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Topic: Propofol

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	Propofol
		Propofol may be of particular usefulness for use in Greyhounds and in patients with preexisting cardiac dysrhythmias.
		In dogs, propofol’s labeled indications are: 1) for induction of anesthesia; 2) for maintenance of anesthesia for up to 20 minutes; 3) for induction of general anesthesia where maintenance is provided inhalant anesthetics.
		Propofol’s short duration of action is principally due to its rapid redistribution from the CNS to other tissues.
	www.elephantcare.org /Drugs/propofol.htm (1347 words)

	Propofol Prescribing Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The octanol/water partition coefficient for propofol is 6761:1 at a pH of 6-8.5.
		Propofol injectable emulsion is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent for use in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia or sedation.
		Propofol injectable emulsion is an IV sedative-hypnotic agent that can be used for both induction and/or maintenance of anesthesia as part of a balanced anesthetic technique for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults and in children 3 years of age or older.
	baxftp.baxter.com /pub/product_info/propofol_pi.html (9198 words)

	Propofol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent used for the induction of general anesthesia in adult patients and pediatric patients older than 3 years of age; maintenance of general anesthesia in adult patients and pediatric patients older than 2 months of age; and intensive care unit (ICU) sedation for intubated, mechanically ventilated adults.
		Propofol is approved for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in more than 50 countries.
		The current preparation is 1% propofol solubilised with 2.25% glycerol, 10% soybean oil and 1.2% purified egg phospholipid, and has a pH between 6.0 and 8.5 and a pKa of 11.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Propofol (394 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Anesthetics, General (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Propofol is used sometimes in patients in intensive care units in hospitals to cause unconsciousness.
		Although studies in animals have not shown propofol to cause birth defects, it has been shown to cause deaths in nursing mothers and their offspring when given in doses usually many times the human dose.
		Propofol should not be used in critically ill children to help the children withstand the stress of being in the intensive care unit.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203043.html (1719 words)

	TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHESIA WITH PROPOFOL
		Propofol anaesthesia was induced with an intravenous loading dose of 5mg/kg and maintained either by repeat bolus injections (RBI) of 2.5mg/kg as needed or a continuous infusion rate (CIR) of 0.17mg/kg/min.
		Propofol anaesthesia was maintained for a period of about 90 min by either repeat bolus injection (RBI) with hand-held syringe at a dose rate of 2.5mg/kg each time as needed or a continuous infusion rate (CIR) of 0.17mg/kg/min by gravity flow.
		Propofol also caused a decrease in mean RR (figure 1) possibly by depressing central inspiratory drive and the ventilatory response to arterial carbon dioxide tension (14).
	www.isrvma.org /article/57_4_2.htm (3349 words)

	Ketamine and Propofol
		Recent studies have demonstrated that the coadministration of propofol and ketamine prevents ketamine induced psychic disturbances.1 The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of propofol in combination with ketamine to propofol alone for intravenous sedation during laparoscopic tubal ligation.
		Ketamine was mixed with propofol to achieve a final concentration of 1 mg/ml of ketamine.
		Prospective studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of ketamine with propofol in ambulatory surgery.
	www.unc.edu /~rvp/CVDocs/KetProp.html (471 words)

	Patient-maintained sedation for oral surgery using a target-controlled infusion of propofol - a pilot study
		Patient-controlled sedation with propofol TCI has been shown to be safe and effective in reducing pre-operative anxiety levels when used to provide intra-operative sedation for patients undergoing surgery, with no patients becoming oversedated, premedication for day case patients and most recently in patients undergoing endoscopic examination.
		Propofol TCI was delivered via a Graseby 3400 infusion pump controlled by a microprocessor system programmed with the pharmacokinetic data describing the distribution and elimination of propofol.
		Propofol (1% with lidocaine 20 mg per 50 ml to decrease pain on injection) was started at an initial target blood concentration of 1.5 μg/ml.
	www.nature.com /bdj/journal/v194/n1/full/4802412a.html (2407 words)

	Propofol Information from Drugs.com
		Propofol is a drug that reduces anxiety and tension, and promotes relaxation and sleep or loss of consciousness.
		Propofol provides loss of awareness for short diagnostic tests and surgical procedures, sleep at the beginning of surgery, and supplements other types of general anesthetics.
		Propofol is a very short-acting drug, and its effects generally wear off in just a few hours.
	www.drugs.com /propofol.html (630 words)

	Propofol ( Diprivan ) : pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties
		Comparative studies have shown propofol to be at least as effective as thiopentone, methohexitone or etomidate for anaesthesia during general surgery.
		Additionally, a small number of studies of induction and maintenance of anaesthesia have found propofol to be a suitable alternative to induction with thiopentone and maintenance with halothane, isoflurane or enflurane.
		Propofol is particularly suitable for outpatient surgery since it provides superior operating conditions to methohexitone (particularly less movement), and rapid recovery in the postoperative period associated with a low incidence of nausea and vomiting.
	www.general-anaesthesia.com /propofol.html (312 words)

	Diprivan Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Studies, Metabolism - Propofol - RxList Monographs
		Pharmacodynamic properties of propofol are dependent upon the therapeutic blood propofol concentrations.
		The pharmacokinetics of propofol are well described by a three compartment linear model with compartments representing the plasma, rapidly equilibrating tissues, and slowly equilibrating tissues.
		Pediatrics: The pharmacokinetics of propofol were studied in 53 children between the ages of 3 and 12 years who received DIPRIVAN Injectable Emulsion for periods of approximately 1-2 hours.
	www.rxlist.com /cgi/generic2/propof_cp.htm (4559 words)

	Nitric Oxide and Propofol
		Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, is similar in chemical structure to the active nucleus of antioxidant substances such as alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), butylhydroxytoluene and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
		The ability of propofol to inhibit the formation of lipid peroxides has been found in several media in which free radicals are produced, e.g., liver and brain microsomes in the rat (16), liver mitochondria in the rat (18, 23), and chemical media enriched in arachidonic acid or linoleic acid (17, 25).
		The ability of propofol to defend against peroxide-induced inhibition of glutamate clearance may prevent the pathologic increase in extracellular glutamate at synapses, and thus delay or prevent the onset of excitotoxic neuronal death (40, 170).
	www.priory.com /pharmol/propofol.htm (5152 words)

	The General Anesthetic Propofol Slows Deactivation and Desensitization of GABAA Receptors -- Bai et al. 19 (24): 10635 ...
		Propofol increased the peak amplitude and charge transfer associated with the responses, an effect that was reversed after the washout of propofol.
		Note that in the absence or presence of propofol, the decay of the 30th response was accelerated compared with the initial response.
		Propofol thus appears to slow the onset of slow desensitization to the same extent that it reduces the deactivation rate.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/19/24/10635 (6771 words)

	FDA Propofol Petition
		ASA's letter urges FDA to retain the warning label limiting the use of propofol to clinicians trained in the administration of general anesthesia and not involved in the conduct of the surgical/diagnostic procedure.
		Physicians administering propofol must be thoroughly trained to identify and treat immediately patients who lose an airway or who experience cardiovascular difficulties, as well as in the pharmacodynamics of propofol.
		Because of the potential for life-threatening emergencies, the physician who is administering propofol must not simultaneously be performing the endoscopy -- there must be a dedicated, trained, independent clinician observing the patient continuously.
	www.asahq.org /news/ASAresponse.htm (248 words)

	CiteULike: Propofol by infusion protocol for ED procedural sedation.
		CiteULike: Propofol by infusion protocol for ED procedural sedation.
		Propofol by infusion protocol for ED procedural sedation.
		Propofol use was at the discretion of the ordering physician and dosed by predetermined infusion protocol.
	www.citeulike.org /user/bfr/article/822260 (539 words)

	Propofol sedation: Who should administer?
		Believing that propofol was "used all the time in ICU," a gastroenterologist asked a nurse to prepare "10 mL" (10 mg/mL) of the drug for a patient undergoing endoscopy in his room.
		Propofol dosing and titration is variable, based on the patient's tolerance to the drug.
		If nurse-administered propofol is acceptable, specify the circumstances and required education and mentorship that must be accomplished beforehand, and competencies that must be evaluated and met periodically (ACLS certification alone is not sufficient (2)).
	www.ismp.org /Newsletters/acutecare/articles/20051103.asp (995 words)

	APPGuide Online - Consumer Medicine Information - PROPOFOL INJECTION - CMI
		Propofol Injection is used as a short-acting general anaesthetic that can be given into the blood stream through a needle.
		Propofol can also be given to adults slowly in low doses if you need to be sedated or sleepy, but do not need the heavy sleep of anaesthesia.
		Propofol Injection is given by an injection into a vein, usually in the forearm or the back of the hand.
	www.appco.com.au /appguide/drug.asp?drug_id=00071301&t=cmi (1422 words)

	Use of propofol sedation in the paediatric emergency department
		This syndrome appears to occur primarily with long term propofol use in critically ill children who often have serious underlying pathology or are being treated with multiple drugs that may alter propofol metabolism, rather than with the use of propofol for brief procedural sedation.
		Propofol can interact in a synergistic manner with opioids as well as decrease elimination and distribution clearance of opioids related to the metabolic alteration of opioid clearance.
		It should be remembered by all clinicians using propofol that this agent was developed initially for use in the operating room, and thus, patients undergoing sedation for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures with propofol (or indeed, any conscious sedation) should be carefully monitored (9,10).
	www.pulsus.com /Paeds/08_08/chan_ed.htm (1041 words)

	Propofol (marketed as Diprivan and as generic products) Information
		FDA is issuing this alert to inform healthcare professionals about several clusters of patients who have experienced chills, fever, and body aches shortly after receiving propofol for sedation or general anesthesia.
		FDA has tested multiple units of propofol vials and lots used in patients who have experienced these symptoms and to date, these tests have not identified any vials contaminated with bacteria or endotoxins.
		FDA recommends that healthcare professionals who administer propofol for sedation or general anesthesia carefully follow the recommendations for handling and use found in the current product labeling.
	www.fda.gov /cder/drug/infopage/propofol/default.htm (281 words)

	Propofol : Epilepsy.com/Professionals
		In epilepsy patients who underwent dental procedures, administration of propofol in subanesthetic doses to achieve conscious sedation did not provoke seizures or enhance any interictal epileptiform activity.
		One study showed that administration of calcium chloride minimizes the hemodynamic effects of propofol in patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting, and thereafter it may potentially reduce postoperative epileptic paroxysms in these patients.
		9 Recent studies indicate that the synergetic sedation with propofol and midazolam in intensive care patients after coronary artery bypass grafting reduces hemodynamic impairment, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of postoperative seizures.
	professionals.epilepsy.com /page/general_propofol.html (361 words)

	Clinical Trial: Propofol Injection for Daily Headache
		Krusz et al reports the effects of subanesthetic doses of intravenous propofol on chronic migraine in a cohort of 77 subjects in an open-label study22 Propofol was administered by intermittent boluses; the average dose used was 110mg.
		Significance and importance Although it is reasonably argued that propofol sedation can be administered safely by non-anesthetists, there is still the possibility of serious airway complications and cardiorespiratory depression.43 The administration of propofol should not be undertaken lightly and certainly not used for an indication that has not been subject to rigorous trial.
		If subanesthetic doses of propofol are found to be effective in reducing chronic daily headache we become armed with a relatively safe non- narcotic intervention for this extremely disabling disorder that could be provided at a variety of centres e.g., emergency rooms, pain clinics, neurological facilities.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00228267 (2635 words)

	Propofol / Diprivan Lawsuit News Article - Causes of Heart Attack: Propofol May Cause Heart Attacks - Find Trial ...
		The anesthetic drug Propofol (Diprivan) may cause heart attacks in those patients suffering from head trauma and subsequently on ventilation in an Intensive Care Unit.
		This possibility became apparent after five head injury patients in the ICU on ventilation received the anesthetic Propofol and died of heart attacks.
		There may be a relationship between "long-term, high-dose Propofol infusion and cardiac disorders" according to the researchers.
	www.injuryboard.com /view.cfm/Article=168 (374 words)

	US court rules against Mayne on propofol - Breaking News - Business - Breaking News
		Propofol is used to induce and maintain general anaesthesia and sedation in patients.
		The decision follows a finding in 2005 by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York that Mayne's propofol formulation infringed patents held by AstraZeneca, the innovator of propofol which is branded as Diprivan.
		A spokesperson for Mayne said the company had not factored in a contribution from propofol in its numbers for this year.
	www.smh.com.au /news/Business/US-court-rules-against-Mayne-on-propofol/2006/11/17/1163266771253.html (251 words)

	Propofol
		Propofol is a short-acting induction agent that is associated with smooth, nausea-free emergence.
		Small doses also are useful for short-term sedation during brief procedures such as performance of retrobulbar or peribulbar eye blocks.
		The primary limitations of propofol are pain on injection and blood pressure reduction.
	www.anesth.utmb.edu /Venable/Students/Introduction/28propofol.html (73 words)

	PROPOFOL
		Non-English Usage: "PROPOFOL" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.
		Experimental and Clinical Studies on the Antiemetic Effects of Propofol (Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of medicine (reference)
		"PROPOFOL" is used about 4 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English.
	www.websters-dictionary-online.net /definition/english/PR/PROPOFOL.html (276 words)

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