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Topic: Propulsion method

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	Propulsion method and apparatus for advancing a marine pipeline excavation shield - Patent 4588329
		One construction method for burying offshore pipelines utilizes a segmented excavation shield for forming a trench in the seafloor.
		The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the propulsion of a marine pipeline excavation shield, which greatly reduces the power requirements normally necessary to move the apparatus and which thereby saves construction time.
		Advantages of the "inch-worm" method are, (1) there is no limiting size; the method can be scaled up as required to accommodate pipe and trench geometry; (2) there is a minimum of moving parts; and (3) a reverse control sequence permits the unit to back up.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4588329.html (1975 words)

	Underwater propulsion method and apparatus - Patent 5435761
		In the method utilizing the apparatus, the anode compartment and cathode compartment are supplied with moist hydrogen and moist oxygen, respectively, so as to substantially suppress the evolution of gas in the duct, which lowers the thrusting force.
		An underwater propulsion apparatus as defined in claim 1, said apparatus further comprising water electrolysis means for electrolyzing water to produce the moist hydrogen gas and the moist oxygen gas which are supplied to said anode compartment and said cathode compartment, respectively.
		The method further comprises the steps of electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and supplying the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas to the electrodes, the hydrogen gas being supplied to an anode of the electrodes and the oxygen gas being supplied to a cathode of the electrodes.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5435761.html (4112 words)

	ipedia.com: Spacecraft propulsion Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This means that for maneuvering in space, a propulsion method that produces tiny accelerations but runs for a long time can produce the same impulse as a propulsion method that produces large accelerations for a short time.
		The law of conservation of momentum means that in order for a propulsion method to change the momentum of a space craft it must change the momentum of something else as well.
		Propulsion methods can be classified based on their means of accelerating the reaction mass.
	www.ipedia.com /spacecraft_propulsion_1.html (2670 words)

	Spooky Spaceflight
		Ion propulsion was used on NASA's highly successful Deep Space 1 probe, in the form of a solar-electric drive, that is, an ion drive in which solar panels provide the electrical power that is used to excite the fuel material to produce the ion stream that propels the craft.
		There is another propulsion application for quantum entanglement which, while probably requiring more R&D investment than the teleportation drive, would have even greater (as in, several orders of magnitude greater) speed benefits for a spacecraft: applying quantum entanglement to produce the first viable photon drive.
		Spacecraft propulsion is therefore a third practical application of quantum teleportation, in addition to quantum computing and quantum cryptography.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/physics-04w.html (2323 words)

	PowerPedia:Spacecraft propulsion - PESWiki
		Spacecraft propulsion is used to change the velocity of spacecraft and artificial satellites, or in short, to provide delta-v.
		This means that for maneuvering in space, a propulsion method that produces tiny accelerations but runs for a long time can produce the same impulse as a propulsion method that produces large accelerations for a short time.
		The law of conservation of momentum means that in order for a propulsion method to change the momentum of a space craft it must change the momentum of something else as well.
	peswiki.com /index.php/PowerPedia:Spacecraft_propulsion (4088 words)

	Ashutosh Malagaonkar's presentation
		Electromagnetic propulsion - When cooled to extremely low temperatures, electromagnets demonstrate an unusual behavior: For the first few nanoseconds after electricity is applied to them, they vibrate.
		Light propulsion - The basic idea behind light propulsion is the use of ground-based lasers to heat air to the point that it explodes, propelling the spacecraft forward.
		Nuclear fusion propulsion - Basically, fusion-powered spacecraft are designed to recreate the same types of high-temperature reactions that occur in the core of the sun.
	members.tripod.com /hipteam10/id11.html (590 words)

	Final Gallery
		Although chemical propulsion does have its advantages over ion propulsion, such as faster acceleration times, there are a wide variety of its own advantages that make it a much more appealing and natural choice for missions such as the ones aimed at Mars.
		This method has not proved to be reasonable because it requires the use of cesium whose corrosive nature has deemed it unsuitable for reliability over long periods of time, the length of operation for ion systems being one of its main advantages.
		Ion propulsion has been a concept in scientistsâ minds ever since the 1950âs and now that the technology is becoming more refined and accessible to application in space missions it may be a possibility to see it replace an increasing number of chemical propulsion systems in the very soon future.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /has/Students/finalGall.cfm?id=849 (1318 words)

	measuring propulsion shafting by Jacking method.
		Gap and offset as well as optical methods are used on new constructions to align ship’s main propulsion shafting, and when careful procedures are followed, will provide good alignment, however, they are indirect methods of obtaining bearing reactions and subject to considerable error in some cases.
		The HYDRAULIC JACKING METHOD, as developped by H.C. Andersen of MASS., U.S.A. is a direct method of propulsion shaft alignment, wherein the bearing reactions are determined by jacking the shaft out of its bearing, with a calibrated electronic load cell in between.
		When the jacking method is used to obtain bearing reactions existing on a lineshaft system, certain procedures must be followed, characteristics of the shafting system understood and correct interpretations of the hysteresis loop made, so correct results are obtained.
	www.vhussenbv.com /method.htm (285 words)

	[No title]
		The limitation of the method is that the crew must be developed enough that their consciousness can work properly within the person's etherical and astral bodies.
		The propulsion method is the wave method where the ship is put in phase or counterphase with respect to waves in the cosmos.
		Their method is a cross between methods B and A. To access the gravity frequency they use the element with periodic number 115.
	members.fortunecity.com /galactic4/sc4te.txt (1970 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Electric Spacecraft Propulsion
		Chemical propulsion systems are limited by the available reaction energies and thermal transfer considerations to exhaust gas velocities of a few thousand metres per second.
		For missions that require a high velocity increment, an alternative method of propulsion having a higher specific impulse or exhaust gas velocity than can be achieved using chemically fuelled thermodynamic expansion is required.
		More intense forms of propellant heating, as used in electrothermal propulsion systems, offer one possibility for increased exhaust velocity, but encounter limitations due to restrictions on the temperatures that can be sustained by engine components in contact with the propellant gas flow.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=34201 (655 words)

	Breakthrough Propulsion Physics - Overview
		Because the desired propulsion breakthroughs are presumably far from fruition and provocative, specific strategies were devised in the course of the NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Project to mitigate the risks and maximize progress.
		In all of the proposed propulsion methods, the anticipated forces are relatively small (comparable to experimental noise) and critical issues remain unresolved.
		The potential benefits of breakthrough propulsion cannot be calculated yet with certainty, but crude introductory assessments show that the performance gains could span from a factor of 2 to a factor of 10^150 in the amount of energy required to move an object from one point to another.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/bpp/overview.html (8236 words)

	1101 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Though the solar sail method may, at first, appear to be a probable method of propulsion, as we shall see later in this essay, it is highly inefficient.
		This method of propulsion is still suitable for interplanetary travel for it can reach our closest planetary neighbors, Pluto, in less than ten days, making the fission powered spacecraft the best choice in "short" space missions.
		However slight, this propulsion builds to the point that the ion drive rocket is currently one of the fastest synthetic moving objects in space.
	www.geocities.com /star77x/1101 (1871 words)

	Propulsion method - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For water propulsion, the most common types are underwater propeller, water jet, paddle wheel and, experimentally, magnetohydrodynamic drive.
		Sails are also common, and historically represented the most significant form of early propulsion for large watercraft.
		For air propulsion, the most common types are propeller, jet engine, turboprop, ramjet, rocket propulsion, and, experimentally, scramjet, pulse jet, and pulse detonation engine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Propulsion (227 words)

	[No title]
		The Inertial drive system described herein proposes an improved method of applying a net force to a payload, a method of generating the force, and two methodologies for controlling the generating force.
		In the case of thrust propulsion the propellant is exhausted.
		While the method is relayed in this document with mechanical visual and textual analogies and models, this method can exist at the very small quantum level or the very large macro level.
	members.cox.net /rberne/inertial/300serie.htm (2408 words)

	Ufo Propulsion
		The premise is that UFO and flying saucers are real, and that their energy sources and propulsion systems can be duplicated through scientific investigation.
		Method of propulsion utilizes a force field that works on metals as well as non-metals.
		A plasma corona is produced around spacific areas of the ship and is associated with its method of propulsions.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~reginald/ufo_prop.html (565 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion - Engineering - A Wikia wiki
		When launching a spacecraft from the Earth, a propulsion method must overcome the Earth's gravitational pull in addition to providing acceleration.
		Many of the propulsion methods above do not provide that much thrust, especially if solar power is used.
		Such methods would be essential for any hope at interstellar spaceflight.
	engineering.wikia.com /wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion (3278 words)

	Spacecraft propulsion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spacecraft propulsion is used to change the velocity of spacecraft and artificial satellites.
		They are also subject to drag from the thin atmosphere, so that to stay in orbit for a long period of time some form of propulsion is occasionally necessary to make small corrections ([[reaches its destination, where another short period of thrust accelerates or decelerates it to match the orbit of its destination.
		As we are in the habit of living in the gravitational field of 1g (9.8 m/second square), an ideal propulsion system would be one that provides a continuous acceleration of 1g (though human bodies can tolerate accelerations up to 15g in few cases).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion (3966 words)

	Newswise
		A new means of propelling spacecraft being developed at the University of Washington could dramatically cut the time needed for astronauts to travel to and from Mars and could make humans a permanent fixture in space.
		In fact, with magnetized-beam plasma propulsion, or mag-beam, quick trips to distant parts of the solar system could become routine, said Robert Winglee, a UW Earth and space sciences professor who is leading the project.
		They would get up to speed quickly with a strong push from a plasma station, then coast at high speed until they reach their destination, where they would be slowed by another plasma station.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/507649 (763 words)

	Propulsion method Summary
		Propulsion is a key element of many activities, including athletic events, recreation, transportation, weapons, and space exploration.
		Propulsion method may refer to a number of different articles: For a list of space propulsion methods, see spacecraft propulsion.
		For water propulsion, the most common types are underwater propeller, water jet, paddle wheel and, experimentally, magnetohy...
	www.bookrags.com /Propulsion (111 words)

	Navy Matters \| CVF Propulsion
		Historically, the propulsion and main machinery of warships over about 20,000 tonnes has been propellers on two, three or four shafts, each driven by steam turbines fed by high pressure steam from either oil-firing boilers or (since 1961) nuclear reactors that are located within the hull.
		However in recent years new options have emerged and selecting the machinery and propulsion method for a medium size aircraft carrier such as CVF is a very complex issue with many criteria to consider.
		Lastly, and it is a major consideration for CTOL carriers, the choice of a non-steam propulsion system requires the development and fitting of boilers specifically for the steam supply to the catapults, although the emergence of electro-magnetic catapults may remove this requirement in the next 10-15 years..
	navy-matters.beedall.com /cvf6.htm (4244 words)

	EXOTIC PROPULSION AIRCRAFT
		Another exotic propulsion technique is "waveriding," in which a vehicle's shock wave remains attached to the leading edge of the aircraft's body in hypersonic flight.
		It may also be questioned whether decision-makers would choose to carry more than one competing propulsion concept to the prototype flight stage of development.
		While it is asserted that the Exotic Propulsion Aircraft is a high-speed vehicle, this is at least four times faster than the speeds normally associated with this aircraft.
	members.tripod.com /~Anthony711/exoticpropulsion.htm (1569 words)

	plasma.html
		Electric propulsion is the acceleration of propellant by electrostatic and electrodynamic body forces.
		Electric propulsion, the acceleration of propellant by electrostatic and electrodynamic body forces, is the answer.
		The thrust available using this method depends only on the exhaust speed, on the mass of the ion, and on the total ion flux that can be accommodated by the source-accelerator-neutralizer system.
	www.physics.sfsu.edu /~dneuman/plasma.html (3243 words)

	FAQs
		Ans.: Antimatter spacecraft are not practically implemented due to the lack of antimatter particles existing in the universe.
		Ans.: Fuel cell and normal cell both converts chemical energy to electrical energy but the by-products of fuel cell be used for various purposes while for normal cell, by products can not be used.
		Discuss the methods, which are used to keep the rover warm.
	library.thinkquest.org /03oct/02144/text/faq.htm (2408 words)

	History and Development of the Rocket Engine
		solar sails provide very low but inexhaustible thrust; an interplanetary vehicle using one of these methods would follow a rather different trajectory, either constantly thrusting against its direction of motion in order to decrease its distance from the Sun or constantly thrusting along its direction of motion to increase its distance from the Sun.
		conservation of momentum means that in order for a propulsion method to change the momentum of a space craft it must change the momentum of something else as well.
		nuclear fusion has developed methods, some of which have been used in speculative propulsion systems.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/rocket_engine.htm (3031 words)

	Crank Dot Net \| propulsion
		After the craft was built it was moved to a building to be fueled it was placed in a large concave shaped structure imbeded in the floor then there was a highly charged electrical field applied to the surface of the concave structure."
		"he purpose of the Cook Inertial Propulsion engine is to provide a clean, efficient and safe method for propulsion.
		propulsion that attains the maximum transit speeds physically possible, and 3.
	www.crank.net /propulsion.html (480 words)

	Solar Sails
		The final propulsion method that we will discuss is sailing.
		The advantage is obvious: they do not need to carry an active propulsion system nor any propellant for it.
		Now that we have looked at a number of propulsion systems, let's take a look at how we might be able to provide them with propellants without being dependent on the Earth.
	eo.ucar.edu /staff/dward/sao/fit/sails.htm (730 words)

	Beamed Propulsion: Out Of the Lab Into Space
		The modern history of beamed energy propulsion, tagged BEP for short, started in 1972, when Arthur Kantrowitz -- founder and CEO of the Avco Everett Research Laboratory -- first popularized the idea of laser propulsion to orbit.
		More importantly, the field of laser propulsion is not limited to just Earth-to-orbit launches, in the same way as BEP is not limited to laser propulsion.
		For one, the time when laser propulsion and other BEP concepts will become mature, 'work-horse' technologies depends entirely upon expanding the current level of BEP research and development.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/beamed_propulsion_021105.html (1465 words)

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