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	Orion proplyds, one with a twin LASER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Information at the proplyds home page explains these images are computer generated re-designed views but that the views are based on real images taken by Hubble.
		The proplyds in the above are in an area whose photo blossoms into a field dense with pale globular floating objects.
		Proplyds enhanced 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
	www.cosmicastronomy.com /public_html/proplyds.htm (562 words)

	Proplyds
		Proplyds represent a unique snapshot of a phase which presumably the Solar System once passed through envelopes are presumed to be similar to the primordial protoplanetary disk of the Sun.
		Proplyds are thus essential in our understanding of planetary system birth and early evolution.
		The spectral type appears to be an M3V-M4V and the effective temperature is 3180 K to 3380 K based on comparison with spectra od late type stars published by Kirkpatrick et al.
	campus.pari.edu /mwc/html/proplyds.html (517 words)

	Chandra :: Chronicles :: A Primer on Planet-forming Disks and Flares in Orion :: May 10, 2005
		Some of the proplyds in Orion are visible in optical light as disks in silhouette against the bright nebula.
		In some cases the proplyds are being bombarded with energetic radiation from the brightest stars in Orion, causing them to lose material in a bright, comet-like tail.
		In edge-on proplyds, the X-rays must pass through the material in the disk to reach Chandra's detectors, and thus are a probe of the gas in the disk.
	chandra.harvard.edu /chronicle/0205/orion (1009 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 324, 656-660 (1997)
		In this paper, we present the extracted spectra of five emission line knots (proplyds), which are listed in Table 1, together with the observational parameters for each object.
		In each case, an attempt was made to isolate the emission due to the proplyd itself from that due to the nebular background.
		Simulated spectra were generated from the proplyd models of Paper I, using the technique outlined in Henney (1996).
	aa.springer.de /papers/7324002/2300656/sc2.htm (1171 words)

	Orion Nebula M42, Hubble images (1)
		Four of the stars are surrounded by gas and dust trapped as the stars formed, but were left in orbit about the star.
		These are possibly protoplanetary disks, or "proplyds," that might evolve on to agglomerate planets.
		The proplyds which are closest to the hottest stars of the parent star cluster are seen as bright objects, while the object farthest from the hottest stars is seen as a dark object.
	www.seds.org /messier/more/m042_hst.html (530 words)

	Hubble Heritage
		These circumstellar rings, called protoplanetary disks, or "proplyds" for short, are believed to be the locations where planetary systems are formed.
		A proplyd in the Trifid Nebula is visible near the lower right of the main Hubble image.
		An image enlargement of the proplyd is shown in the lower left box, where its elongated shape can be seen.
	heritage.stsci.edu /2004/17/supplemental.html (545 words)

	Stellar cocoons in surprisingly harsh environment
		"This is the first large population of so-called 'proplyd' objects to be found outside of the Orion Nebula, the closest region to Earth known to be forming massive stars," said CU-Boulder postdoctoral researcher Nathan Smith of the Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy.
		The newly discovered proplyds are located in the Carina Nebula, some 7,300 light-years from Earth and are roughly 100 times the diameter of our solar system, he said.
		Astronomers assume such proplyds should evaporate faster as they are baked in UV radiation produced by the hot, massive stars.
	www.brightsurf.com /news/jan_03/EDU_news_011003_d.html (729 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		From the paper Numerous Proplyd Candidates in the Harsh Environment of the Carina Nebula by Nathan Smith, John Bally, and Jon A. Morse, published in The Astrophysical Journal, 587:L105-L108, 2003 April 20.
		A selection of closeups of proplyds is shown below, together with their caption.
		Examples of proplyd candidates seen in our Hα images of the Carina Nebula obtained with MOSAIC on the CTIO 4 m telescope.
	spiff.rit.edu /classes/phys230/lectures/sf/carina_proplyd.html (188 words)

	[7.04] NICMOS Paschen Alpha Imaging Survey of "Proplyd" Candidates in NGC 2024 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We report the results of a narrowband imaging survey of 16 young stars, which are members of the embedded young cluster NGC 2024 and associated with its H II region.
		The goal of our study is to detect and spatially resolve externally illuminated circumstellar material (``proplyds"), as prior studies have done in the case of the Trapezium cluster in M42.
		The targets were selected from VLA 3.6 cm continuum maps, and all possess compact regions of ionized gas emission coincident with an obscured infrared star.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v37n2/aas206/389.htm (353 words)

	Protoplanetary Disk Encyclopedia Article @ Faintest.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A protoplanetary disk (or proplyd) is a rotating disk of dense gas surrounding a young newly formed star (a List of unconfirmed exoplanets).
		The protoplanetary disk may be considered an Planets could put the brakes on young stars because gaseous material may be falling from the inner edge of the disk onto the surface of the star, but this process should not be confused with the accretion process thought to build up the planets themselves.
		have shown proplyds and planetary discs to be forming within the Help.
	www.faintest.org /encyclopedia/Protoplanetary_disk (746 words)

	Crucible of Creation: Panoramic Hubble Mosaic Zooms in on Maelstrom of Star Birth
		These shock waves appear as thin curved loops, sometimes with bright knots on their end (the brightest examples are near the bright star at the lower left).
		The proplyds that are closest to the Trapezium stars (image center) are shedding some of their gas and dust.
		In addition to the luminescent proplyds, seven disks are silhouetted against the bright background of the nebula.
	www.solarviews.com /cap/ds/orion2.htm (795 words)

	systemic - disks
		We see the cold proplyd from an edge-on vantage, against a diffuse background of hot glowing gas.
		It’s roughly 1400 AU across, which is more than 15 times the diameter of Neptune’s orbit, and considerably larger even than the orbits of the newly discovered Kuiper belt objects 2003 UB313, and Sedna.
		Sedna, is currently in the portion of its orbit where it is speeding (in its rather lazy, loosely bound fashion) through perihelion, and hence the dots plotted at 120.5 year intervals in that region are spaced widely apart.
	oklo.org /?p=38 (1022 words)

	Orion Nebula Using Keck Adaptive Optics System
		Schematic of a typical proplyd in Orion: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a nearby massive star eats away at the protoplanetary disk surrounding a young star creating a bubble of warm gas.
		Hubble Space Telescope image of the bright proplyds surrounding the Trapezium stars and some of the new observations of individual proplyds using the 10-m Keck II telescope with adaptive optics.
		Observing the proplyds in Orion is like trying to identify the profile of George Washington on a quarter over 20 km (13 mi) away, a feat that is impossible from the ground without adaptive optics.
	www2.keck.hawaii.edu /news/science/orion/orion.html (1221 words)

	NHS&DSFC ASTRONOMY CLUB
		This is happening to some proplyds in the Orion Nebula.
		The intense radiation from giant stars in the heart of the nebula create bow shocks in nearby proplyds as they are eroded away.
		The remaining material in the furthest reaches of the old proplyd resulted in the icy remains of the proposed Oort cloud which is where long period comets are thought to come from.
	www.neatherd.org /astronomy/SOS/Planet_hunt/planethunt.htm (1190 words)

	SPACE.com -- Animation 'Flies Through' Orion Nebula
		In many cases proplyds are accompanied by enormous jets -- much larger than the solar system -- flowing at hypersonic velocities that create spectacular celestial shock waves, said O'Dell, of Vanderbilt University.
		Since these jets are found in only a small fraction of the proplyds, O'Dell thinks that they are created only during a brief, but spectacular period during a star's formation, when the conditions of material falling into the inner region of the disk and the magnetic field configuration are in the right combination.
		Still, about 10 percent of Orion's proplyds are shielded from the destructive radiation and may ultimately evolve into planetary systems.
	space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/orion_flythrough_010501.html (771 words)

	The Spaceport V3.1 > Mega Solar Systems
		This means that it proplyd also cannot be older than about that.
		Note that the size of the proplyd, 60 Pluto diameters, is much larger than would have resulted from just a seventy mass star.
		One reasonable explanation is that the proplyd is bigger because it has not had enough time to settle out into individual planets.
	www.thespaceport.us /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t11560.html (803 words)

	Star and Planet Formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As with protostars, these proplyd fragments fill the full mass range from Gas Giant through star, and may be the source of close-orbiting binaries.
		(This occurs in the proplyd proper, as well as in the accretion disks that form around any massive objects that are forming.) The exact makeup of these grains depends on the local temperature, which starts at about 2 000 K just above the protostar at the center of the system, and decreases with distance.
		The intense stellar wind strips out any remaining gas and microscopid dust grains in the proplyd over the course of about ten million years, halting the formation of any more gaseous planets, and preventing the formation of any more proplyds.
	homepage.mac.com /pfhreak/scifisite/stars/star_evolution.html (1187 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The location of this particular proplyd is shown by the red box in the thumbnail picture at upper right in the frame.
		The star and disk together are surrounded by a dense shell of material, a remnant of the cloud which collapsed to form the star.
		This proplyd is shaped like a teardrop, as are a number of others in the Nebula.
	spiff.rit.edu /classes/phys230/lectures/sf/tutorial_6_3.txt (535 words)

	GIC - Eyestalks in nebulas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Orion proplyd is floating upward and outward eerily forth, trailing a faint (yellow) haze.
		This image is nice, (when viewed in stereo overlay by merging the two pictures together by eyesight), in revealing both that proplyds can migrate and their migratory path can be tracked.
		What is not seen is the proplyd's destination, however, the trail, being curved, suggests a cometary path such that the proplyd is being drawn back toward a strong gravitational body hidden in the murk behind the scenes
	www.cosmicastronomy.com /public_html/eyestalk.htm (1227 words)

	APOD: October 17, 1996 - Proplyds: Infant Solar Systems? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A close-up of the Orion Nebulae, it reveals what seem to be disks of dust and gas surrounding newly formed stars.
		These fuzzy blobs, called "proplyds", appear to be infant solar systems in the process of formation.
		Of the five stars in this field which spans about 0.14 light years, four appear to have associated proplyds - three bright ones and one dark one seen in silhouette against the bright nebula.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap961017.html (154 words)

	MERLIN/VLBI Biennial Report 1999-2000: Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The prime targets of this observation were the proplyds; YSOs embedded in knots of gas photo-ionised by one of the bright Trapezium stars.
		The proplyd LV2 is a superb example of a star recently formed.
		Another proplyd, LV1, was first resolved as two radio sources in 2cm VLA images and then by the HST as two optical objects separated by 400 milliarcseconds.
	www.merlin.ac.uk /biennial/astro.html (5406 words)

	Circumstellar disk
		The existence of circumstellar disks has been inferred from indirect measurements of young stellar objects, such as the spectral energy distribution, the analysis of the profiles of individual spectral lines and measurements of the polarisation of the emitted light [2].
		The infrared star, seen on the ESO images and barely visible on the HST-WFPC2 images taken at far-red optical wavelengths, is indeed situated behind the bright bow which is most conspicuous in the light of the red H-alpha spectral line, emitted by hydrogen atoms.
		The appearance of this object is thus similar to that of the proplyd sources found in the Orion Nebula.
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/circum.html (1722 words)

	SPACE.com -- Scorched! Planetary Seeds Fried by Superhot Stars
		Schematic of a typical proplyd in Orion being eaten away by Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a nearby massive star.
		These enveloping protoplanetary dust disks, or proplyds, as they are called, are in a massive struggle against mighty radiation foes.
		The outcome bears on how easy it is for planets to form in the universe, because most stars are cooked up in intense star-formation regions like those involved in the new work.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/planetary_seeds_030108.html (724 words)

	The giant HII region NGC 3603
		To the north of that is a fainter, extended area of emission, and to the west we find two "mushroom-like" structures.
		Proplyd 4 is now clearly seen to the south-west of proplyd 3; it has an extent of about 6" !!
		There are possibly 1 or 2 more proplyds towards the south-east corner of the image.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /people/Baerbel.Koribalski/ngc3603 (985 words)

	[93.11] Discover of PROPLYD-LIKE Objects in the Extreme Environment of the CARINA NEBULA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		However, the proplyds that we have detected in Carina are somewhat larger than those in Orion, and present the interesting question of why large proplyds like this have not already been seen there, where they could have been detected with ease.
		Perhaps the larger proplyds in Carina correspond to more massive disks around intermediate-mass YSO's in the H II region, like progenitors of Herbig Ae/Be stars that should be plentiful.
		In any case, more compact proplyds may still be lurking in the Carina Nebula, waiting to be discovered by HST.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v34n4/aas201/202.htm (228 words)

	The Orion Nebula
		This is visible to observers with binoculars as the Orion Nebula, which is in the middle of the region known as The Sword of Orion.
		The word Proplyd (from Proto-Planetary Disk) is an invention of the American astrophysicist C. Robert O'Dell.
		This is one of the nearest regions of very recent star formation (300,000 years ago).
	www.oarval.org /OrionNeb.htm (917 words)

	MERE
		For Jern-60 isotopen henfalder nemlig for "hurtigt" (millioner af år), til at den kan stamme fra en tidligere population supernovae.
		Undersøgelsen har vist, at når en EGG er fordampet i nærheden af en stor stjerne, efterlader den en Proplyd.
		En Proplyd er en tilsvarende, men meget mindre tåge, hvis tåreform kommer af, at strålingstrykket fra en nærliggende større stjerne, "blæser" gassen væk og danner dråbeformen.
	www.astronomibladet.dk /more.php?id=1229_0_6_0_M (543 words)

	GMOS-IFU Spectroscopy of 167-317 (LV2) Proplyd in Orion \| SpaceRef Canada - Your Daily Source of Canadian Space News
		GMOS-IFU Spectroscopy of 167-317 (LV2) Proplyd in Orion
		Comments: 26 pages, 10 figures (6 are in colors), accepted by AJ We present high spatial resolution spectroscopic observations of the proplyd 167-317 (LV2) near the Trapezium cluster in the Orion nebula, obtained during the System Verification run of the Gemini Multi Object Spectrograph (GMOS) Integral Field Unit (IFU) at the Gemini South Observatory.
		We have detected 38 forbidden and permitted emission lines associated with the proplyd and its redshifted jet.
	www.spaceref.ca /news/viewsr.html?pid=17689 (558 words)

	RevMexAA (Serie de Conferencias), 13, 59-65 (2002) (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		An Ionized Microjet From The Orion Nebula Proplyd Lv 2 W. Henney, J....
		Abstract: We present results of multi-wavelength observations of the Orion nebula proplyd LV 2 (M42 167-317), concentrating on our analysis of the microjet that emerges from the proplyd's ionization front.
		The microjet is one-sided at its base but faint, symmetrical jet laments are seen on both sides at arcsecond scales.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /651866.html (229 words)

	Astroprof’s Page » Pulsar Planets
		This disk, called a proplyd, is the site of forming planets.
		This leads to the possibility that these are secondary planets, formed out of fallback from the debris cloud created by the supernova.
		The suggestion that pulsar planets might be formed as secondary planets is strengthened by the announcement just a couple months ago by a team of astronomers let by MIT’s Deepto Chakrabarty of a dusty disk of material, similar to a proplyd, surrounding the pulsar 4U 0142+61.
	astroprofspage.com /archives/35 (1638 words)

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