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Topic: Pronator quadratus

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	Muscles of the Forearm
		It pronates the forearm at the superior and inferior radioulnar joints and is the
		The pronator quadratus also helps the interosseous membrane to hold the radius and ulna together, particularly when upward thrusts are transmitted through the wrist.
		It also assists the pronator quadratus during pronation and is a weak flexor of the forearm.
	www.videohelp.com /~vitualis/med/mmforarm.htm (1746 words)

	Median nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Deep to the pronator teres the anterior interosseus nerve (AIN) is given off which follows the anterior interosseous membrane and supplies the flexor pollicis longus, the flexor digitorum profundus and the pronator quadratus (see AIN entrapment).
		Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum sublimis, lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus, and thenar muscles weak objectively.
		The median nerve descends in the forearm adherent to the undersurface of the flexor digitorum sublimis and lying superficial to the flexor digitorum profundus.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/09.2-PeriphNerve-Upper/MedianNerve.html (1293 words)

	What is Anterior Interosseous Nerve Paralysis?
		It passes deep to the pronator quadratus and ends by sending articular branches to the wrist joint.
		Disease affecting the branch innervated by the pronator quadratus is impossible to diagnose due to the simultaneous and compensating action of the pronator teres.
		Pronation against resistance comprises the median between the two heads of the pronator teres.
	www.hand-clinic.com /pop_pathology/nerve_paralysis.htm (1158 words)

	Pronator quadratus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pronator quadratus is a square shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand.
		Its fibres run perpendicular to the direction of the arm, running from the most distal quarter of the anterior ulna to the distal quarter of the anterior radius.
		When pronator quadratus contracts, it pulls the lateral side of the radius towards the ulna, thus pronating the hand.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pronator_quadratus (191 words)

	Pronator teres muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The pronator teres is a muscle of the human body (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces downward).
		The lateral border of the muscle forms the medial boundary of triangular hollow known as the cubital fossa, which is situated in front of the elbow-joint.
		The pronator teres is innervated by the median nerve.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pronator_teres_muscle (361 words)

	Baseball Almanac - eBook : Coaching Adult Pitchers Chapter 11
		Pronator teres muscles attach to the lateral surfaces of radius' mid-shafts.
		Pronator teres muscles attach to lateral surfaces of radius' middle one-thirds and to humeral medial epicondylar ridges.
		Pronator teres muscles are superior-most of the five humeral medial epicondyle muscles.
	www.baseball-almanac.com /chapters/cap-ch11.shtml (1144 words)

	Pronator Teres - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- pts with the pronator teres syndrome have numbness in median nerve distribution w/
		Transfer of the pronator teres tendon to the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus in tetraplegia.
		The pronator teres syndrome: compressive neuropathy of the median nerve.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/pronator_teres (181 words)

	Nerves of the Upper Limb
		It lies on the brachialis muscle and passes between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle, giving branches to both.
		supply the pronator teres, pronator quadratus, all flexors except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (other half is supplied by the ulnar nerve).
		It runs between the flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor pollicis longus muscles to reach the pronator quadratus muscle.
	www.videohelp.com /~vitualis/med/uppnn.htm (794 words)

	OTA 98 Posters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Purpose: Recent cadaver studies have demonstrated that the superficial volar, deep volar, and pronator quadratus compartments of the forearm exist as distinctly separate spaces.
		A prospective study was undertaken to define the clinical significance of the three volar spaces of the forearm in compartment syndrome.
		Pronator quadratus- 48 mm Hg Æ 19 mm Hg.
	www.hwbf.org /ota/am/ota98/otapo/OTP98063.htm (455 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		tor teres and pronator quadratus Pronator Quadratus Pronator Quadratus.
		Pronator Quadratus - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics synergists: Pronator Teres ; --------------------------------------- Stabilization of the distal ulna by transfer of the.
		The pronator quadratus interposition transfer: an adjunct to The is transferred to the dorsum of the ulna, placing the muscle belly between the radius and the ulna remnant.
	webmainbon72.hauldprime.org (368 words)

	pronator quadratus (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The pronator quadratus muscle is one of the muscles of the forearm.
		Pronator quadratus acts to pronate the forearm with the assistance of pronator teres.
		Also, it helps to maintain the close relationship of the radius and ulna when for example, they are pushed apart by falling onto the outstretched hand.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/114294862.htm (176 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 220
		A prominent ridge limits the insertion of the Pronator quadratus below, and between this and the inferior border is a triangular rough surface for the attachment of the volar radiocarpal ligament.
		At the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the volar surface is the nutrient foramen, which is directed obliquely upward.
		Its lower part is narrow, and covered by the tendons of the Abductor pollicis longus and Extensor pollicis brevis.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page220.html (768 words)

	AAPM&R - February 1998 EMG Case
		The anterior interosseous nerve is the largest branch of the median nerve, separating from the superficial branch approximately 5-8 cm distal to the lateral epicondyle.
		forearm cast), internal pressure from excessively muscular forearms (pronator teres and forearm flexors), anomalous fibrous bands, isolated neuritis of the AIN, or a proximal lesion in the median nerve, with predominance of AIN fiber abnormality.
		An adhesion was constricting the median nerve between the two heads of the pronator teres, and this was lysed.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/9699/emg9802c.htm (577 words)

	[No title]
		Reflect the belly of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle proximally to expose the muscles in the deepest layer of the forearm.
		Identify the flexor digitorum profundus muscle [probe], flexor pollicis longus muscle [two probes], and pronator quadratus muscle.
		The pronator quadratus muscle, which assists in pronation of the forearm, runs transversely from ulna to radius in the distal forearm.
	www.med.uc.edu /haonline/uppext/labs/lab7/lab7_12.html (104 words)

	quadratus - profile psihologice
		Quadratus was one of the first of the Christian apologists.
		The period of the emperor Hadrian, during which Quadratus is said to have made his apology, was from 117 CE to 138 CE.
		Eusebius states (Chron.) incorrectly, however, that the appeal of Quadratus moved the emperor to issue a favourable edict.
	oregonstate.edu /~dogaruc/vizuinasmf/index.php?topic=320.0 (590 words)

	Pronator quadratus pedicled bone graft for old scaphoid fractures -- Kawai and Yamamoto 70-B (5): 829 -- Journal of ...
		Pronator quadratus pedicled bone graft for old scaphoid fractures -- Kawai and Yamamoto 70-B (5): 829 -- Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume
		Pronator quadratus pedicled bone graft for old scaphoid fractures
		Delayed union or non-union of the scaphoid was treated by a bone graft on a pronator quadratus pedicle in eight cases.
	www.jbjs.org.uk /cgi/content/abstract/70-B/5/829 (169 words)

	Forearm and Wrist Motions
		Pronator teres: humeral head: supracondylar ridge and medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar head: coronoid process
		Pronator quadratus: distal ¼ of anterior surface of the ulna
		Pronator teres: lateral surface of mid shaft of the radius
	www.lhup.edu /yingram/jennifer/webpage/Forearm_and_wrist_motions.htm (417 words)

	eMedicine - Hand, Nerve Compression Syndromes: Upper Extremity : Article by Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The nerve innervates the pronator teres, flexor capri radialis, the FDS, and the 2 radial FDP tendons.
		Anatomy: The carpal tunnel is formed by carpal bones (floor), the transverse carpal ligament (roof), the scaphoid and trapezium (radial aspect), and the pisiform and hook of the hamate (ulnar aspect).
		The symptoms are often provoked by extreme pronation of the wrist.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic300.htm (3620 words)

	The Forearm: Anatomy of Muscle Compartments and Nerves -- Boles et al. 174 (1): 151 -- American Journal of Roentgenology
		FS = flexor digitorum superficialis, FC = flexor carpi ulnaris, A = abductor pollicis longus, EC = extensor carpi radialis longus, PQ = pronator quadratus.
		I, Anterior interosseous nerve (arrowhead) is deep in relation to pronator quadratus.
		heads of the pronator teres and descends distally (Figs.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/174/1/151 (2653 words)

	Crossword by StudyStack
		Superficial- pronator teres, flexoer carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorium superficialis.
		Deep--flexor digitorium profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
		The anterior compartment is divided into 4 layers: Superficial Anterior/Deep and 2 layers of Deep: what is the order from deepest layer to most superficial?
	www.studystack.com /Crossword.jsp?studyStackId=13158 (622 words)

	Pronator Sign
		Lateral wrist x-ray, a reveals abnormal bulging of a fat plane adjacent to an area of underlying osseous injury.
		The ventral bulging of the fat plane overlying the pronator quadratus muscle has been coined the "pronator sign." Although it typically means underlying fracture is present, it may also be seen in simple soft-tissue injury of the same region.
		It is a good sign and should alert the radiologist of possible fracture when present.
	www.gentili.net /signs/17.htm (131 words)

	pronator teres and pronator quadratus
		COMMENTS: These two pronator muscles, the pronator teres and quadratus, both pronate the forearm.
		The pronator teres is more of a trouble maker, because it does the majority of the work.
		Whenever someone has wrist pain, check this muscle for tension and tenderness.
	www.deeptissue.com /learn/hand/pronator.htm (69 words)

	Stock Illustration of Anterior view of the forearm showing the pronator quadratus muscle, pronator teres muscle, and ...
		Stock Illustration of Anterior view of the forearm showing the pronator quadratus muscle, pronator teres muscle, and their skeletal attachments - Search Clip Art Drawings Illustrations and Vector EPS Images - 3D701016, 3D701016.jpg
		Anterior view of the forearm showing the pronator quadratus muscle, pronator teres muscle, and their skeletal attachments
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	www.fotosearch.com /LIF127/3d701016 (282 words)

	Stock Illustration of Lateral view of the forearm showing the pronator quadratus muscle and its skeletal attachments - ...
		Stock Illustration of Lateral view of the forearm showing the pronator quadratus muscle and its skeletal attachments - Search EPS Clip Art Drawings Illustrations and Vector Images - 3D701018, 3D701018.jpg
		Lateral view of the forearm showing the pronator quadratus muscle and its skeletal attachments
		attachments, epicondyle, forearm, head, humeral, humerus, interosseous, lateral, medial, membrane, muscle, pronate, pronator, quadratus, radius, skeletal, ulna, unlar, 3d701018 jpg, illustration, illustrations, clip art icon, clipart icons, logo, line art, eps picture, pictures, graphic, graphics, drawing, drawings, artwork, vector art, royalty free, 3d701018
	www.fotosearch.com /LIF127/3d701018 (271 words)

	Muscles of the Forearm
		Most of these tendons are held in place by the flexor retinaculum, a thickening of the deep fascia of the forearm.
		The anterior muscles of the forearm can be divided into three functional groups based on whether they pronate the forearm, flex the hand, or flex the digits.
		These muscles can also be divided into three groups based on location.
	info.med.yale.edu /anatomy/notes/upper-limb6-4.html (744 words)

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