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Topic: Pronominal

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	vpr1: pronominal verbs
		A pronominal verb is a verb that is accompanied by a reflexive pronoun.
		Pronominal verbs fall into three major classes based on their meaning: reflexive, idiomatic, and reciprocal.
		Pronominal verbs often express reflexive actions, that is, the subject performs the action on itself.
	www.laits.utexas.edu /tex/gr/vpr1.html (528 words)

	Untitled
		That is, agreement with a pronominal argument is obligatory in Welsh and the pronominal argument itself is optional.
		Pronominal coordinate structures (that is, those showing asymmetric or initial conjunct agreement, for which we are considering a head-adjunct f-structure representation) do not differ from non-pronominal coordinate structures in terms of their interaction with other syntactic phenomena.
		Coordinate structures with a pronominal initial conjunct differ from other coordinate structures only as far as the head-argument agreement between a finite verb and a subject, or a prepositional head and its object, or a nominal head and its possessor is concerned.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /LFG/4/sadler/lfg99-sadler.html (4463 words)

	Introduction to the Pronominal Approach
		The Pronominal Approach (PA) has been presented as a research method for the study of the basic structures of natural languages.
		through absence of proportionality relation with pronominal paradigms) all elements that are not part of the former "endotactic" skeleton of the language, and may thus be analyzed as "epitactic" elements.
		An introduction to the pronominal approach and its application to French within the proton dictionary is available here.
	bach.arts.kuleuven.be /PA/pa_intro.html (998 words)

	Magistarski 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On the other hand, the pronominal endings got extended to the nouns probably because of the tendency to maintain the functions of the case forms in the nominal declension.
		In several languages too, the pronominal ending *-i appeared in the declension of the nominal -o/e- stems, that is in Balto-Slavic languages, in Latin, Greek and partly in Gothic and Old Irish.
		In spite of all problems related to the interpretation of the pronominal and nominal forms in Mycenaean period, these forms are significant because they are the first written testimony for the chronology of the influence of the pronominal inflexion on the nominal inflexion.
	www.staff.amu.edu.pl /~sipkadan/MAG13.HTM (1933 words)

	Pronominal and null subject variation in Spanish: Constraints, dialects, and functional compensation.
		Pronominal and null subject variation in Spanish: Constraints, dialects, and functional compensation.
		Working within the variationist approach to language description and explanation, the purpose of this study is to discover the significant constraints on the alternation of pronominal and null subjects in the Spanish spoken in San Juan, Puerto Rico and Madrid, Spain.
		Whereas in San Juan Nonspecific TU favors pronominal expression, in Madrid it disfavors pronominal expression in relation to Specific TU.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI9227631 (386 words)

	Subjects denote topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Since evoked status is strongly associated with pronominal coding, subjects tend to be pronouns.
		The pronominal reference to the President in the relative clause guides the hearer to relate the budget to an entity in the discourse.
		Measured in terms of pronominal possessive determiners and type of relative clause modifier, lexical subjects are recoverable referents.
	ucsu.colorado.edu /~francish/deviant.html (4974 words)

	Berthold Crysmann - Syntactic Transparency of Pronominal Affixes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Approaches to bound pronominals in HPSG reflect a strict dichotomy between postlexical clitics and lexical (or phrasal) affixes, a distinction already drawn in cliticisation theories developed by Miller (1992) or Halpern (1995).
		Motivated by the rigorous application of the diagnostic criteria suggested in Zwicky and Pullum (1983) and Miller (1992), clitics in Romance languages are treated as lexical afixes, whose morphological and morphosyntactic properties are derived entirely within the lexicon (Miller and Sag 1997; Monachesi (1996).
		Weak pronominals in Polish (Kupsc 1999) and second position clitics in Serbo-Croat (Penn 1999), however, enjoy a much higher degree of syntactic transparency, favouring an analysis in terms of linearisation approaches.
	www.coli.uni-saarland.de /~crysmann/papers/SynTran.html (222 words)

	Pronominal Prefixes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pronominal prefixes are one of the most important parts of Mingo grammar, since no verb is complete without one.
		There are 60 different pronominal prefixes in Mingo, each of which can appear in a number of different forms.
		The third type of pronominal prefix, the Interactive prefixes, differ from the Agent and the Patient prefixes in a number of ways.
	mingolanguage.org /grammar/prefixes/pronominal (672 words)

	Lagelands Grammar - Pronominal adverbs
		Where a pronominal adverb and a preposition occur together, the pronominal adverb and the preposition can normally be written as one word.
		However, it is a common feature of spoken Dutch to split up the pronominal adverb and the preposition.
		Personal or demonstrative pronominal adverbs are those pronominal adverbs that 'replace' a personal pronoun or demonstrative pronoun.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /dutch/grammatica/pronominal_adverbs.htm (949 words)

	bresnan.html
		The bound pronominal subjects in Broken Oghibbeway, and bound pronominal objects and possessors in Central Hiri Motu are examples of such marked morphosyntactic structures.
		The pronominal inventory of a language is a set of pairings of instances of structural types from (13) with feature structures representing pronominal content as in (16) (Bresnan 1997a,b).
		For each possible specification of pronominal content (the `input'), the grammar of a particular language will select the optimal expression of that content (the `output') by evaluating all possible pairings of pronominal feature structures with instances of structural types, including the examples in (17), among many others.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /LFG/3/bresnan/bresnan.html (4707 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Cherokee Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Also, the Iroquoian pronominal prefixes, which are employed in every Cherokee sentence, share some easily recognizable cognates.
		The pronominal prefixes convey the person, number, and, in some cases, gender of both the subject and object of the verb.
		One rule, found in every sentence, requires that the pronominal prefix of the verb agree in person and number—and gender, when applicable—with both the subject and the object.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_006600_cherokeelang.htm (1051 words)

	Le vent en poupe - Chapitre premier - Grammaire
		An inherently pronominal verb is one that does not exist without a reflexive pronoun (e.g.
		There are no inherently pronominal verbs in English; it is even quite usual for a reflexive pronoun not to be translated when a French verb is either reflexive (e.g.
		Unless it is part of an inherently pronominal verb, in which case it has no recognisable function of its own, a reflexive pronoun acts as a direct or as an indirect object.
	www.utas.edu.au /french/language/ventenpoupe/chapitre_01/chap01gram.htm (3068 words)

	How tasks make a difference:
		The mini-lesson, also focused on pronominal verbs, was pre-recorded on videotape and lasted approximately 5 minutes.
		This suggests that the communicative value of the tasks, with or without the mini-lesson, is relatively constant, with all classes able to construct meaning from pictures or oral text as the case may be.
		Across tasks, it is clear that the mini-lesson leads students to overgeneralize the pronominal form (for example, the students may use se sonner, a non-existent pronominal verb, where sonner should be used).
	www.unb.ca /slec/Events/Actes/Lapkin.html (1485 words)

	WJMLL 4-5/99-00
		Indeed, as Lavandera (1982) argues, a major defect of the quantitative approach is to treat all occurrences of a given variable equally and thus ignore the pragmatic dimension of language in use.
		What is more, if politeness theory does contribute to an explanation of pronominal presence and absence, and indeed to the presence or absence of verbs of cognition or even speaker reference at all, then the nature of the data (in terms of speech event) is likely to influence the language obtained.
		If we accept that the function of the pronominal hedge depends on extralinguistic factors, it could be argued that yo uttered by a speaker who has the status to impose his views functions as a strengthener enabling the speaker to appeal to his own authority.
	wjmll.ncl.ac.uk /issue04-05/stewart.htm (5635 words)

	U. K. Nissen: Aspects of translating gender
		By means of different, but interrelated linguistic categories of gender (grammatical, pronominal and, especially, social gender), I intend to illustrate in this article to what extent ideological considerations play a role if the translation takes place between languages that structurally differ with respect to these categories.
		When a language that shows grammatical gender marks gender syntactically in a way unavailable to a pronominal gender language, difficulties may arise for the translator as to how to supply the information about the sex of the person in question.
		To make matters worse, the moon is later on to be pronominalized by the feminine relative pronoun sie ('that' [='she']).
	www.linguistik-online.de /11_02/nissen.html (4360 words)

	PronominalVerbs
		A verb is used pronominally (and is called a pronominal verb) when it is accompanied by an object pronoun ( me, te, se, nous, vous) of the same person as the verb.
		More common is the use of the pronominal as a sort of Passive.
		Or the pronominal form is used as an Intransitive Verb in opposition to the simple form which is used as a Transitive Verb.
	fis.ucalgary.ca /RF/GRPronominalVerbs.html (354 words)

	Pronominal doubling and the structure of the left periphery in southern Dutch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Pronominal doubling and the structure of the left periphery in southern Dutch
		In this paper we focus on pronominal subject doubling in three southern Dutch dialects.
		We first argue that, contrary to what is generally assumed, there is not one, but two types of pronominal doubling in these dialects.
	www.meertens.knaw.nl /books/synmic/abstracts/craen-kop.html (243 words)

	I Lam Arth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the essential features of the Sindarin (S) pronominal system can be predicted from a) the shape of the pronominal system in Quenya (Q) b) the phonetical shifts going back from Quenya to Common Eldarin (CE) and c) the phonetical shifts going from Common Eldarin to Sindarin.
		This consonant is, however, subject to phonetical shifts, hence we will refer to the characteristic consonant of some pronoun as the one appearing in the CE root of this pronoun.
		Conceptually, it is arguably easier to confuse QGS with Q3S than with any other singular pronominal form ("falls" vs. "he/she/it falls"), because sentences involving a verb and not expressing the pronoun in the conjugational ending are rather rare.
	sindarin.weet.us /pro_renk.html (5174 words)

	Payne.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cariban languages are spoken across the northern part of South America, and are solidly of the "OV type" in the sense of Greenbergian correlations: they uniformly have postpositions, the genitive precedes the head noun, they are dominantly suffixing languages, and auxiliary elements are suffixed to the verb or follow the verb.
		Based on both elicited and text material, this paper examines the word order and pronominal argument facts of Panare and concludes that the distribution of lexical expressions is partially sensitive to an aspect split in the language.
		This real object argument is consistently indicated by a pre-verbal piece, whether it is a lexical object expression or a bound pronominal prefix.
	www.tulane.edu /~ling/LSoRB/Abs/Payne.html (409 words)

	Summary Observations on Passive Voice Usage and Pronominal Selection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Even with those leaders with whom he had serious political disputes leading to resignations such as Jumbe in the case referred to earlier, Nyerere sought to use the features of the lecture genre to reduce face threats to those in political disgrace thus ensuring political consensus.
		Another striking observation was that Mwalimu Nyerere used a lot of hearer-exclusive first person plural pronominal reference.
		Hearer-exclusive first person plural pronominal references appear to serve the pragmatic function of "distancing" the speaker as an 'animator' (Goffman 1981:144) from his or her other role as one of the main 'authors' and 'principals' of what he/ she has to say.
	www.southcentre.org /mwalimu/articles/lwaitama/lwaitama-02.htm (702 words)

	passé composé of pronominal verbs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A pronominal verb is a verb which has a reflexive pronoun, that is, a pronoun referring back to its subject.
		In the passé composé, pronominal verbs are conjugated with
		It is important to note that, in most cases, the past participle of pronominal verbs agrees in gender and number with the gender and number of the reflexive pronoun, that is, an
	www.fayu.net /lesson/tap4.htm (196 words)

	Pronominal Approach: Publications
		The pronominal approach to verbal valency: a formal description of speak, say, tell and talk.
		Knud Togebys principles and the pronominal approach in: Schösler, Lene & Talbot, Mary (ed.) (1995) Studies in Valency I. Odense University Press.
		Pronominal feature analysis with a view to a valency description of Danish.
	bach.arts.kuleuven.ac.be /PA/pa_refs.html (1182 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.270: Verbal/pronominal feature differences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But since the subject and object prefixes in Swahili are often called "pronominal", I don't know if this counts as a distinction that can't be made by pronouns.
		Roviana has special pronominal forms used for absolutive (S ('subject of intr') or O ('object')), and different forms for A ('subject of tr').
		There are pronominal verbal affixes on the verb which are always only O. I.e.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/6/6-270.html (928 words)

	SILEWP 1998-005 Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This paper explores the relationship between the system of pronominal reference and the transitivity of clauses in discourse in the Galela language of North Halmahera.
		I show that the deletion of a pronominal verb prefix correlates with decreased clause transitivity, and thus with greater backgroundedness.
		Finally, I show that the addition of a pronominal verb prefix is the best indicator of increased clause transitivity, and thus of greater foregroundedness.
	www.sil.org /silewp/1998/005 (140 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In section 3 it is proposed that enclisis, triggered by a pronominal Numo attracted to Fo[person], may be the only factor determining obligatory V-raising beyond the position delineated by manner adverbs, suggesting in turn that (possibly only) non-inflected verbs obligatorily raise to Io, contrary to previous assumptions.
		Weak pronouns and pronominal inflectional from this perspective are syntactically identical, both originating within DP and attracted by an inflectional host, schematized in (4) (in which Doron (1988), Fassi Fehri (1993), Rouveret (1991) are cast in terms of pronominal attraction to Fo[person]).
		At the same time, the requirement for a verbal host must be violable in the presence of a higher clitic (subject or dative), showing again that obligatory V positions are largely determined by the presence of attracted pronouns.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~semconf/sichel.doc (1093 words)

	VERBOS PRONOMINALES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Con la denominación ‘construcción pronominal’ se alude, generalmente, a oraciones como las que se incluyen en los siguientes enunciados: «Yo no me arrepiento de nada», «Las modelos se maquillas cuidadosamente», «Las flores se han marchitado», «Tú te asustas enseguida», «Se vive muy bien aquí».
		La fórmula pronominal de sentido pasivo se destaca de la fórmula adjetiva por no mencional sino muy excepcionalmente al agente de la acción expresada por el verbo.
		La fluctuación actancial de la fórmula pronominal se manifiesta en este esquema: cubre toda el área pasiva, permite la combinación de los sentidos pasivo y activo en una sola expresión (interpretación reflexiva y recíproca) y llega a penetrar en el área activa (verbos intransitivos).
	www.benarabi.org /Informacion_dpto_lengua_JMM/VERBOS%20PRONOMINALES.htm (3279 words)

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