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Topic: Propylene oxide

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	Patent 5160587: Extractive distillation of propylene oxide
		Schmidt states at column 2, lines 50-55 that: "Propylene oxide, however, has a substantial solubility in water and is readily hydrolyzed to propylene glycol (PG) in the presence of large amounts of water"--i.e., in the reboiler section of the tower.
		Propylene oxide is a hygroscopic substance, so that water is removed only with difficulty.
		The impure propylene oxide is preferably charged to the distillation column 100 in the lower half thereof.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5160587.html (2608 words)

	Propylene Oxide - NSC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Propylene oxide is a volatile, flammable liquid that is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether.
		Synonyms for propylene oxide are epoxypropane; 1,2-epoxypropane; methyl ethylene oxide; methyl oxirane; propene oxide; and 1,2-propylene oxide.
		Derivatives of propylene oxide are polyether polyols; propylene glycol; di- and tripropylene glycol; poly (propylene glycol)s; surfactants; glycol ethers; and isopropanolamines.
	www.nsc.org /library/chemical/propyle0.htm (1099 words)

	NTP: Abstract for TR-267 - Propylene Oxide
		Propylene oxide is a volatile, colorless liquid used as an intermediate in the production of polyether polyols, polyurethane foams, and unsaturated polyester resins and also as a fumigant for sterilizing a variety of materials ranging from plastic medical instruments to foodstuffs.
		In the United States, propylene oxide is registered as a fumigant for packaged dried prunes and glacé fruits such as candied cherries and as an insecticidal and fungicidal fumigant for bulk quantities of cocoa, gums, and processed spices.
		The survival of rats exposed to propylene oxide was comparable with that of the controls; terminal body weights were lower than those of the controls for high dose males (8%) and high dose females (6%).
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=0706E5E6-E4D0-7A86-2D90B5682EE379AF (839 words)

	Carcinogenic Effects of Exposure to Propylene Oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Studies in animals have demonstrated that propylene oxide is a direct acting
		propylene oxide in air developed papillary adcnomas of the nasal epithelium.
		propylene oxide meet the criteria established in the Occupational Safety and
	es.epa.gov /techpubs/5/12835.html (136 words)

	Propylene Oxide (Organic Method #88)
		Propylene oxide is produced by the chlorohydrin process, where propylene is reacted with chlorine, or by the hydroperoxide process, where an organic hydroperoxide is used to epoxidize propylene.
		This is the amount of propylene oxide spiked on an Anasorb 747 adsorbent tube that, upon analysis, produces a peak similar in size to that of the detection limit of the analytical procedure.
		The propylene oxide concentration for samples is obtained from the calibration curve in terms of micrograms per sample, uncorrected for desorption efficiency.
	www.osha.gov /dts/sltc/methods/organic/org088/org088.html (3314 words)

	Propylene oxide (EHC 56, 1985)
		Propylene oxide is mutagenic to microorganisms and insects and produced mutations, DNA damage, and chromosomal effects in mammalian cells in vitro.
		It was proposed that, as for ethylene oxide (Ehrenberg et al., 1974; Osterman-Golkar et al., 1976, 1983), the determination of the degree of alkylation of amino acids, and specifically histidine, in haemoglobin could be used for monitoring the tissue doses of propylene oxide.
		Propylene oxide is mutagenic in microorganisms and insects and produces DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc56.htm (11879 words)

	Propylene oxide (HSG 15, 1988)
		Propylene oxide exhibits fetotoxicity in rats and affects the spermatogenic function in monkeys.
		In the USA, propylene oxide, when carried in bulk, is classified as a "cargo of particular hazard" for the purpose of regulations governing handling of dangerous cargoes in or contiguous to water front facilities.
		Furthermore, when propylene oxide is processed in quantities equal to or over 50 tonnes or is stored in quantities equal to or over 300 tonnes, notification has to be made to the competent authorities including information on the substance, on the installation, information on possible major accident situations and emergency plans (1984).
	www.inchem.org /documents/hsg/hsg/hsg015.htm (3879 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Propylene oxide
		Propylene oxide is also used in the fumigation of foodstuffs and plastic medical instruments and in the manufacture of dipropylene glycol and glycol ethers, as herbicides, as solvents, and in the preparation of lubricants, surfactants, and oil demulsifiers.
		A study with rats and rabbits exposed to propylene oxide by inhalation prior to and during gestation concluded that propylene oxide was harmful to the developing fetus but did not cause birth defects.
		Propylene oxide occurs as a colorless, ethereal liquid that is extremely flammable.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/prop-oxi.html (1451 words)

	Patent 4692260: Dishwashing compositions comprising an enzyme and a C.sub.8 -C.sub.10 alkanol with 0-2 moles of ...
		The composition of claim 4 wherein said enzyme is a mixture of amylase and protease and said alkanol is selected from the group consisting of n-octanol, n-decanol propoxylated with 2 moles of propylene oxide per mole of n-decanol, 2-ethylhexanol, isononyl alcohol, isodecanol, and n-octanol propoxylated with 2 moles of propylene oxide per mole of n-octanol.
		Preferred nonionic low-foaming surfactants are ethylene oxide adducts with relatively high molecular weight polypropylene glycols having molecular weights of from 900 to 4000 and also ethylene oxide or ethylene oxide and propylene oxide adducts with C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 alkanols and nonylphenol.
		Examples of suitable adducts are the adduct of 10% by weight of ethylene oxide with a polyoxypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1750 and also the adduct of 9 moles of ethylene oxide and 10 moles of propylene oxide with nonylphenol and the like.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4692260.html (3370 words)

	Propylene oxide [factsheet]
		* A study with rats and rabbits exposed to propylene oxide by inhalation prior to and during gestation concluded that propylene oxide was harmful to the developing fetus but did not cause birth defects.
		* The odor of propylene oxide is described as sweet, alcoholic, and ether-like with an odor threshold of 44 ppm.
		* Propylene oxide is also used in the fumigation of foodstuffs and plastic medical instruments and in the manufacture of dipropylene glycol and glycol ethers, as herbicides, as solvents, and in the preparation of lubricants, surfactants, and oil demulsifiers.
	www.lakes-environmental.com /toxic/PROPYLENE_OXIDE.HTML (1228 words)

	propylene oxide Pesticide Tolerance 5/96
		Propylene oxide is classified as a B2 carcinogen with an oral slope factor of 1.53E-1 based on benign and malignant tumors in female rats when exposed by gavage.
		Because nuts treated with propylene oxide are not sold directly to consumers but are intended to be added to foods that may be further processed (e.g.
		The nature of the residue is adequately understood and an analytical method for propylene oxide (gas chromatography) previously developed for tolerance petitions 5H5087 and 6H5119 is available in JAOAC, Vol 54, p.
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/miscpesticides/methylchloride-xanthangum/propylene-oxide/pest-tol-propylene-oxide.html (1661 words)

	Abstract of CEH report Propylene Oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Propylene oxide (also known as PO, 1,2-epoxypropane and methyloxirane) is a colorless, low-boiling liquid.
		PO is used in the manufacture of polyether polyols, propylene glycols, glycol ethers and polyalkylene glycols.
		World capacity for propylene oxide was about 5.8 million metric tons as of January 1, 2002.
	www.sriconsulting.com /CEH/Public/Reports/690.8000/Abstract.html (292 words)

	(TechInfo) CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO PROPYLENE OXIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Degeneratio of the of otfactory epithelium and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium were induced in the nasal cavities of Wistar rats exposed to propylene oxide by inhalation.
		Although epidemiologic data are not available fromworkers exposed to propylene oxide, the findings of cancer and other tumors in both rats and moic treated with propylene oxide meet the criteria established in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Cancer Policy (Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
		Section 1990.112) for regarding propylene oxide as a potenial occupational carcinogen.The National Institute of O ccupational Safety and Health therefore recommends the occupational exposures to propylene oxide be reduced to the lowest feasible concentration.
	es.epa.gov /p2pubs/techpubs/5/12835.html (204 words)

	The World Market for Methyloxirane (Propylene Oxide): A 2004 Global Trade Perspective : Market Research Report
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for methyloxirane (propylene oxide) for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		Chapter 4 does the same, but for imports of methyloxirane (propylene oxide) for all countries in the world.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of methyloxirane (propylene oxide) to and from all major countries in the world.
	www.marketresearch.com /map/prod/917652.html (614 words)

	Propylene oxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Over $80,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August.
		Propylene oxide is a highly toxic flammable chemical compound.
		It was once used as a racing fuel, but that usage is now prohibited under NHRA rules for safety reasons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Propylene_oxide (93 words)

	Shell Chemicals - Glossary & Trademarks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There are almost 200 chemicals that can be so described and they include many simple hydrocarbons (such as methane, ethane, etc.) aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, etc.), olefins (ethylene, propylene, etc.), naphthenes and various of their derivatives.
		The correct chemical term for an alcohol group is a hydroxy group with the combination of one oxygen attached to one hydrogen (OH).
		This is the collective name given to those polymers that are made from the lower olefins: ethylene, propylene, butylene and isoprene.
	www.shellchemicals.com /glossary/1,1098,1159,00.html (1585 words)

	zinc oxide on Encyclopedia.com
		Because it absorbs ultraviolet light, zinc oxide can be used in ointments, creams, and lotions to protect against sunburn.
		Crystalline zinc oxide exhibits the piezoelectric effect, is luminescent, and is light sensitive.
		Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Propylene Oxide Using Various Zinc Glutarate Derivatives as Catalysts.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/z1/zincoxid.asp (380 words)

	SPI Supplies - MSDS Safety - Propylene oxide
		Propylene oxide reacts with water to produce propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and higher molecular weight polyglycols.
		Ecotoxicity: Fish: Goldfish: LC50 170 mg/L; 24h Bluegill/Sunfish TLM 215 mg/l; 96h Environmental: Terrestrial: If released to the soil, propylene oxide is expected to be susceptible to leaching and chemical hydrolysis in moist soils.
		Volatilization of propylene oxide from the aquatic environment may be an important transport mechanism.
	www.2spi.com /catalog/msds/msds02524.html (1557 words)

	Shell Chemicals - Propylene oxide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Shell chemicals companies entered the propylene oxide (PO) sector in the 1960s with the acquisition of a PO plant in Carrington, UK.
		While other processes exist, the Shell chemicals companies have derived a strong competitive advantage by using and continually developing their proprietary SM/PO technology, a process in which propylene (C3) and ethyl benzene (EB) are simultaneously converted into propylene oxide (PO) and styrene monomer (SM), respectively.
		Propylene oxide is used as the chemical building block for a number of derivatives used by our customers to manufacture many products that surround us in our everyday lives.
	www.shellchemicals.com /propylene_oxide/1,1098,352,00.html (230 words)

	BASF and Dow to pursue joint development of process technology for propylene oxide (BASF Group) - Pressi.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		"Producing propylene oxide via the HP-PO process represents a significant improvement in cost effectiveness when compared to existing processes, and eliminates the complications of handling co-products," said Bob Wood, Business Group President of Dow Thermosets, which includes Dow's Propylene Oxide and Propylene Glycol business unit, along with Polyurethanes, Polyurethanes Systems and Epoxies and Intermediates products.
		Propylene oxide is used in the manufacture of polyurethanes, propylene glycol (PG), chemical intermediates, flame retardants, synthetic lubricants, oil field drilling chemicals and textile surfactants.
		Dow is the world's largest producer of polyether polyols, propylene glycol and P-series glycol ethers.
	www.pressi.com /de/release/51010.html (777 words)

	Dow Products and Businesses News: Dow Launches Propylene Oxide Web Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In the challenging global propylene oxide market, Dow recognizes that the Internet is an essential communication tool.
		In addition, it will instruct customers on Dow’s product stewardship philosophy, as it relates to propylene oxide, and point visitors to industry and government associations for more direction on environmental and health safety guidelines.
		Dow, with four billion pounds of global capacity, is the world’s largest producer of propylene oxide, with PO facilities in Freeport, Texas; Plaquemine, Louisiana; Stade, Germany; Aratu, Brazil.
	www.dow.com /dow_news/prodbus/2003/20030421b.htm (332 words)

	Propylene Oxide, 18601, MSDS
		Skin contact: Propylene oxide in contact with the skin may cause severe skin irritation and blistering.
		Skin absorption: Propylene oxide in liquid or solid solution form may be absorbed through the skin and produce toxic effects.
		Other: When handling propylene oxide, wear an impervious protective suit, in addition to gloves, boots, and full head and face protection.
	www.tedpella.com /msds_html/18601msd.htm (1117 words)

	China Chemical Reporter: Production and Consumption of Propylene Oxide.
		Propylene oxide is an important chemical raw material.
		It can not only produce polyether polylol that is further processed into polyurethane, but also propylene glycol and non-ionic surfactants that have extensive applications, such as oilfield deemulsifiers, flame-retardants, pesticide emulsifiers and humectants.
		In the chlorohydrination process, propylene, chlorine and water are hypochlorinated at an atmospheric pressure and...
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_hb048/is_200102/ai_hibm1G170711680 (272 words)

	News Item : DOW ADJUSTS ITS NAMEPLATE PROPYLENE OXIDE PRODUCTION CAPABILITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Dow has announced that it will upwardly adjust the nameplate capacity of its Stade, Germany, propylene oxide plant to 590 kilotons per annum (1.3 billion pounds), which represents a more than 7% increase over the 550 kilotons per annum (1.2 billion pounds) previously reported by the company.
		The world’s largest single producer of propylene oxide, Dow’s global propylene oxide capability now totals 1,860 kilotons per annum (4.1 billion pounds).
		In addition to its Stade plant, Dow produces propylene oxide in Texas, Louisiana and Brazil.
	www.asimagazine.com /CDA/ArticleInformation/news/news_item/0,2108,135429,00.html (209 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-05052002-231800
		They were utilized to prepare hydrophilic-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with biocompatible materials for utility in magnetic field guidable drug delivery vehicles.
		The triblock copolymers synthesized contain 3, 5, or 10 carboxylic acids in the central segments with Mn values of 2000, 5000 or 15000 g/mol poly(ethylene oxide) tail blocks.
		A method was developed for preparing ~10 nm diameter magnetite surfaces stabilized with the triblock polymers.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-05052002-231800 (314 words)

	Dow Announces Price Increase on Propylene Glycols and Propylene Oxide
		Dow, with a global capacity of more than one billion pounds, is the industry leader in the manufacture of propylene glycol.
		With a global capacity of more than four billion pounds, Dow is the industry leader in the manufacture of propylene oxide.
		Dow offers propylene oxide, monopropylene glycol (MPG), dipropylene glycol (DPG) and tripropylene glycol (TPG) globally. For more information about Dow Oxides and Glycols, visit the www.dowpo.com and www.dowpg.com websites.
	www.dow.com /propyleneoxide/news/20041207a.htm (379 words)

	Propylene oxide
		Employees of plants where alkylene oxide is manufactured or processed were subjected to mutagenicity studies carried out on lymphocyte cultures in accordance with the methods of Moorhead at al, de Jong and Anders.
		Correlations for reactivity of the propylene oxides with the individual deoxynucleosides in solution and in DNA, except for deoxythymidine, were indicated for mutagenicity in TA100 in the liquid-preincubation Ames test.
		The carcinogenicity of proplene oxide was investigated because of its extensive production, its potential for exposure of humans in the workplace or for exposure through food, the positive results in short term genetic assays, and the inadequacy of available animal carcinogenesis data on the material.
	www.gasdetection.com /TECH/pro.html (14702 words)

	Toxicology :: Effects of Propylene Oxide Exposure on Rat Nasal Respiratory Cell Proliferation :: Pharmaceutical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Effects of Propylene Oxide Exposure on Rat Nasal Respiratory Cell Proliferation
		Long-term exposure of rodents to propylene oxide (PO) induced inflammation, respiratory cell hyperplasia, and nasal tumors at concentrations 300 ppm, suggesting a possible role for cytotoxicity and compensatory cell proliferation in PO carcinogenesis.
		In this study, the effects of PO exposure on histopathology and cell proliferation in nasal and hepatic tissues were studied in male F344 rats exposed by inhalation for 3 or 20 days (0, 5, 25, 50, 300, and 500 ppm).
	www.pharmainfo.net /displayarticle4405.html (359 words)

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