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Topic: Property metaphysics

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	Metaphysics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the nature of the world.
		Metaphysics as a discipline was a central part of academic inquiry and scholarly education even before the age of Aristotle.
		Other problems that were considered metaphysical problems for centuries are now typically relegated to their own separate subheadings in philosophy, such as philosophy of religion, philosophy of mind, philosophy of perception, philosophy of language, and philosophy of science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Metaphysics (1818 words)

	Universal (metaphysics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In metaphysics, a universal is a type, a property, or a relation.
		For example, the type dog (or doghood) is a universal, as are the property red (or redness) and the relation betweenness (or being between).
		The problem of universals is an ancient problem in metaphysics concerning the nature of universals, or whether they exist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Universal_(metaphysics) (279 words)

	Plato's Middle Period Metaphysics and Epistemology
		Metaphysics, or alternatively ontology, is that branch of philosophy whose special concern is to answer the question ‘What is there?’ These expressions derive from Aristotle, Plato's student.
		The criteria and the properties which differentiate Forms and particulars are related to their respective ways of being, but mutability, extendedness, etc., are not equivalent to Partaking and they do not explain it nor are they explained by it.
		In appealing to such properties in their accounts, the sight lover can never be justified in any of his beliefs about the many beautifuls, because their accounts or reasons for their beliefs about the world must be false.
	www.science.uva.nl /~seop/archives/sum2004/entries/plato-metaphysics (17819 words)

	Prolegomena to a Metaphysics of Real Estate
		Property undoubtedly has a central place in arrangements surrounding social life, a place so central that some writers have claimed that it is impossible to imagine anything which could be called a society without some property institution.
		Property can in first approximation be conceived, a la Hohfeld, after the model of a bundle of sticks, each stick signifying a particular right, a right to use, to possess, to sub-divide, to rent, to build upon, to enjoy the usufruct from, and so on.
		Where land is brought within a system of landed property this standardly involves a whole network of persons and a corresponding partitioning of the land in such a way that the property each person owns is anchored to the property of his neighbors, in a reciprocal fashion that is peculiar to landed property.
	ontology.buffalo.edu /smith/articles/lz.html (8598 words)

	Property
		Property is a general term for rules governing access to and control of land and other material resources.
		Some have argued that property rights in a market economy ought to be treated as resistant to redistribution and perhaps as insensitive to distributive justice generally except possibly at the moment of their initial allocation (see Nozick, 1974).
		Those who are tempted to question or disrupt an existing distribution of property must recognize that far from ushering in a new era of justice, their best efforts are likely to inaugurate an era of conflict in which all bets are off and in which virtually no planning or cooperation is possible.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/property (9239 words)

	Metaphysics of Mind: Entry
		It is unlikely, however, that (hokey disjunctive properties aside) every object to which we could apply this predicate shares a ‘lower-level’ material property in virtue of which the predicate applies to it.
		A property’s dispositionality is not a part or a property of that property; it is that property.
		One side, noting that non-dispositional properties could make no difference to their bearers, argues that every property (or every first-order, or real, or natural property, I shall ignore such qualifications here) is dispositional, and concludes from this that properties are purely dispositional.
	host.uniroma3.it /progetti/kant/field/mm.htm (5573 words)

	Logic, Language and Metaphysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Two sorts of property theory are distinguished, those dealing with intensional contexts property abstracts (infinitive and gerundive phrases) and proposition abstracts (‘that’-clauses) and those dealing with predication (or instantiation) relations.
		Higher-order theories of properties, relations, and propositions (PRPs) are known to be essentially incomplete relative to their standard notions of validity.
		The culprit is found to be the predication relation, a relation on properties and relations that is expressed in natural language by the copula.
	spot.colorado.edu /~bealerg/logic.htm (1775 words)

	Metaphysics, Chapter 1, first section
		In particular, they believe metaphysics is committed to there being a real or intrinsic or essential nature of things, hence to there being a privileged kind of truth about the world (spiritual truth, or moral, or physical, or whatever).
		The kind of systematic philosophy we call metaphysics evidently is not committed to "the notion that man's essence is to be a knower of essences," though of course some varieties of systematic philosophy are so committed.
		Among the Hindus, a 13th-century thinker, Madhva, holds that the properties of entities are many and diverse, that their significance is relative to some aspect or point of view from which we describe an entity, and that each entity has its own peculiar character as a result of its different relations to other entities.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /~postjf/mcich1int.htm (2858 words)

	Emergence
		I argue that this difficulty is primarily due to an assumption of a false and inappropriate metaphysics in analyses of emergence.
		The property of being the longest pencil in a box is not of great independent interest, but there are other properties that are of deep importance that are similarly externally relational.
		Metaphysically everything is either at the micro-particle level, or else it is epiphenomenal and reducible to that level.
	www.lehigh.edu /~mhb0/emergence.html (9213 words)

	[No title]
		Metaphysical Background We will assume that there are two basic ontological categories—substance (object) and property.
		Properties are universals in the sense that one and the same property can be instantiated by different objects at the same time.
		Dualism: Mental properties are not identical to, nor necessitated by, physical properties.
	www.uwyo.edu /moffett/courses/phil3440/lecture_1.doc (666 words)

	Aristotle (384-322 BCE): General Introduction [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		For Aristotle, the subject of metaphysics deals with the first principles of scientific knowledge and the ultimate conditions of all existence.
		Slavery is a natural institution because there is a ruling and a subject class among people related to each other as soul to body; however, we must distinguish between those who are slaves by nature, and those who have become slaves merely by war and conquest.
		The communal ownership of wives and property as sketched by Plato in the Republic rests on a false conception of political society.
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/a/aristotl.htm (7037 words)

	Problems with Platonist Property Possession and Instantiation Jeffrey Grupp
		The connection between property and particular across the realms of the unlocated and the located is not an issue having to do with the attachments (property and particulars); rather, it involves the realm-crossing exemplification tie: how the platonic exemplification tie is able to connect an unlocated entity to located entities.
		Examples are easy to find, particularly in the metaphysics of time, numbers, mind, causation, ordinary objects, and religion, where philosophers often allow or argue for a connection between located and unlocated entities.
		In this way, platonistic metaphysics only involves wholly spatially located or wholly spatially unlocated entities, and in considering a lion as wholly spatially located, I am referring to the thin particular that is wholly spatially located, and which is distinct from, but tied to, wholly spatially unlocated properties, such as, sublimity.
	www.abstractatom.com /problems_with_platonist_property_possession_and_instantiation_jeffrey_grupp.htm (2788 words)

	Computational Metaphysics
		Computational metaphysics, as we practice it, is the implementation of axiomatic metaphysics in an automated reasoning environment.
		To see this, note that since (i) P and T necessarily imply the same properties, (ii) b encodes all and only the properties necessarily implied by P, and (iii) c encodes all and only the properties necessarily implied by T, then b and c encode the same properties.
		Theorem 10: Encoding a property doesn't imply exemplifying that property.
	mally.stanford.edu /cm (2235 words)

	Nagel: Mind and Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Though the problem was famously formulated as a dualism by Descartes [See footnote 2] in terms of a metaphysics of substances and properties this metaphysical framework can and has sustained a variety of ways of dealing with the seeming incompatibility of the material and the mental.
		The metaphysics of perception requires a further category of beings: namely, whatever it is that grounds the powers of things to induce ideas in a person.
		So this metaphysics allows us to sideline any form of the identity thesis, that a molecular state is the same state as the correlated phenomenological state, and to sideline any form of the causal thesis, that molecular states cause phenomenal states.
	www.massey.ac.nz /~alock/virtual/uffe.htm (9099 words)

	Lecture 1: A Map of the Mind-Body Problem
		Properties are universals in the sense that one and the same property can be
		Dualism: Some mental properties are neither identical to nor definable in terms of physical properties.
		Mental properties are not identical to, nor necessitated by, physical properties.
	www.uwyo.edu /moffett/courses/phil3440/lecture_1.html (599 words)

	property - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Property : Dictionary of Canadian Bankruptcy Terms [home, info]
		Phrases that include property: intellectual property, community property, property tax, income property, private property, more...
		Words similar to property: attribute, belongings, dimension, holding, place, prop, properties, propertyless, propertylessness, estate, material possession, more...
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=property (429 words)

	Philosophy of Metaphysics
		Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the 'biggest questions'.
		Problems that were not originally considered metaphysical have been added to metaphysics.
		What might be called the core metaphysical problems would be the ones which have always been considered metaphysical and which have never been considered not metaphysical.
	www.philosophyarchive.com /concept.php?philosophy=Metaphysics (441 words)

	Integral Visioning - Michel Bauwens: Foundation For Peer To Peer Alternatives Newsletter Issue 113
		Peer property takes the form of a number of innovative licenses, such as the GPL and the Creative Commons, which are designed to prevent the private appropriation of common efforts.
		Much land that had not been claimed as property of the nobility was set aside "for the preservation of game" (a precursor of modern wilderness preserves).
		That includes minor changes in size, shape, or properties whose impact is definitely predicted by science, as well as eliminating entire classes of ideas that are "in the air." The Patent Office should invite third-party comments and expert testimony as soon as the patent filing is made public.
	integralvisioning.org /article.php?story=p2p113 (7361 words)

	Amazon.com: The Ontology of Cyberspace: Philosophy, Law, and the Future of Intellectual Property: Books: David R. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Koepsell, Executive Director of the Center for Applied Ontology and adjunct assistant professor of philosophy at the State University of New York: Buffalo, defines terminology, identifies the problems inherent in a rapidly expanding electronic communications technology that transcends national boundaries, and has become ubiquitous in our personal, social, economic, educational, business, and literary life.
		David Koepsell is a philosophically and legally trained internet ontologist who has decisively established cyberspace as not a realm populated by virtual objects, but as an arrangement or ordinary objects (like electrical charges) resident in computers and peripherals, and nothing more.
		Any internet ontologist, any lawyer dealing with intellectual property, and anyone facinated with computers and the internet will find this book a welcome and refreshing antidote to mystical, McLuhan-esque conceptions.
	www.amazon.com /Ontology-Cyberspace-Philosophy-Intellectual-Property/dp/0812695372 (1568 words)

	Amazon.com: Intellectual Property: Patents, Trademarks, and Copyright (Nutshell Series): Books: Arthur Raphael ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Intellectual Property and Unfair Competition in a Nutshell: Intellectual Property (Nutshell Series) by Charles R. McManis
		Further, it addresses torts and property; antitrust and government regulation; concepts of federalism and state and federal conflicts.
		Intellectual Property in the New Technological Age by Robert P. Merges
	www.amazon.com /Intellectual-Property-Trademarks-Copyright-Nutshell/dp/0314235191 (989 words)

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