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Topic: Propaganda model

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Manufacturing Consent

Media bias

Hostile media effect

Noam Chomsky

Mass media and public opinion

Media literacy

Mass communication

List of topics related to public relations and propaganda

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	The Propaganda Model: A Retrospective, by Edward S. Herman
		The propaganda model explains the 'elite-mass gaps,' and elite and mainstream media hostility to this mode of analysis, and refusal to allow it entry into the debate, is understandable given that the gaps are embarrassing and suggest that the media do serve a narrow elite interest.
		The propaganda model deals with extraordinarily complex sets of events, and only claims to offer a broad framework of analysis, a first approximation, that requires modification depending on local and special factors, and that may be entirely inapplicable in some cases.
		But the propaganda model does start from the premise that a critical political economy will put front and center the analysis of the locus of media control and the mechanisms by which the powerful are able to dominate the flow of messages and limit the space of contesting parties.
	www.chomsky.info /onchomsky/20031209.htm (5100 words)

	Propaganda - SourceWatch
		Propaganda shares many techniques with advertising or public relations; in fact, advertising and PR can be said to be propaganda promoting a commercial product.
		Propaganda techniques were first codified and applied in a scientific manner by journalist Walter Lippman and psychologist Edward Bernays (nephew of Sigmund Freud) early in the 20th century.
		Propaganda presents one point of view as if it were the best or only way to look at a situation.
	www.sourcewatch.org /index.php?title=Propaganda (3505 words)

	THE PROPAGANDA MODEL: A RETROSPECTIVE BY EDWARD S. HERMAN
		Because the propaganda model challenges basic premises and suggests that the media serve antidemocratic ends, it is commonly excluded from mainstream debates on media bias.
		The propaganda model explains the 'elite-mass gaps,' and elite and mainstream media hostility to this mode of analysis, and refusal to allow it entry into the debate, is understandable given that the gaps are embarrassing and suggest that the media do serve a narrow elite interest.
		But the propaganda model does start from the premise that a critical political economy will put front and center the analysis of the locus of media control and the mechanisms by which the powerful are able to dominate the flow of messages and limit the space of contesting parties.
	www.human-nature.com /reason/01/herman.html (5358 words)

	The New(s) Face of Propaganda by Massimo Ragnedda
		The function of propaganda, the Nazi leader argued, was to bring the attention of the masses to certain facts, processes and necessities `whose significance is thus for the first time placed within their field of vision'.
		The propaganda model does not assert that the media parrot the line of the current state managers in the manner of a totalitarian regime; rather, that the media reflect the consensus of powerful elites of the state-corporate [].
		A propaganda model suggests that the "societal purpose" of the media is to inculcate and defend the economic, social, and political agenda of privileged groups that dominate the domestic society and the state.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Propaganda/New(s)_Face_Propaganda.html (4559 words)

	Propaganda model - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The propaganda model is a theory advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky that seeks to explain the supposed systemic biases of the mass media in terms of structural economic causes.
		Although the model was based mainly on United States media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory applicable to any country that shares the basic economic structure which the model postulates as the cause of media biases.
		The authors summarize their theory thus: "A propaganda model has a certain initial plausibility on guided free-market assumptions that are not particularly controversial.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Propaganda_model (1871 words)

	THE PROPAGANDA MODEL: AN OVERVIEW by David Cromwell
		The propaganda model argues that there are 5 classes of 'filters' in society which determine what is 'news'; in other words, what gets printed in newspapers or broadcast by radio and television.
		Herman and Chomsky's model also explains how dissent from the mainstream is given little, or zero, coverage, while governments and big business gain easy access to the public in order to convey their state-corporate messages - for example, 'free trade is beneficial, 'globalisation is unstoppable' and 'our policies are tackling poverty'.
		This brief description of the propaganda model hardly does justice to the sophisticated and cogent analysis presented by Herman and Chomsky.
	www.medialens.org /articles/the_articles/articles_2001/dc_propaganda_model.html (1629 words)

	Propaganda Model
		This is especially true where the media actively compete, periodically attack and expose corporate and governmental malfeasance, and aggressively portray themselves as spokesmen for free speech and the general community interest.
		What is not evident (and remains undiscussed in the media) is the limited nature of such critiques, as well as the huge inequality in command of resources, and its effect both on access to a private media system and on its behavior and performance.
		A propaganda model focuses on this inequality of wealth and power and its multilevel effects on mass-media interests and choices.
	www.eclipse.net /~tgardnet/Propaganda_Model.html (1776 words)

	The Propaganda Model, revisited. By Edward S. Herman
		The propaganda model was and is in distinct contrast to the prevailing mainstream explanations -- both liberal and conservative -- of media behavior and performance.
		The propaganda model is dealing with extraordinarily complex sets of events, and only claims to offer a broad framework of analysis that requires modification depending on many local and special factors, and may be entirely inapplicable in some cases.
		The model does describe a system in which the media serve the elite, but by complex processes incorporated into the model as means whereby the powerful protect their interests naturally and without overt conspiracy.
	musictravel.free.fr /political/political7.htm (3891 words)

	Page 3 - Model Propaganda: The Sun, The Girls, The Truth
		In Ye Olde Days, the topless models on Page 3 were accompanied by just enough insight and innuendo to allow the average reader to identify with the model and perhaps imagine they would be welcome to step into their lives and treat them to a 'playful' tweak of the nipples or a 'harmless' bongo session.
		Were the model training to be an accountant, the text would playfully refer to her "ample assets" and the "bottom line".
		Until, finally, they run out of government propaganda and need something to run with while other papers concern themselves with matters such as analyses of claims made in Richard Clarke's book "Against All Enemies"...
	www.bloggerheads.com /page_3.asp (2175 words)

	Propaganda at AllExperts
		Propaganda, in this sense, serves as a corollary to censorship in which the same purpose is achieved, not by filling people's minds with approved information, but by preventing people from being confronted with opposing points of view.
		The propaganda model is a theory advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky that alleges systemic biases in the mass media and seeks to explain them in terms of structural economic causes.
		Although the model was based mainly on the characterization of United States media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory is equally applicable to any country that shares the basic economic structure and organizing principles which the model postulates as the cause of media biases.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/pr/propaganda.htm (6772 words)

	Manufacturing Consent by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky
		Propaganda campaigns on behalf of these victims would conflict with government-business-military interests and, in our model, would not be able to pass through the filtering system.
		Propaganda campaigns may be instituted either by the government or by one or more of the top media firms.
		Using a propaganda model, we would not only anticipate definitions of worth based on utility, and dichotomous attention based on the same criterion, we would also expect the news stories about worthy and unworthy victims (or enemy and friendly states) to differ in quality.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Herman%20/Manufac_Consent_Prop_Model.html (9950 words)

	PROPAGANDA SYSTEM NUMBER ONE BY EDWARD S. HERMAN
		They become a virtual propaganda arm of the government, joining with it in the common fight against "another Hitler." Under these conditions remarkable structures of disinformation can be built, institutionalized, and remain parts of historic memory even in the face of ex post confutations, which are kept out of sight.
		No government-managed propaganda system could have done a better job of mobilizing the public on the basis of systematic disinformation; and the achievement here is especially impressive given the fact that it was all done with the aim and effect of ending a liberal democracy by violence and installing a terror state.
		The U.S. propaganda system is at the peak of its powers in the early years of the 21st century, riding the wave of capitalism's triumph, U.S. global hegemony, and the confidence and effective service of the increasingly concentrated and commercialized mainstream media.
	human-nature.com /reason/01/eherman.html (3877 words)

	Propaganda model information - Search.com
		The propaganda model is a theory advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky that alleges systemic biases in the mass media and seeks to explain them in terms of structural economic causes.
		Although the model was based mainly on the characterization of United States media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory is equally applicable to any country that shares the basic economic structure and organizing principles which the model postulates as the cause of media biases.
		They also looked at what they perceived as naturally-occurring "historical control groups" where two events, similar in their relevant properties but differing in the expected media attitude towards them, are contrasted using objective measures such as coverage of key events (measured in column inches) or editorials favoring a particular issue (measured in number).
	www.search.com /reference/Propaganda_model (1976 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Propaganda model
		The propaganda model is a theory advanced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky that alleges systemic biases in the mass media and seeks to explain them in terms of structural economic causes.
		Although the model was based mainly on the characterization of United States media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory is equally applicable to any country that shares the basic economic structure and organizing principles which the model postulates as the cause of media biases.
		With the Soviet Union's collapse, proponents of the propaganda model have argued that the functionality and credibility of anti-communism has been fundamentally compromised.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Propaganda_model (2207 words)

	Goebbels' Propaganda Model as Summarized by Leonard Doob (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The purpose, content, and effectiveness of enemy propaganda, the strengths and effects of an exposé, and the nature of current propaganda campaigns determine whether enemy propaganda should be ignored or refuted.
		Material from enemy propaganda may be utilized in operations when it helps diminish that enemy's prestige or lends support to the propagandist's own objective.
		Propaganda to the home front must prevent the raising of false hopes which can be blasted by future events.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~soules/media205/goebbels.htm (328 words)

	review of The Myth of the Liberal Media
		Too radical: The propaganda model highlights the effects on journalism of the inequities of corporate capitalism, the dominance of elites, and journalists’ internalization of a powerful American ideology.
		The propaganda model is sophisticated yet simple, conveyed in plain language that ordinary people can read and understand, and modest in its claims to prediction.
		Too accurate: If the propaganda model is even a close approximation of how mainstream journalism works, then many of the principles taught in journalism schools and asserted by the industry are little more than obfuscation and denial.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~rjensen/freelance/hermanreview.htm (1746 words)

	propaganda \| Center for Media and Democracy
		The "propaganda model" that Herman and Chomsky put forward in Manufacturing Consent has made the book notable (some would say notorious) as the most influential book by serious academics to challenge the common dogma of media objectivity in the United States.
		Spiegel: For you the media as the Fourth Estate and as a fortress against propaganda is a myth: you write that in many cases the American media is nothing more than the stenographer of the powerful.
		The researchers found that O'Reilly "employed six of the seven propaganda devices nearly 13 times each minute in his editorials." The seven propaganda techniques are name-calling, glittering generalities, card stacking, bandwagon, plain folks, transfer, and testimonials.
	www.prwatch.org /taxonomy/term/101/9 (1664 words)

	propaganda.lege.net/model
		Therefore, propaganda serves the important purpose of inducing the population not to use its power.
		In the 412-page book, the two researchers present the so called propaganda model, which is a detailed theory on the process of turning critical journalists into propagandists who safeguard the interests of the elite - often without knowing it themselves.
		Hence, their articles become propaganda for a system of which most readers are probably more or less critical.
	propaganda.lege.net /model (1078 words)

	Mano Singham's Web Journal: The media propaganda model in action
		A really good propaganda model designs a system where journalists think they are acting autonomously as independent seekers of truth.
		But the real compliment to them is not that they are unbiased seekers and revealers of the truth but that the propaganda model works so invisibly there that even someone who worked within the system for so long was oblivious to its operation.
		Such a result, so convenient to this administration in persuading the public to support its illegal and immoral invasion of Iraq, could only come about due to a highly sophisticated propaganda operation where people were misled and lied to without realizing how they were being led by the nose.
	blog.case.edu /singham/2006/09/07/the_media_propaganda_model_in_action (1221 words)

	German Propaganda Archive (Guide Page)
		Propaganda was central to Nazi Germany and the German Democratic Republic.
		The German Propaganda Archive includes both propaganda itself and material produced for the guidance of propagandists.
		The goal is to help people understand the two great totalitarian systems of the twentieth century by giving them access to the primary material.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/cas/gpa (147 words)

	Poker and Casinos Propaganda not casino reviews
		online gambling Casino RM has online casino games and list Internet casino propaganda online casinos links casinoRM contact online poker can be found at online casinos from z to a as well with more games link fljack www.casinoRM.com Internet Casinos Online Casino poker from home of top casinos at casino RM
		Propaganda being marketing Information, half truths, and near lies.
		poker hands poker propaganda poker hands poker hands casino propaganda poker propaganda
	www.casinorm.com /games/propaganda.htm (115 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The propaganda model is useful in that it provides a framework for evaluation of the media.
		The model brings up certain questions and issues that should be addressed for the good of all people.
		However, even though some aspects of the propaganda model are good, the model is flawed in its scholarly application as a result of the premise and the structure of the argument.
	www.student.ipfw.edu /~szczsm01/Com518.html (130 words)

	University of Windsor - Propaganda - Full Conference Schedule
		New Frontiers for Propaganda, New Dimensions for the Propaganda Model 1
		DANILO MANDIC: "The Propaganda Model and the 1999 NATO Bombing of Yugoslavia"
		New Frontiers of Propaganda, New Dimensions for the Propaganda Model 2
	www.uwindsor.ca /units/commstudies/propaganda.nsf/inToc/D777AD1B4CFCDA5D852572D4006C400D (1116 words)

	Propaganda posters of PRC, Cultural Revolution, Mao, and other posters.
		Propaganda posters of PRC, Cultural Revolution, Mao, and other posters.
		In an age when rebelliance was encouraged by the government, the posters, one of the mass publicity methods, were very different from what you usually see.
		The eight "Revolution model operas", namely, Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy, On the Dock, Story of the Red Lamp, The Village of Shajiabang, Raid on the White Tiger Regiment, Red Detachment of Women, White-haired Girl, and Ode to the Dragon Riger, were the main art works advocated during the Cultural Reovlution.
	www.sinohits.net /posters (215 words)

	John Tunstill's World of Model Soldiers - Subscribers
		2 - Model Soldiers from 1800 to 1939
		This pic was taken from the propaganda film, The Home Front, made by the Crown Film Unit, and showing Britain's figures.
		Military Modelling, Airfix, Navy and Army Gazette, Toy Soldier Newsletter, Old Toy Soldier News, BMSS Bulletin, Guidon, Texas Military History, Soldier, The Great War, World War II, Arquebusier, Agrupacion, Sword and Lance, Spartan, etc etc.
	www.soldierssoldiers.com (589 words)

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