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Topic: Propelling nozzle

	nozzle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A jet engine is a form of gas-turbine engine used in aircraft, in which the thrust is generated by a jet of exhaust gas discharged from a nozzle at the rear of the engine.
		The combustion gases then pass through a turbine, the power from which drives the compressor, after which the remaining energy in the gas is converted to kinetic energy in the exhaust cone and propelling nozzle, and ejected as a high- velocity jet.
		The configuration of the propelling nozzle is critical for maximum efficiency at a given speed.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /cgi-bin/xphrase.pl?keyword=nozzle (0 words)

	Propelling nozzle for a hypersonic engine - Patent 5165227 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A propelling nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the expansion flaps have a curved portion at an upstream edge to adapt to the outer wall of the propelling nozzle, said curved portion decreasing in a downstream direction to a straight end edge.
		A propelling nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a first of said expansion flaps, in a first position, closes off a boundary layer duct and, in a second position, connects the boundary layer duct with an expansion path of the nozzle.
		A propelling nozzle according to claim 4, further comprising a boundary layer flap operatively arranged in said boundary layer duct and interacting with the rear of the first expansion flap, said boundary layer flap being adjustable to a boundary layer flow cross-section.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5165227.html (3668 words)

	Automatic trim control for jet boat - Patent 5683275 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A small jet propelled watercraft as set forth in claim 3, wherein the condition of the water at the water inlet is determined by measuring the speed of the watercraft.
		A small jet propelled watercraft as set forth in claim 3, wherein the condition of the water at the inlet is determined by measuring the trim of the watercraft.
		A small jet propelled watercraft as set forth in claim 3, wherein the condition of the water at the water inlet is measured by measuring the condition of the water of the body in which the watercraft is operating.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5683275.html (3891 words)

	Class 244: AERONAUTICS / U.S. Patent Classification Definitions
		Propelled aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to the air, having also provision for sustentation or vertical lift by means of screw propellers arranged to develop a substantial component of thrust in a vertical direction.
		Propelled aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to the air, having also provision for sustentation or vertical lift by the downward thrust developed by flapping or reciprocating blades attached to the machines.
		Propelled aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to the air, having also provision for sustentation by the reaction to downward movement of restricted masses or jets of air or other fluid.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/def/244.htm (10607 words)

	Engine Glossary - UEET
		The increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas increases the velocity of the jet leaving the propelling nozzle and therefore increases the engine thrust.
		Any of a class of reaction engines that propel aircraft by means of the rearward discharge of a jet of fluid, usually hot exhaust gases generated by burning fuel with air drawn in from the atmosphere.
		The nozzle may be preceded by a mixer, which combines the high temperature air coming from the engine core with the lower temperature air that was bypassed in the fan.
	www.ueet.nasa.gov /glossaries/EngineGossary.html (0 words)

	Engines 101
		As the jets of gas shoot backward, the nozzle releases the air and gas mixture and the engine and the aircraft are thrust forward.
		It is a second combustion chamber positioned after the turbine and before the nozzle.The afterburner increases the temperature of the gas ahead of the nozzle.
		Modern turboprop engines are equipped with propellers that have a smaller diameter but a larger number of blades for efficient operation at much higher flight speeds.
	www.ueet.nasa.gov /engines101.php (0 words)

	Class Definition for Class 440 - MARINE PROPULSION
		Device wherein the motive force for a propelling means is derived from a motor which reacts to the undulations on the water surface or the motion imparted to the vessel by those undulations.
		Subject matter wherein the propelling means includes a broad fairly flat or moderately curved surface that is dipped into the water and is integral with the rod which connects the hub and the rim.
		Device wherein the means to control the flow around the propeller is an elongated passageway with an inlet and an outlet along the longitudinal axis of the hull, the propeller being located within or proximate the outside of the passageway but always acting at least in part on water exteriorly of the passageway.
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc440/defs440.htm (3931 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As the missile reaches a predetermined trajectory position, the inlet opening is closed to reduce thrust, to diminish the forward speed of the missile, and to cause the missile to traverse a downward trajectory toward a target, while at the same time effecting a substantial reduction in the radar cross-section of the missile.
		Against this background of known technology, the inventor has developed a missile propelled by solid rocket fuel to hypersonic velocities in which the size of the inlet opening is varied through the use of an axially translatable plug, and a computer carried on-board the missile determines the position of the plug in the inlet opening.
		Determination of the conditions necessary to effect shifting of the translating plug in the nozzle inlet opening so as to open or close the opening can be accomplished by a real-time calculation of the on-board computer during flight of the missile, or at the time of launch of the missile.
	www.desertsecrets.com /6,058,846.txt (2722 words)

	Calibrating ATV Sprayers
		Spray nozzle tips are precisely machined devices that help regulate spray flow and disperse the spray into uniform sized droplets in useful patterns (fan-shaped, hollow cone, solid cone, stream, etc.).
		Nozzle tips vary in materials from which they are made; nylon, brass, stainless steel, and ceramic.
		Nozzle tips are an expendable item and will need to be periodically replaced due to wear.
	www.whitetailinstitute.com /products/herbicides/sprayers.html (2554 words)

	physics - Propelling nozzle
		A propelling nozzle is a componet of a jet engine that is part of the tailpipe and operates to ensure that the exhaust gas's energy is maximised in the reaction throughout the engine so that the maximum thrust is achieved.
		On non-afterburning engines the nozzle is a fixed size because the differing atmospheric pressure over the operating altitudes makes little difference to the engine aerodynamics and variable nozzle use is expensive.
		Engines that are required to generate thrust quickly, from idle, us a variable area propelling nozzle in its open configuration to keep thrust to a minimum while maintaining high engine rpm.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Propelling_nozzle (186 words)

	Principles of Jet engine Operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Both propeller driven aircraft and jet engines derive their thrust from accelerating a stream of air - the main difference between the two is the amount of air accelerated.
		The exhaust nozzle which accelerates the air using the remainder of the energy added in the combustor, producing a high velocity jet exhaust.
		The cross sectional areas of the jet pipe and propelling or outlet nozzle affect turbine entry temperature, the mass flow rate, and the velocity and pressure of the exhaust jet.
	www.geocities.com /nedu537/turbine (1910 words)

	Aircraft Engine Thrust Calculations - Level 3
		Propellers are used to drive many lightweight aircraft and were the principal means of propulsion for military aircraft until the advent of the jet engine.
		As such, it is important to know how propellers work and how efficient they are.
		This is due to the combined effects of drag from the nacelle and wings upon the propeller.
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/Propulsion2.htm (408 words)

	PowerPedia:Jet Engine - PESWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Nozzles turn the high temperature gas produced by the combustion process into a jet with a high velocity relative to the vehicle.
		Another task for the nozzle is to keep the exhaust as close as possible to the ambient pressure; A difference in pressure between the exhaust and the freestream causes drag.
		At low flight speeds the nozzle is unchoked (less than a Mach number of unity), so the exhaust gas speeds up as it approaches the throat and then slows down slightly as it reaches the divergent section.
	peswiki.com /index.php/PowerPedia:Jet_engine (6649 words)

	Applications For Air Conveying Products - Glasgow Products, Inc
		Plan the nozzle pattern on the tables to be converted to air tables.
		Nozzles should be located to provide full coverage of the moving load while allowing for adequate edge clearance.
		The net effect is that the nozzle now supplies a lift pad of air 4" diameter as compared to the lift pad of 1" diameter around the head of the nozzle itself.
	www.glasgowproducts.com /applications.htm (497 words)

	FM 1-506 Chptr 3 Principles, Operation, and Construction
		The turbine nozzle area is defined as the total cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas passages at their narrowest point through the turbine nozzle.
		In all cases the nozzle assembly is made of very high-temperature, high-strength steel to withstand the direct impact of the hot high-pressure, high-velocity gas flowing from the combustion chamber.
		The rear opening of the exhaust duct is the jet nozzle, or exhaust nozzle as it is often called The nozzle acts as an orifice, the size of which determines velocity of gases as they emerge from the engine.
	www.cavalrypilot.com /fm1-506/Ch3.htm (15881 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In all rockets, the exhaust is formed from propellant, which is carried within the rocket prior to its release.
		A chemical reaction is initiated between the fuel and the oxidizer in the combustion chamber, and the resultant hot gases accelerate out of a nozzle (or nozzles) at the rearward-facing end of the rocket.
		Common mass ratios for vehicles are 20:1 for dense propellants such as liquid oxygen and kerosene, 25:1 for dense monopropellants such as hydrogen peroxide, and 10:1 for liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=rocket (3265 words)

	A New Advance in Tesla Turbine Theory
		He has proposed that the slot shaped nozzle might have been constructed in such a manner that the propelling gas was never allowed to enter directly into the two inter-discular spaces nearest to the ends of the rotor.
		In other words it is believed the nozzle slot was narrower than the overall width of the rotor, by slightly more than two spaces.
		A possible explanation is that because the thick end disks were not playing a significant part in propelling the rotor it was decided that they should not be counted.
	www.tfcbooks.com /articles/tdt6.htm (439 words)

	Web site
		The gas velocity through the nozzle guide vanes and turbine blades can be reduced as the blade speed increases, and the loss of pressure is proportional to the square of the gas speed.
		The gases finally leave the engine through the propelling nozzle which is convergent and increases the flow velocity to the speed of sound in most operating conditions.
		The variation in nozzle area also allows low specific fuel consumption to be achieved in one part of the engine operating range.
	people.bath.ac.uk /en3pjc (1815 words)

	propelling - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "propelling" is defined.
		Phrases that include propelling: self propelling, propelling pencil, propelling charge, propelling nozzle, propelling power
		Words similar to propelling: propel, propellant, propellent, propulsive, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=propelling (127 words)

	Principle
		The jet of hot gases exerts a force on the rocket, propelling it forward; this is the reaction force.
		These propellants on burning produces large amount of gas, which are allowed to pass through nozzle.
		The neck of the nozzle is kept very small as compared to the body of the rocket.
	library.thinkquest.org /03oct/02144/propulsion/principle.htm (296 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After the turbine, the gases are allowed to expand through the exhaust nozzle to atmospheric pressure, producing a high velocity jet in the exhaust plume.
		The nozzle pressure ratio on a turbojet is usually high enough for the expanding gases to reach Mach 1.0 and choke the throat.
		If, however, a convergent-divergent "de Laval" nozzle is fitted, the divergent (increasing flow area) section allows the gases to reach supersonic velocity within the nozzle itself.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=turbojet (1548 words)

	REFT website
		Propellants power the rocket and can be in the form of a solid, liquid, gas, or gel, depending on the rocket.
		When the propellants are ignited and burn, the temperatures and pressures build up in the combustion chamber, and the hot gases escape backward through the nozzle, propelling the rocket forward.
		This artifact is a wire-wrapped, stainless-steel channel nozzle that was used for actual testing of the A-Stand rocket in the years from 1957 to 1969, the period that the National Park Service defines as being the most historically significant period of the RETF.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/retf/textFiles/museumDisplay_displays.html (2910 words)

	Abrasive Blasting
		Abrasive blasting is the cleaning or preparing of a surface by forcibly propelling a stream of abrasive material against the surface using sand, glassbead, aluminum oxide, grit, slag, garnet, steel shot, slag, walnut shells, and others.
		There are three basic types of propelling methods: air pressure (suction or pressure blast), water pressure (air or hydraulic blast), or centrifugal wheel.
		The operator manipulates the blasting gun (nozzle) and positions the objects to be blasted with his hands and varies the abrasive flow and action by a treadle (pedal) type control valve.
	www.baaqmd.gov /pmt/handbook/s11c01pd.htm (3631 words)

	Corporate Jet Checkout
		A turbofan engine combines qualities of a turbojet engine with a propeller, Air is drawn into the front of the engine by a fan, which is much like a propeller.
		A substantial percentage of the air is ducted around the engine's compressor section and combustion chambers and is pushed out of the rear of the engine through the propelling nozzle.
		The portion of the air that is not ducted passes through a compressor section, which compresses the air, significantly increasing the pressure of the air.
	www.flightsimbooks.com /flightsimhandbook/CHAPTER_07_04_Corporate_Jet_Checkout.php (1561 words)

	Texas Citrus - Orchard Spraying
		Air carrier sprayers are used in citrus orchards to discharge a high velocity of air for propelling and distributing pesticides throughout the trees.
		To determine operating pressure at the nozzle, place a pressure gage in the discharge manifold or replace a nozzle with a pressure gauge.
		Arrange the nozzles to apply 70 percent of the spray to the top half of the tree and 30 percent to the bottom half (Figure 1).
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /citrus/l2293.htm (1630 words)

	www.romiposniak.8k.com
		When the water is released through a nozzle it instantly flashes to high velocity steam, propelling the rocket as described above for chemical rockets.
		To date, most steam rockets have been used for propelling land-based vehicles but there are serious proposals to use them for interplanetary spacecraft using either nuclear or solar heating as the power source.
		In these circumstances, it is necessary to carry all the propellant within the vehicle, until use.
	www.romiposniak.8k.com (795 words)

	Jet engine Summary
		Some noise reduction was achieved by introducing sound-absorbing material in the intakes and nozzles of the engines; multi-lobe exhaust nozzles that mix exhaust with outside air also reduce noise levels.
		Rocket exhaust was initially used in a modest way for fireworks but gradually progressed to propel some quite fearsome weaponry; and there the technology stalled for hundreds of years.
		The key to a practical jet engine was the gas turbine, used to extract energy to drive the compressor from the engine itself.
	www.bookrags.com /Jet_engine (7030 words)

	Military jet engines (both turbofan, turbojet)
		Dr Chepkin is one of the Russians who have taken the bull by the horns and boldly combined a fully variable nozzle with the ability to vector (point in different direction).
		The propulsive nozzle is harder, and here there is a need to minimize thermal, visual and even acoustic signatures.
		The Lockheed Martin F-117 Nighthawk nozzles are flattened slits in the trailing edge of the wing, while those of the B-2 are tucked inside deep channels above the rear part of the wing, upstream of movable trailing edges.
	engines.fighter-planes.com /jet_engine.htm (0 words)

	Erfindergalerie des DPMA: Biografiennn von Ohain
		The systems used at that time were based on reciprocating engines and propellers causing much noise and strong vibrations.
		Due to the expansion in the combustion chamber, the air passes the turbine and exits the propelling nozzle.
		The turbine drives the compressor, and the remaining energy of the air jet, expelled via the nozzle, creates the thrust.
	www.dpma.de /infos/galerie/erfindergalerie/e_bio_ohain.html (392 words)

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