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Topic: Pronator teres

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	Pronator teres muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces downward).
		The pronator teres is innervated by the median nerve.
		"Pronator teres syndrome" is one common cause of wrist pain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pronator_teres_muscle (362 words)

	Pronator quadratus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pronator quadratus is a square shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand.
		Its fibres run perpendicular to the direction of the arm, running from the most distal quarter of the anterior ulna to the distal quarter of the anterior radius.
		When pronator quadratus contracts, it pulls the lateral side of the radius towards the ulna, thus pronating the hand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pronator_quadratus (191 words)

	Median nerve
		The coracobrachialis and the pronator teres are attached to this fibro-osseous bridge.
		Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum sublimis, lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus, and thenar muscles weak objectively.
		The median nerve descends in the forearm adherent to the undersurface of the flexor digitorum sublimis and lying superficial to the flexor digitorum profundus.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/09.2-PeriphNerve-Upper/MedianNerve.html (1293 words)

	Pronator syndrome Discussion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Pronator syndrome refers to a disturbance in function of the median nerve due to some mechanical abnormality at the level of the forearm.
		Pronator syndrome is usually treated conservatively, with surgery to release pressure on the nerve an option for severe cases.
		Pronator syndrome may be an explanation for persistent or recurrent symptoms following surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome, and may be part of a double crush condition.
	www.eatonhand.com /dis/dis315.htm (152 words)

	highmediannerve
		In the pronator teres muscle, at approximately 5 to 8 cm distal to the medial epicondyle, an important branch, the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN), arises from the posterolateral surface of the nerve.
		Pronator teres-resisted pronation of the forearm (in neutral position) with symptoms being reproduced as the elbow is gradually extended
		Seyffarth H: Primary myoses in the M. Pronator Teres as a cause of lesions of the N. Medianus (the pronator syndrome).
	www.simmonsortho.com /literature/highmediannerve/highmediannerve.html (6513 words)

	Pronator Syndrome: A Cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
		Besides the pronator teres as described above, the median nerve may be compressed by a tight fibrous arch of the flexor digitorum superficialis.
		In severe cases of pronator syndrome there may be weakness in the intrinsic muscles of the hand and muscles of the forearm, but usually the weakness is not severe compared to compression at the level of the anterior interosseous nerve.
		Compression at the level of the pronator teres is determined by instructing the patient with the elbow extended to place the forearm in full pronation with the wrist in flexion.
	www.chiroweb.com /hg/13/14/26.html (740 words)

	What is Anterior Interosseous Nerve Paralysis?
		Disease affecting the branch innervated by the pronator quadratus is impossible to diagnose due to the simultaneous and compensating action of the pronator teres.
		Pronation against resistance comprises the median between the two heads of the pronator teres.
		A sectioning is performed in the radial head of the pronator teres, the trunk of the median nerve will be found, on its radial edge, extending deeper, the anterior interosseous nerve will be seen.
	www.hand-clinic.com /pop_pathology/nerve_paralysis.htm (1158 words)

	Baseball Almanac - eBook : Coaching Adult Pitchers Chapter 11
		Pronator teres muscles attach to the lateral surfaces of radius' mid-shafts.
		Pronator teres muscles attach to lateral surfaces of radius' middle one-thirds and to humeral medial epicondylar ridges.
		Pronator teres muscles are superior-most of the five humeral medial epicondyle muscles.
	www.baseball-almanac.com /chapters/cap-ch11.shtml (1142 words)

	Transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the tendons of the flexor - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the tendons of the flexor
		Of the entire group, this patient had the least function of the hand on preoperative evaluation; retrospectively, he seemed to be a poor candidate for operation, since the strength of the pronator teres muscle and the sensibility of the hand were insufficient for useful function.
		We concluded that, in selected tetraplegic patients, transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the flexor digitorum profundus tendons provides useful active flexion of the fingers.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/transfer_of_the_pronator_teres_tendon_to_the_tendons_of_the_flexor (282 words)

	Forearm Muscles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The inferior ulnar collateral artery branches off the brachial artery close to the level of the elbow joint; its anterior branch is found in the interval between the brachialis and pronator teres muscles of the cubital region.
		pronator quadratus is the deepest muscle in the distal forearm; it functions synergistically with pronator teres and has the same nerve supply
		pronator teres m., flexor carpi radialis m., palmaris longus m., flexor digitorum superficialis m., flexor digitorum profundus m.
	freepgs.com /edoctor/anatomy2.htm (4029 words)

	Differential diagnosis of CTS
		nerve enters the forearm passing between the two heads of the pronator teres and then deep to the arch of the flexor digitorum superficialis, continuing between the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm.
		pronator teres: most common site of compression caused by muscle hypertrophy or thickening of the aponeurotic fascia between the two heads of the pronator teres.
		Resisted pronation of the forearm for 30 to 60 seconds demonstrates compression at pronator teres when symptoms are reproduced.
	www.neuroland.com /nm/cts_dd.htm (406 words)

	Pronator Teres - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- pts with the pronator teres syndrome have numbness in median nerve distribution w/
		Transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus in tetraplegia.
		The pronator teres syndrome: compressive neuropathy of the median nerve.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/pronator_teres (181 words)

	AAPM&R - Case No. 42, cont
		All muscles sampled in the median nerve distribution distal to the pronator teres displayed numerous abnormalities indicating denervation and reinnervation.
		Abnormalities were isolated to the median nerve after the branch to the pronator teres.
		Following electrodiagnostic evaluation, the patient underwent exploration of the proximal median nerve on the right side and was found to have fibrous bands encircling the nerve within the bulk of the pronator teres muscle.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/9699/emg9912e.htm (679 words)

	Teres Stock Illustration Images. 13 Teres illustrations available to search from over 15 royalty free vector clip art ...
		Posterior view of the forearm showing the pronator teres...
		Anterior view of the forearm showing the pronator teres...
		Lateral view of the forearm showing the pronator teres...
	www.fotosearch.com /illustration/teres.html (218 words)

	SAQ 2 Answers
		It is better to better to understand the pattern of muscles of the forearm (any part/s of the limbs for that matter!) than try to commit to memory so many names.
		Thus, the muscles of the superficial group include two flexors of the wrist, one flexor of the fingers, pronator teres and the palmaris longus.
		The pronator teres is the "round" pronator - it has a cylindrical appearance (in contrast with the flat quadrangular pronator in the deep group).
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /hfa213/213AssemtPagesAvinash/Exam03SAQ02Ans.htm (719 words)

	pronator teres muscle (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Pronator teres is an arm muscle which has two functions:
		It is innervated by the first branch of the median nerve (C6, C7) which usually arises in the forearm but infrequently arises in the arm.
		Pronator teres forms the medial boundary of the cubital fossa and it is at this site that the muscle is palpated when it is tested by pronation against resistance.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-234487749.htm (207 words)

	eMedicine - Medial Epicondylitis : Article by Lacie Alfonso, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The pronator teres partially originates from the superoanterior medial epicondyle, but its primary origin is from the MCT (or accessory AOL).
		The flexor pronator fascia is incised, and a 2-mm rim of superficial fascia is preserved on the medial epicondyle for later repair.
		The common flexor pronator origin is then repaired to the superficial fascia with interrupted sutures, and the subcutaneous tissue and skin is closed in routine fashion (Gabel, 2000).
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic616.htm (2937 words)

	Mind-Sharpeners Directed Learning Modules
		Identify the diagnostic criterion for the pronator teres and the anterior interior interosseus syndrome and the difference between the two
		Splinting, in gentle flexion at the elbow and wrist with pronation of the forearm, and anti-inflammatory medications also play an important role in the conservative management of pronator syndromes.
		The tendinous origin of the deep head of the pronator is most often found to be the compressive structure.
	www.erworld.com /mindsharp/mindv_7.htm (2841 words)

	AAPM&R - February 1998 EMG Case
		The anterior interosseous nerve is the largest branch of the median nerve, separating from the superficial branch approximately 5-8 cm distal to the lateral epicondyle.
		forearm cast), internal pressure from excessively muscular forearms (pronator teres and forearm flexors), anomalous fibrous bands, isolated neuritis of the AIN, or a proximal lesion in the median nerve, with predominance of AIN fiber abnormality.
		An adhesion was constricting the median nerve between the two heads of the pronator teres, and this was lysed.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/9699/emg9802c.htm (577 words)

	Hand Numbness/Arm Pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Deep tendon reflexes of the left biceps, triceps, and pronator teres are 2+/2+ while the right biceps and pronator teres are 1+/2+ but the triceps reflex on this side is 2+/2+.
		The pronator teres, biceps brachii, and APB muscles were also examined in the left upper extremity but no abnormalities were detected.
		There is also noted to be isolated membrane instability in the right supraspinatus, deltoid, biceps brachii, pronator teres, and extensor carpi radialis.
	daffodil.uthscsa.edu /faculty/dumitru/emgs/focalper/case1.html (1001 words)

	A Functional Approach to Median Nerve Entrapment: A Case Report Journal of the American Chiropractic Association - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Following a comprehensive examination, the pronator teres was also implicated in the patient's symptoms.
		Carpal tunnel and pronator teres syndrome are specific diagnoses that can result from repetitive stress to the median nerve and contiguous anatomical structures that are kinetically affected.
		The objective of this case report is to delineate common muscular and kinetic chain imbalances that occur in the forearm and wrist and contribute to median nerve entrapment syndromes.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3841/is_200411/ai_n9459760 (652 words)

	Neuromyofascial pain syndromes \| David BenEliyahu
		For example, the median nerve passes between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle; the sciatic nerve passes under the piriformis, and the ulnar nerve passes through the heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
		Patients will perceive motor impairment at the thumb and finger flexors, which is a distinguishing factor between carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) and pronator teres syndrome(PTS).
		Resisted muscle testing of the pronator teres provokes the pain, as can Tinel's tap or digital pressure over the pronator teres.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/18/14/01.html (761 words)

	[No title]
		of the median nerveflexor pollicis longus m., flexor digitorum profundus m., pronator quadratus m., radius, ulna, carpal bonesanterior interosseous a.
		distal to the teres major m.)deep brachial a., superior ulnar collateral a., nutrient a., inferior ulnar collateral a.; terminal branches are the radial a.
		(radial half), flexor pollicis longus m., pronator quadratus m., abductor pollicis brevis m., flexor pollicis brevis m., opponens pollicis m., lateral 2 lumbrical mm.skin of the radial half of the palm and palmar side of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (and nail bed for these digits)the median n.
	www.uams.edu /m2004/gross_tables/8-29.doc (1237 words)

	FreeOrtho Upperlimb
		Average normal range of pronation / supination is from 710 of pronation to 810 of supination.
		This is entrapment of the median nerve between the two heads of the pronator teres.
		Treatment of pronator teres syndrome and anterior interosseous syndrome is surgical decompression.
	freeortho.com /Revision/Upper.html (3883 words)

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