09/08/national/08marinsky.html?ex=1283832000&en=aee28284d2f9a622&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss (439 words)

	Telegraph \| Connected \| Cyborg found in outer space
		He used the then novel method of ion exchange: by washing a solution of salts through a series of resins to which the charged promethium ions were able to bind he could trap the metal itself.
		At about the time that unalloyed promethium first appeared on our planet, it became clear that this distant object was the strangest star in the sky.
		Their feeble, earthbound equivalent in the bomb programme gave a hint of how nature's raw materials are born when it spat out minute quantities of promethium.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2005/09/14/ecfjones14.xml&sSheet=/connected/2005/09/14/ixconnrite.html (818 words)

	promethium
		Although the chemical and physical properties of promethium are not well defined, it is similar to neodymium and samarium, the
		Periodic Table of the Elements: Promethium - Periodic Table of the Elements: Promethium 61 Pm Promethium (145) 2 · 8 · 18 23...
		Pm - Pm, symbol for the element promethium.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0840250.html (338 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : promethium : key information
		This sample is from The Elements Collection, an attractive and safely packaged collection of the 92 naturally occurring elements that is available for sale.
		Great care is required while handling promethium as a consequence of its radioactivity.
		Promethium metal is available commercially so it is not normally necessary to make it in the laboratory, which is just as well as it is difficult to separate it from as the pure metal.
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Pm/key.html (426 words)

	Halfbakery: Hirschmann Fusor 2.0
		Promethium has been found to convert light and heat to electricity more efficiently then any other known material.
		The bright light from the water will be converted to electricity by the promethium, suitable for general usage.
		The promethium plates and the nitro solution would occasionally have to be replaced, since the decay of the Promethium and the destruction of the nitro (or perhaps other highly volatile molecules) would slowly reduce the efficiency of the system.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Hirschmann_20Fusor_202_2e0 (506 words)

	Promethium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Earlt claims to the discovery of promethium date back to 1924 but these appear have been substantiated.
		In 1947, Marinsky, Glendenin, and Coryell at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, made the first chemical identification of promethium by use of ion-exchange chromatography on residues in a nuclear reactor.
		Promethium is used in solar panels to convert light radiation into an electrical current.
	www.chem.shef.ac.uk /chm131-2002/cha02nis/61.html (222 words)

	Promethium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		She proposed the that it be called prometheum after Prometheus, the Greek who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans, and this was accepted although later its spelling was changed to promethium in accordance with the spelling of most other metals.
		Several groups of scientists claimed discovery of promethium but there results were based on spectroscopic data which was later proved to be incorrect.
		Using the new technique of ion-exchange chromatography in 1945 a team of scientists (J. Marinsky, L. Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell) at Oak Ridge, Tennessee were able to separate out samples of isotope 147 of the element.
	www.science501.com /pcPm.html (199 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		A theoretical analysis of the shielding required for large amounts of promethium was made, including an analysis of the radiation contributions from Pm/sup 146/ and Pm/sup 148/ at different times after reactor discharge.
		The results are compared with experimental determinations on samples of promethium at different ages, and promethium is compared with other radionuclides which may be used in power sources.
		Shielding an aged (over 2 years) promethium oxide source to 10 mr/hr at 1 meter would require about 1/4 inch of uranium for a 100 watt source, and 2/3 inch for a 1000 watt source.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4685738 (293 words)

	61 Promethium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Promethium is one of two unstable light elements, the other being technetium.
		The longest-lived isotope of Pm has a half-life of just 17 years, so all the promethium found on earth is produced artificially or is fleeting present in miniscule amounts as a fission product from uranium.
		These glass cells contain a small quantity of luminous paint made from Pm-147 (the chloride mixed with zinc sulfide) that was used by Swiss watch makers for a period after radium luminous paints were withdrawn.
	www.theodoregray.com /PeriodicTableDisplay/Elements/061/index.s7.html (153 words)

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