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Topic: Propalaeotherium

	Andalusian Horse, Andalusian Horses, Black, Grey, Spanish Horses, California, USA
		The genus Equus, to which all living equids belong, evolved a few million years ago.
		Examples of extinct horse genera include: Propalaeotherium, Mesohippus, Miohippus, Orohippus, Pliohippus, Anchitherium, Merychippus, Parahippus, Hipparion, and Hippidion.
		Horses are prey animals with flight or fight instinct.
	www.kilimanjaroranch.com /articles-andalusian-horses-2006/article-five-horse-andalusian-horses-horse-breeds.htm (6173 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Propalaeotherium
		Propalaeotherium was one of the earliest horses, and certainly one of the best known.
		Propalaeotherium lived on the forest floor in the great expanses of rainforest, which covered the land in the Eocene.
		Propalaeotherium are most closely related to modern horses, and more distantly related to other odd-toed hoofed animals (perissodactyls): the tapirs and rhinos (and the extinct brontotheres and chalicotheres).
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/434.shtml (265 words)

	Le Propalaeotherium. En Images.
		Le Propalaeotherium fait partie des Périssodactyles et de la famille des Paléothères.
		Propalaeotherium mesurait environ 50 cm de hauteur, pour environ 1,15 à 1,30 m de longueur, suivant les espèces.
		L'un des paléothères les mieux connus est Propalaeotherium hassiacum, une espèce connue dans les dépôts de l'Eocène moyen de Messel (49 Ma).
	www.dinosoria.com /propalaeotherium.htm (203 words)

	ABC - Science - Beasts - Evidence - Programme 1 - Propalaeotherium
		Answer: The early horses shown in the series are based on the smaller of two species found in the Messel shales of Germany, Propalaeotherium parvulum, which was 30-35cm at the shoulder.
		Answer: Amazingly, some of the fossil Propalaeotherium are so well preserved that we can see their stomach contents and so we know exactly what they ate.
		Some of the fossil beetles from the same place are coloured, but this is because their colour is caused by the very fine structure of their shells diffracting the light.
	www.abc.net.au /beasts/evidence/prog1/page3_2.htm (691 words)

	Pferde - Wikipedia
		Die Einteilung in Arten ist bis heute durchaus umstritten, einzig unstreitig ist, dass die drei Zebra -Arten untereinander nicht nÃ¤her als mit den anderen Arten der Familie verwandt sind.
		Die Entwicklung der Pferde ist durch Fossilien gut dokumentiert und zeigt wie aus dem hundegroÃen, laubfressenden Waldbewohner Propalaeotherium, der noch mehrere Zehen hatte, Ã¼ber einen Zeitraum von 50 Millionen Jahren, ein grasfressender, pferdegroÃer Bewohner offener Landschaften wurde, der nur noch auf der Spitze einer Zehe lÃ¤uft.
		Die Entwicklung fand hauptsÃ¤chlich in Nordamerika statt, aber immer wieder erreichten Entwicklungslinien auch die Alte Welt.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pferde (873 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Propalaeotherium isselanum is a well-known and unique specimen of the Geisel valley collection and is the logo of the museum.
		As a preliminary synthesis of the data base, already in the late 1950s some reconstructional paintings had been made on the north, south and western walls of the museum interior.
		In the center of such a painting a particular taxon is presented in its typical landscape and vegetation (gallery forest), for example Lophiodon, Anthracobunodon, Propalaeotherium and Prodissopsalis (northern wall).
	www.geologie.uni-halle.de /gm/gmenglisch.html (4547 words)

	Goethe-Institut - Research and Technology - Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		They provide evidence of an important period in the evolutionary history of mammals, which were able to develop at a rapid rate after the extinction of the dinosaurs.
		The "Messel Propalaeotherium" represents an early European side branch of the horse family tree: they were much smaller than horses today, lived in the rainforest undergrowth and fed on foliage and fruit, as was established from their teeth and stomach contents.
		The discovery of an anteater was a huge surprise for palaeontologists, since it originally came from South America.
	www.goethe.de /kug/buw/fut/thm/en401004.htm (712 words)

	DVD Bits - Region 4 and Region 1 DVD news, reviews, resources, PC-DVD, hardware
		The largest, Gastornis is as tall as a grown male and weighs up to half a tonne.
		There is also Ambulocetus (meaning walking whale), a 3 m long carnivorous water dwelling mammal and Propalaeotherium, an early form of horse.
		For each beast there is information on the time period they roamed the earth, their diet, size and weight, their closest living relative and where fossils have been located.
	www.dvdbits.com /reviews.asp?id=1030 (2256 words)

	Pferde
		Die Einteilung in Arten ist bis durchaus umstritten einzig unstreitig ist dass die Zebra -Arten untereinander nicht näher als mit den Arten der Familie verwandt sind.
		Die Entwicklung der Pferde ist durch gut dokumentiert und zeigt wie aus dem laubfressenden Waldbewohner Propalaeotherium der noch mehrere Zehen hatte über Zeitraum von 50 Millionen Jahren ein grasfressender Bewohner offener Landschaften wurde der nur noch der Spitze einer Zehe läuft.
		Die Entwicklung hauptsächlich in Nordamerika statt aber immer wieder erreichten Entwicklungslinien die Alte Welt.
	www.uni-protokolle.de /Lexikon/Pferde.html (759 words)

	BBC - Science - Beasts - Evidence - Programme 1 - Propalaeotherium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Two species of these tiny forest-living horses are known from Eocene sites in Germany.
		Even the stomach contents of Propalaeotherium were preserved, so we know exactly what they ate.
		Preservation was so good that when leaves from their stomachs were put under a microscope and shown to a botanist, they couldn't tell that the leaves were 50 million years old.
	www.nrk.no /programmer/beasts/evidence/prog1/page3.shtml (103 words)

	BBC - Science and Nature - Beasts - Propalaeotherium Detailed Evidence
		BBC - Science and Nature - Beasts - Propalaeotherium Detailed Evidence
		Answer: The Propalaeotherium shown in programme one are reconstructed from fossils found in Germany.
		Answer: Just about the only information we were missing to recreate Propalaeotherium for the programme was its natural colours.
	www.bbc.co.uk /beasts/evidence/prog1/page3_2.shtml (730 words)

	Messel Fossils
		Fossils include hoofed mammals, like the Messel horse, Propalaeotherium (of which over 70 have been found), and arboreal rodents and primates.
		Leaves and fruits have been found in their Propalaeotherium's gut, indicating that they foraged on the ground for their food.
		They have aslo been found containing embryos at different stages of development.
	palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /Palaeofiles/Lagerstatten/Messel/fossils.html (756 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - African ass (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		They all have only one functional toe (with the nail formed into a hoof) on each foot.
		Their ancestors back in the Eocene, though, like Propalaeotherium, had three on the front feet and four on the back.
		They also had pads like a cat or dog.
	www.gmvidcom.com /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/625.shtml (299 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| When birds ate horses
		The horses may have been spotted, like this modern-day one
		Two species of the tiny forest-dwelling horses, Propalaeotherium, are known from fossil evidence at Eocene sites in Germany.
		The smallest was the size of a fox terrier, and the largest about the size of a German shepherd dog.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1651601.stm (437 words)

	Article 3 - Walking with Prehistoric Beasts (TV)
		It is a three-hour documentary (narrated by Stockard Channing) following the lives of mammals in a set of six segments:
		Early Eocene (49 Mya) Europe: a family of Leptictidium, Propalaeotherium
		In contrast, not many people will recognize Propalaeotherium, Macrauchenia, and Phorusrhacos.
	www.njpaleo.com /articles/article03.html (1015 words)

	Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums -> Methane 'belch' theory gets boost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Scientists have found a series of vents in the Nordic Seas that may have burped enough methane to cause massive global warming 55 million years ago.
		Early horses: The warming benefited mammals, such as Propalaeotherium
		The early Eocene Period witnessed a dramatic increase in temperature, which was triggered by a sudden surge of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=17195 (668 words)

	WALKING WITH BEASTS RUNDOWN
		Take it with a dose of salt, though it seems largely correct.
		Episode 1: New Dawn Eocene Messel and others bits of the Eocene world, featuring _Gastornis_, _Leptictidium_ (shown hopping - correctly - and not striding I believe), the primitive primate _Godinotia_, _Propalaeotherium_ and giant Messel ants.
		Episode 2: Whale Killer Focuses I think on Late Eocene Asia with _Andrewsarchus_ as main character.
	dml.cmnh.org /2001Nov/msg00260.html (403 words)

	Excellence In Education
		Learn about the fascinating mega-fauna that once roamed the earth and swam the seas.
		Card.topics.include: Ambulocetus, Ancylotherium, Andrewsarchus, Basilosaurus, Dinofelis, Dorudon, Entelodont, Extinction, Four-tusked Elephant, General Topic Card, Giant Beaver, Giant_Shortfaced_Bear, Indricotherium, Leptictidium, Macrauchenia, Mastodon, Megaloceros, Megatherium, Moeritherium, Neanderthal, Pleistocene Epoch, Propalaeotherium, Saber-tooth Cat, Stone Age, Tasmanian Tiger, Western Camel, Woolly Mammoth, and Woolly Rhino.
		Take a world-wide expedition to discover the most exciting animals in the world.
	www.excellenceineducation.com /store/category.php?id=15§ion=funed (2671 words)

	Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geowissenschaften (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Hellmund,M. (2000): Aberrante Zahnstellung (Stellungsanomalie) in einer Mandibel von Propalaeotherium hassiacum HAUPT 1925 (Equidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) aus dem Geiseltal bei Halle (Saale).
		Investigation of natural background values of trace elements in the river basin of lower Saale (Saxony-Anhalt) based on methods of stratigraphy and soil science.
		Hellmund,M. & Koehn,C. (2000): Skelettrekonstruktion von Propalaeotherium hassiacum (Equidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia) basierend auf Funden aus dem eozänen Geiseltal (Sachsen-Anhalt, Deutschland).
	www.geo.uni-halle.de /hjgw.html (2515 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Other faunal specimens identified include: pangolin Eomanis waldi, Leptictidium nasutum, anteater Eurotamandua joresi, scaly-tailed hedgehog Pholidocerus hassiacus, Macrocranion tenerum, and Macrocranion tupaiodon.
		There were forty specimens of the primitive Messel horse Propalaeotherium parvulum whose skeleton measures approximately 50cm in length.
		Odd-toed ungulate Hallensia matthesi, crocodile Diplocynodon sp., Kopidodon macrognathus, bat Archaeonycteris pollex, and a large rodent Ailuravus macrurus have also been identified.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/wh/messel.html (2038 words)

	†Palaeotheriidae
		magnus Remy, 1998 ?- † Cantabrotherium Casanova-Cladellas and Santafé-Llopis, 1987 -- † Lophiotherium Gervais, 1849 `--+--o † Propalaeotherium Gervais, 1849
		Remy, J. A., 2001: Sur le crâne de Propalaeotherium isselanum (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Palaeotheriidae) de Pépieux (Minervois, Sud de la France).
		[About the skull of Propalaeotherium isselanum (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Palaeotheriidae) from Pépieux, southern France.]
	www.fmnh.helsinki.fi /users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Synapsida/Eutheria/Perissodactyla/Palaeotheriidae.htm (275 words)

	Geiseltalmuseum: Ansichten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Please wait for a moment while the large image is loading.
		Laden Sie ein Abbild des Wappentieres des Museums, des Urpferdchens Propalaeotherium isselanum aus dem Geiseltal!
		Please wait for a moment while the image is loading.
	www.geologie.uni-halle.de /gm/geis6.html (109 words)

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