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Topic: Propylene

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Propene

Propane

Allyl chloride

Phase (matter)

Acrylic acid

Acrylonitrile

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene

Butadiene

Alkene

Ethylene glycol

Cracking (chemistry)

Chemical compound

Ammonia

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	Propylene glycol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Similar to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol affects the body's chemistry by increasing the amount of acid, potentially resulting in metabolic problems.
		Propylene glycol is considerably less toxic than ethylene glycol.
		This is because while propylene glycol is metabolized by the body into lactic acid, which occurs natually as muscles are excercised, ethylene glycol is metabolized into oxalic acid, which is toxic.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Propylene_glycol (293 words)

	Propylene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene is a major chemical intermediate, produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining.
		Propylene is introduced into the atmosphere from natural and man-made sources, including emissions from vegetation, burning of organic material and incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, and from its production and use.
		Propylene was tested by inhalation in two studies in mice and in two studies in rats.
	monographs.iarc.fr /htdocs/monographs/vol60/m60-03.htm (366 words)

	Encyclopedia: Propylene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is the second simplest member of the alkene class of hydrocarbons, ethylene (ethene) being the simplest.
		At room temperature and pressure, propylene is a gas.
		Propylene is a major commodity in the petrochemicals industry.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Propylene (1308 words)

	ATSDR - Public Health Statement: Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol
		Propylene glycol is a chemical that has physical and chemical properties that are similar to ethylene glycol, but it does not cause the same human health effects.
		Propylene glycol is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when leakage might lead to contact with food.
		Propylene glycol is generally considered to be a safe chemical, and is not routinely tested for, unless specific exposure, such as to a medicine or cosmetic, can be linked with the observed bad symptoms.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /toxprofiles/phs96.html (2394 words)

	Propylene - NSC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene (CAS# 115-07-1) is a colorless gas that is used in its polymerized form as polypropylene for plastics and carpet fibers.
		Synonyms for propylene are methylethene, methylethylene, propene, 1-propene, and 1-propylene.
		In 1998, 849,790,869 pounds of propylene waste were managed; 74,791,416 pounds were recycled on-site; 23,152 pounds were recycled off-site; 457,768,564 pounds were used for energy recovery on-site; 2,218 pounds were used for energy recovery off-site; 299,261,504 pounds were treated on-site; 2,896,808 pounds were treated off-site; and 15,047,207 pounds were released on-and off-site.
	www.nsc.org /library/chemical/propylen.htm (889 words)

	Propylene Oxide - NSC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene oxide is a volatile, flammable liquid that is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether.
		Synonyms for propylene oxide are epoxypropane; 1,2-epoxypropane; methyl ethylene oxide; methyl oxirane; propene oxide; and 1,2-propylene oxide.
		Derivatives of propylene oxide are polyether polyols; propylene glycol; di- and tripropylene glycol; poly (propylene glycol)s; surfactants; glycol ethers; and isopropanolamines.
	www.nsc.org /library/chemical/propyle0.htm (1099 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Ethylene Glycol and Propylene Glycol
		Propylene glycol is generally regarded as safe for use in food.
		Propylene glycol is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions.
		Propylene glycol is generally considered to be a safe chemical, and is not routinely tested for, unless specific exposure, such as to a medicine or cosmetic, can be linked with symptoms.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts96.html (1069 words)

	armorall(propylene_glycol) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene glycol is a clear, colorless, tasteless, slightly syrupy liquid at room temperature.
		Propylene glycol is a petroleum derivative that acts as a solvent, surfacant, and a wetting agent.
		Propylene glycol is a generally common substance found in many household products such as, Anti-freeze, De-icers, paints and coatings, floor wax, laundry detergents, pet food, processed food, cosmetics, toothpastes, shampoos, deodorants, and lotions.
	www.cas.astate.edu /draganjac/webpage.html (195 words)

	Technical Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since propylene oxide is a basic chemical intermediate, and it is used to produce a wide variety of products such as urethane foams, cosmetics, polymers, starch modifiers, food emulsifiers and, of course, propylene glycol, it is designated as a GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) food additive.
		The early results are: propylene oxide, at doses similar to typical methyl bromide doses, kills all stages of the confused flour beetle, warehouse beetle, red flour beetle, cigarette beetle and the Indian meal moth.
		The conversion of propylene oxide to propylene glycol is catalyzed by both acid and base and the rate of reaction is determined by the concentration of the catalyst.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/np/mba/apr00/oxide.htm?pf=1 (1008 words)

	308. Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids (WHO Food Additives Series 5)
		The substance was hydrolyzed in vitro by rat pancreatic juice and bile to yield stearic acid, propylene glycol monostearate, succinic acid, propylene glycol mono hydrogen succinate, and propylene glycol.
		It was shown that propylene glycol diacetate possesses an LD of 13.53 g/kg (Smyth et al., 1941).
		A preparation containing 50% of propylene glycol esterified with stearic and succinic acids (stearyl propylene glycol hydrogen succinate), 17% of propylene glycol monostearate and lesser amounts of other propylene glycol derivatives ("Succistearin") was incorporated in diets at 2.5, 5 and 10% levels and fed to rats (10 per group) for six months.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je50.htm (761 words)

	Propylene -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene, also known by its (Click link for more info and facts about IUPAC) IUPAC name propene, is an (Any compound of carbon and another element or a radical) organic compound having the (A representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements) chemical formula (The 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet) C
		Propylene is a major (Articles of commerce) commodity in the (Any compound obtained from petroleum or natural gas) petrochemicals industry.
		The main use of propylene is as a (A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers) monomer, mostly for the production of (A polymer of propylene used as a thermoplastic molding material) polypropylene.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pr/propylene.htm (300 words)

	NTP: Abstract for TR-272 - Propylene
		Propylene is used as a starting material in the production of polypropylene plastics and various other chemicals, including acrylonitrile, isopropyl alcohol, propylene oxide, butyraldehyde, cumene, dodecane, nonene, and allyl chloride.
		The highest concentration of propylene that was considered safe for these studies was 10,000 ppm because of the risk of explosion that can occur at higher concentrations.
		In the nasal cavity, propylene induced squamous metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium in male and female rats and epithelial hyperplasia in female rats.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=0707094D-9D97-F896-270EED0CF98142AA (854 words)

	Lyondell Chemical Company Products And Services - Propylene Glycol (PG) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A formal study showed that propylene glycol is stable for at least two years at 25 deg C in steel drums lined with a baked epoxy phenolic coating and protected from moisture and air.
		Propylene oxide is reacted at 115 -140°C with a large excess of demineralised water to produce a mixture of mono, di and tri propylene glycols (MPG, DPG and TPG).
		Propylene glycol USP/ EP is permitted for use as a permitted carrier and carrier solvent in colours, emulsifiers, antioxidants and enzymes at a maximum of 1 gram per kilogram by weight in the final food stuffs.
	www.lyondell.com /html/products/products/pg_USP.shtml (1661 words)

	348. Propylene, 1,2- glycol (WHO Food Additives Series 5)
		When three-quarters of the carbohydrate was replaced by propylene glycol, giving a concentration of 31%, all the animals in another group died within 14 weeks.
		With half-and-half proportions of carbohydrate and propylene glycol, giving a concentration of 25%, the rats in a third group grew more slowly than those in a control group, and at five-and-a-half months their weight was less.
		With 13% propylene glycol in the diet, there was no mortality during the feeding period of five months and weight gain was about the same as in the controls.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je90.htm (1514 words)

	Methyl Bromide Replacement
		Propylene oxide is a basic chemical intermediate used to produce a wide variety of products such as urethane foams, cosmetics, polymers, modified starches, gums, food emulsifiers and of course propylene glycol, the GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) food additive.
		Propylene Oxide, on the other hand is flammable from 3% to 37% in air, much like propane.
		Propylene Oxide has been reported to be highly mobile in soil and has physical characteristics that appear to be ideal for soil fumigation.
	www.aberco.com /DOCUMENT/METHYL.htm (983 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Propylene oxide
		Propylene oxide is also used in the fumigation of foodstuffs and plastic medical instruments and in the manufacture of dipropylene glycol and glycol ethers, as herbicides, as solvents, and in the preparation of lubricants, surfactants, and oil demulsifiers.
		A study with rats and rabbits exposed to propylene oxide by inhalation prior to and during gestation concluded that propylene oxide was harmful to the developing fetus but did not cause birth defects.
		Propylene oxide occurs as a colorless, ethereal liquid that is extremely flammable.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/prop-oxi.html (1451 words)

	Tom's of Maine - About Our Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene glycol is a derivative of natural gas.
		Propylene glycol is considered a safe and appropriate ingredient not just for cosmetic products, but also for ingested products like food and pharmaceuticals.
		There have been claims made that propylene glycol is an inappropriate ingredient for cosmetics and foods because it can also be used in products (such as antifreeze) which one would not want to consume.
	www.tomsofmaine.com /toms/ifs/propylene_glycol.asp (605 words)

	PERTAMINA > produk kami > petrochemical > propylene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene is a hydrocarbon compound which is in gas form at normal temperature and normal pressure.
		Propylene is used as feedstock in the making of Polypropylene such as PTA and Polytam.
		Propylene is produced by PERTAMINA’s Processing Unit VI Balongan on a Residue Catalyst Cracker (RCC).
	www.pertamina.com /indonesiaversion/produk/petrochemical/propylene.html (128 words)

	Formic Acid - NSC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is primarily used in the manufacture of lacquers and paints, as an anti-freeze in industrial engines, a tailing agent for inks used on very high-speed presses, a coupling agent for resins and dyes in water-based inks, and a solvent for celluloses, acrylics, dyes, inks, and stains.
		Propylene glycol monomethyl ether is a colorless liquid with a sweet ether-like odor and bitter taste.
		A synonym for propylene glycol monomethyl ether is 1-methyl-2-hydroxypropane.
	www.nsc.org /library/chemical/glycolet.htm (1321 words)

	Propylene Oxide (Organic Method #88)
		Propylene oxide is produced by the chlorohydrin process, where propylene is reacted with chlorine, or by the hydroperoxide process, where an organic hydroperoxide is used to epoxidize propylene.
		This is the amount of propylene oxide spiked on an Anasorb 747 adsorbent tube that, upon analysis, produces a peak similar in size to that of the detection limit of the analytical procedure.
		The propylene oxide concentration for samples is obtained from the calibration curve in terms of micrograms per sample, uncorrected for desorption efficiency.
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/organic/org088/org088.html (3314 words)

	Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids
		Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids are mixtures of propylene glycol mono- and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids derived from edible oils and fats.
		The true propylene glycol content (in g/100 g of esters) is equal to the apparent propylene glycol content (in g/100 g of esters) minus 1.65 x the glycerol content (in g/100 g of esters).
		When calculating the total content of propylene glycol monoesters in the sample the response factor of propylene monostearate is used for all propylene glycol monoesters in the sample.
	www.fao.org /docrep/W6355E/w6355e0v.htm (1820 words)

	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding: A Need for Propylene Glycol-Free Ascorbic Acid Oral Liquid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Propylene glycol, commonly used as a food and drug additive, has been demonstrated in numerous case reports and studies6-10 to increase the risk of serum hyperosmolality with a marked osmolar gap, lactic acidosis, seizures and cardiac arrhythmias when the patients received high-dose, long-term administration of propylene glycol.
		The propylene glycol content of Cecon was reported in millilitcrs, and the clinical pharmacist needed a conversion to milligrams in order to determine the propylene glycol dose.
		Propylene glycol as a cause of an elevated serum osmolality.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4101/is_200411/ai_n9460634 (1086 words)

	Propylene is used principally in organic synthesis to produce the following materials: acetone, isopropylbenzene, ...
		Propylene is used principally in organic synthesis to produce the following materials: acetone, isopropylbenzene, isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl halides, and propylene oxide.
		Propylene is also being polymerized to form polypropylene plastic.
		From propylene such organic chemicals as acetone and propylene glycol are derived.
	www.c-f-c.com /specgas_products/propylene.htm (101 words)

	Abstract of CEH report Propylene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although propylene is consumed in chemical and fuel applications, this report focuses primarily on the supply/demand picture for propylene in chemical uses.
		The manufacture of polypropylene accounted for 60% of the world’s propylene consumption in 2002, and consequently was the primary driver of demand.
		Propylene is an established market and no significant new chemical uses are likely to emerge in the future.
	www.sriconsulting.com /CEH/Public/Reports/436.0000/Abstract.html (365 words)

	Propylene Glycol, Ethylene Glycol-Toxic Chemical Report
		Although exposure to high levels of Propylene Glycol is known to cause serious and potentially irreversible health conditions, the chemical industry tell us that "small" quantities or low level exposure of Propylene Glycol is "safe" to use on the skin and in food.
		Both propylene glycol and ethylene glycol are used to make antifreeze and de-icing solutions for cars, airplanes, and boats; to make polyester compounds; and as solvents in the paint and plastics industries.
		Since both propylene glycol and ethylene glycol break down very quickly in the body, they are very difficult to detect, even though symptoms may be present.
	www.health-report.co.uk /ethylene_glycol_propylene_glycol.htm (1204 words)

	Propylene Glycol
		Propylene Glycol is a humectant or humidifying agent, solvent and delivery ingredient used in cosmetics.
		Since Propylene Glycol can penetrate the outermost layer of the skin and carry the active ingredients into deeper layers of the epidermis it is an extremely common ingredient in cosmetics and is found in a variety of products.
		Propylene Glycol is on the US Food and Drug Administration's list of ingredients which are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) and is recognized by the World Health Organization as safe for use.
	www.naturebath.com /propylene_glycol.html (166 words)

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