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Topic: Pronotum

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	Pronotum Shape
		The shape of the pronotum, or the anterior portion of the thorax is sometimes useful for distinguishing weevils species, especially for
		In this case two broad types of pronotum types are recognized.
		These include the pronotum shape where the sides of the pronotum are roughly parallel or linear.
	el.erdc.usace.army.mil /aqua/apis/biocontrol/html/pronotum.html (87 words)

	Guide to the Genera of New World Pleurostict Scarab Beetles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pronotum with a shallow, ovoid concavity in median half behind subapical tubercle (male) or with subapical rounded swelling (female).
		Pronotum lacking a shallow, ovoid concavity in median half behind apical margin, instead a median longitudinal sulcus or a shallow fovea either side of middle.
		Pronotum evenly convex or with a trace of an apical tubercle.
	www-museum.unl.edu /research/entomology/Guide/Dynastinae/Pentodontini/PentodontiniK.htm (710 words)

	The Elaphidiini Site / Key.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pronotum with impunctate regions and longitudinally oriented rugosities (Fig.
		12A-D, G-I); pronotal calli absent from pronotum; elytral apicolateral spines absent (Fig.
		Elytra and pronotum without dense vestiture of short pubescence; posterolateral margin of metepisternum without laterally projecting bump; (no satisfactory characters have been found to distinguish all Sphaerion from Mephritus; these characters are not consistent for all specimens).....................................
	www.sel.barc.usda.gov /Coleoptera/elaphid/key.htm (4161 words)

	ORTHOPTERA
		Pronotum laterally margined with paler colour, the hands expanding and extending inwards at the posterior angles.
		Pronotum broadly bordered anteriorly and laterally with ochreous, disc with obscure impressions.
		Pronotum rugose; sub-discoidal, anteriorly truncate in the male; sub-cucullate, posteriorly truncate and with the posterior angles produced in the female.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/kunkel/shelford/109/shelf109.html (2515 words)

	Atomariinae of Atlantic Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Some individuals are noticeably darker with elytra as pronotum and head; underparts equally dark, often with gula and median portions of visible sternites 1-4 pale.
		Pronotum: slightly wider at middle than at base; slightly sinuate between middle and base, then constricted to apex; not apparently angulate at middle.
		Head and pronotum piceous; elytra testaceous, interrupted at middle third by a piceous crossbar which extends obliquely downward from margin to suture.
	www.chebucto.ns.ca /environment/NHR/Atomaria.html (1413 words)

	APSS - Ticks and Animal Health - Morphological Characters
		This stria may be interrupted at the middle along the anterior margin or on each side of that margin at the level of the eyes or absent at the base of the lateral margins.
		The stria closest to the marginal stria is the outer lateral stria (ols) and the farthest one is the inner lateral stria (ils).
		These striae may be entire and extend from the anterior region of the pronotum to the posterior region or reduced in length to various extents.
	res2.agr.ca /ecorc/histerid/morpho_e.htm (1843 words)

	beetles
		Pronotum with gibbosity bituberculate at peak, tubercle on lateral sides of gibbosities, paired tubercles laterad of the above, and paired tubercles on frontal surface of gibbosities; fl, shining, moderately strigate-rugose, punctate with large punctures.
		Nontubercular surface of pronotum not rough, striopunctate throughout, punctures oval to elliptical.....
		Nontubercular surface of pronotum rough, coarsely punctate anteriorly, punctures round and deep, especially on yellow areas of male; punctures elongate posteriorly.....
	www.ag.auburn.edu /aaes/communications/beetles/chlamisinae.htm (1432 words)

	Family Mantidae
		Pronotum depressed, the sides nearly parallel, or gradually widening from posterior to anterior, the anterior edge therefore at least as broad as the posterior edge; no, or only a weak, supra-coxal bulge.
		Pronotum more or less arched, the anterior edge not broader than the posterior edge, the supra-coxal bulge more or less marked, occasionally spread out in lobes, the sides therefore not parallel.
		Pronotum with a markedly raised, toothed longitudinal keel.
	www.earthlife.net /insects/man-fam3.htm (1046 words)

	Orthoptera of the Northern Great Plains
		Pronotum with a purple, red, or deep blue median stripe.
		Pronotum with a red or purple median stripe which is often white centered.
		Pronotum weakly rugose on metazona only, pronotum usually with median stripe white centered.
	www.sidney.ars.usda.gov /grasshopper/extrnlpg/entomlgy/hopper/melano1.htm (400 words)

	Annual Cicadas of Arkansas
		All of the Tibicen cicadas possess a distinctive crown-shaped marking on their thorax between the pronotum and the abdomen (the pronotum is the shield-like area behind the head).
		Pronotum brown mottled with darker brown, sometimes having a bluish green stripe down the center.
		Pronotum bright forest green, usually with a lighter shade of green down the center.
	www.angelfire.com /ar/urobbie/tibicen_guide.html (1287 words)

	Ecological Archives E085-086-A2
		Landmark 1 is the suture intersection between the pronotum, the upper mesonotum, and the central mesonotum.
		Landmark 3 is the suture intersection of the pronotum, the central mesonotum, and the lower mesonotum.
		Distance from the anterodorsal margin of the pronotum to the posteroventral margin of the propodeum (Brown 1953).
	www.esapubs.org /archive/ecol/E085/086/appendix-B.htm (495 words)

	Bracteon Key
		Pronotum and elytra of typical proportions (ratio of elytral length to pronotal width 2.25-2.35).
		Pronotum with distinct, long carina inside hind angles near base; carina extended to basal edge of pronotum..........................................
		Pronotum flatter with sides at most slightly sinuate; midlateral seta absent; ed3 and ed5 generally at anterior edge of silver spots.................
	tolweb.org /accessory/Bracteon_Key?acc_id=14 (690 words)

	JIS: Tschinkel 2.12.2002
		The front half of the pronotum having no yellow, or having only a very narrow line of yellow on the anterior edge, which may be reduced to two yellow lateral anterior spots.
		Pronotum flattened, with a marked wide orange anterior border and wide lateral orange borders.
		Pronotum with a pale anterior collar and the frontal area ochraceus, sometimes darker shaded, bounded by two marked fl lines.
	www.insectscience.org /4.14 (5271 words)

	beetles
		Pronotum with postocular lobes, formed by cephalad extensions of the proepisterna........
		Pronotum and elytra punctate, elytral punctation confused basally but tending to be in rows or striae apically.
		Pronotum not quite as broad as long, with 3-toothed lateral margins; deeply rugosely punctate.
	www.ag.auburn.edu /aaes/communications/beetles/eumolpinae.htm (3537 words)

	Orthoptera of the Northern Great Plains
		Characters used in the identification of spur-throated grasshoppers are: shape of the male cercus, color of the hind tibia, color and banding pattern on the femur, and wing length.
		Groups of Bandwings are separated for identification purposes by the number of sulci crossing the median carina of the pronotum, wing patterns and hind tibial colors.
		Pronotum may be arched anteriad, tegminal sinus and lower sinus subequal in size.
	www.sidney.ars.usda.gov /grasshopper/extrnlpg/entomlgy/hopper/Key_ca2.htm (977 words)

	Key to the Pneumoridae
		Pronotum in profile not regularly arcuate, with deep constriction at posterior transverse sulcus.
		Pronotum in profile not regularly arcuate, with constriction at posterior transverse sulcus.
		Pronotum with three large teeth in prozona, median carina serrated in metazona.
	caspar.bgsu.edu /~Mooi/pneumokey.html (421 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pronotum of a worker of A. altisquamis (Tucuman, Argentina).
		The side of the pronotum is longitudinally striate, with the striate directed upwards towards the posterior, much of the mesopleuron is smooth and shiny, but the remainder has transverse striae, the side of the propodeum is mostly covered with transverse striae.
		The side of the pronotum is mostly longitudinally striate, the side of the propodeum is obliquely rugulose, and nearly the entire mesopleuron is smooth and glossy.
	www.utep.edu /leb/ants/Anochetus.doc (3087 words)

	The Ants of West Africa & the Congo Basin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pronotum dentate or lobed at the inferior angles (the mesokatepisternal tooth).
		Mesonotum angular, the basal face (anterior dorsum) on the same level as the pronotum and with the declivital (posterior) face penetrating into a strong metanotal groove.
		Pronotum dorsum with rugae arched or transverse anterior to the anastamose cup of pronotum; TL 5.5-7.0
	www.antbase.org /ants/africa/clog10l.htm (1430 words)

	Family Hymenopodidae
		Pronotum with a smooth or at most slightly beaded edge.
		Pronotum squat, shorter or at most only as long as anterior coxa; poorly defined supra-coxal bulge.
		Pronotum with expanded supracoxal lateral lobes, the whole as a result cross-shaped.
	www.earthlife.net /insects/man-fam2.htm (547 words)

	Key to families of water beetles of Russia (pupae)
		Pronotum without very long filaments (setae) at its anterior and posterior angles, but its covers are unevenly pubescent with long sitting setae or arranged on long processes.
		Pronotum with more than 1 pair of cylindrical processes (“styli”) at anterior edge or only with a group of cylindrical processes (“styli”) at anterior edge or entire surface of pronotum with numerous styli
		Pronotum with 1—2 pairs of very long filaments (setae) or sometimes covers with even pubescence.
	www.zin.ru /animalia/Coleoptera/eng/biol754.htm (370 words)

	Orthoptera of the Northern Great Plains
		Pronotum shiny, covering wings, about ½ of body length.
		Distal hindtibia with one spur (calcar) on inner margin, wing length < length of pronotum.
		Hind femur about as long as tegmina, anterior edge of pronotum straight to weakly notched at mid line.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /entomology/hopper/katydids.htm (573 words)

	Hopping Mad
		The length of the wings (5) is an important identification feature as is the shape of the ovipositor (4) of female Crickets and the shape and length of the Cerci (3) of males.
		Groundhoppers are smaller than Grasshoppers and are distinguished by their extended pronotum (as long as the body or longer).
		This has a pronotum as long as the body and a ridge along the back giving an almost 'hunch back' look.
	www.wbrc.org.uk /WorcRecd/Issue8/hopper3.htm (1307 words)

	Subfamily Photininae
		Pronotum thick, the metazone more or less as long as the anterior coxa.
		Pronotum only a little longer than broad, certainly not twice as long as broad, shorter than anterior coxa.
		Pronotum at least twice as long as broad, and as long as anterior coxa..
	www.earthlife.net /insects/man-fam4.htm (735 words)

	The Ants of Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Head, pronotum and gaster smooth and shiny; remainder of thorax matt or dull, reticulated, and puncturate as with ambigua.
		Pronotum depressed in a transverse oval; anterior 5/6 with blunt raised borders giving a strongly concave transverse profile.
		Pronotum and metasternum finely longitudinally striate; upper sides of meso and metasternum reticulate like the head, with areas of longitudinal rugae, largest on the sides.
	antbase.org /ants/africa/lepisiota.htm (6761 words)

	Nyctiborinae
		Tegmina coriaceous and together with the pronotum generally covered with a fine silky pubescence, which in the larvae extends over the whole body.
		Pronotum transversely elliptical, its posterior border as arcuate as, or more arcuate than, the anterior border.
		Pronotum transversely elliptical, more arcuate posteriorly than anteriorly, sides not deflexed.
	www.bio.umass.edu /biology/kunkel/shelford/74/shelf08.html (340 words)

	key
		Size large, 20 mm or longer; pronotum depressed discally and explanate laterally; claws with 3-5 large ventral setae.
		Scutellum cordate, emarginate along anterior margin; pronotum with lateral margin ecarinate; claws dentate at midlength.
		Scutellum subtriangular, anterior margin truncate; pronotum with carinate lateral margin; claws slender, edentate.
	nathist.sdstate.edu /smircol/Hawaii/key.htm (362 words)

	Biodiversity Counts: Dicotomous Keys
		The front wings don't have a lacy pattern; the pronotum is not pointed at the base
		The upper surface of the pronotum is convex and its sides do not look 'pinched' flat, the underside of the last abdominal segment of the female has a longitudinal slit
		The upper surface of the pronotum is not convex and its sides look 'pinched' flat, the underside of the last abdominal segment of the female does not have a longitudinal slit
	www.amnh.org /learn/biodiversity_counts/ident_help/Text_Keys/heteroptera.htm (703 words)

	Key to Species
		Pronotum with hind angles slender, subparallel to divergent, weakly to moderately carinate dorsally, disc with fine to
		Pronotum with hind angles stout, strongly carinate dorsally, disc with coarse, deep punctures and interspaces with
		Antenna shorter, not reaching hind margin of pronotum...............................................................................
	nathist.sdstate.edu /SMIRCOL/Costa_Rica/Elaters/key.htm (1207 words)

	[No title]
		.........................................................................2a 2a Pronotum with sides of basal two-thirds nearly parallel; epipleura broad, extending almost to tips of elytra, which are never truncate; metasternum reaching epipleura.
		...................................................Haliplus hoppingi Wallis 34b margins of pronotum and elytra nearly or quite continuous; base of pronotum equal to or scarcely wider than base of elytra; side margins of pronotum narrow as usual in the genus.
		........................................................................35a 35a pronotum, elytra, and venter alutaceous, giving a dull appearence; left paramere of male genitalia with hairs sparsely placed along nearly the entire ventral side, aedeagus evenly curved, not narrowed apically; 2.8 mm long; western Canada and alaska.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /biod/waterbeetles/haliplidae/key (2312 words)

	Coleoptera Families
		Posterior corners of pronotum prolonged backward into sharp points.
		Usually fl or brown often with red orange, or yellow on pronotum.
		Pronotum narrow, elytra wider at base than pronotum.
	www.ento.vt.edu /Facilities/OnCampus/IDLab/insect_orders/coleoptera_families.html (579 words)

	How to Identify Common Insect Associates of the Southern Pine Beetle
		In addition, its pronotum is short relative to the length of the elytra (fig.
		Lateral tubercles are present on the pronotum, and the legs are successively longer from front to rear.
		Xyleborus has a bellshaped pronotum that is wider than the anterior portion of the elytra.
	www.bugwood.org /barkbeetles/spb/Coleopte.html (1193 words)

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